The document discusses the evolution of dependency management in Magento, detailing the transition from PEAR to Composer for managing project components and dependencies. It highlights key features and limitations of Magento 1.x and 2, including module versioning, package types, and adoption challenges. The adoption of Composer in Magento 2 enhanced package granularity, semantic versioning, and improved dependency management workflows.

2. The Dependency Management Problem
• App consists of many components
• Dependencies between components
• Optional components
• Compatibility of components
• Unique components per project
• Components management:
– Install
– Uninstall
– Update

3. No Dependency Manager / PEAR
First Magento CE Release!
2008

4. What’s Up with PEAR?
• PEAR – PHP Extension and Application Repository
• System-wide installation
• Strict package structure
• Bureaucracy
• PEAR channel hosting
• Dependency issues
• Usability issues

5. Magento 1.x Package Management
• Monolith release package
•
• Magento Connect Manager:
– Homegrown packaging format
– GUI for management
• PEAR for CLI management
• Vague module versioning
• Not versioned dependencies
Magento 1.x
release package
Feature Modules
Magento libraries
3rd party libraries
Design themes/skins
Localizations

6. Still No Dependency Manager
Module Manager “modman”
2010

7. Modman for Magento 1.x
• Modman – command line tool
• Keeps extensions separately from Magento
• Alternative packaging format
• CLI for management
• Use cases:
– Development
– Deployment
Magento 1.x
module package
Community module
modman

8. First Composer Release!
First Composer Use for Magento 1.x
Magento 2 Development in Progress
2012

9. Composer Overview
• Composer – dependency manager for PHP
• Composer – CLI tool
• Dependencies per project
• Versioned dependencies
• Package management:
– Install
– Uninstall
– Update
• Classes autoloading

10. Composer Basic Usage
1. Declaring project dependencies
composer.json
1. Installing dependencies
php composer.phar install
1. Autoloading dependencies
require 'vendor/autoload.php';
vendor/
autoload.php
Zend/…
…
my_project/
composer.json

11. Installation via Composer
1. Read composer.json
1. Read required packages
2. Read repositories
3. Append packagist.org to repositories
2. For each package:
1. Download from repository
2. Install dependencies recursively
3. Register plugin, if API implemented

12. Composer Adoption for Magento 1.x
• Composer plugin for Magento 1.x
magento-hackathon/magento-composer-installer
• Deployment strategies:
– Copy
– Move
– Symlink
• Modman packages support
• Composer packages repository
packages.firegento.com

13. Magento 1.x Composer Package Example
{
"name": "aoepeople/Aoe_Scheduler",
"type": "magento-module",
"description": "Magento Cron Scheduler",
"require": {
"magento-hackathon/magento-composer-installer": "*"
}
}
composer.json

14. Magento 1.x Composer Project Example
{
"require": {
"magento/core": "1.9.0.1",
"aoepeople/Aoe_Scheduler": "*",
"magento-hackathon/magento-composer-installer": "*"
},
"repositories": [
{
"type": "composer",
"url": "http://packages.firegento.com"
}
]
}
composer.json

15. Composer Adoption Obstacles in 1.x
• Monolith CE Composer package
• No strict versioning
• No module API version
• No theme version
• No locale version
• Files not in one directory:
– Module files
– Theme & skin files
magento/core
1.9.0.1
Feature Modules
Magento libraries
3rd party libraries
Design themes/skins
Localizations
composer.json

16. Composer is De Facto Standard
Projects Drop PEAR Support
Magento 2 Dev Beta Release
Composer Adoption for Magento 2
2014

17. Composer Adoption in Magento 2
• Prerequisites:
– Self-contained modules
– Self-contained themes
• Monolith Granular core packages
• Fork of the Composer plugin for 1.x
magento/magento-composer-installer
• Composer packages repository
packages.magento.com

18. Composer Package Types in Magento 2
• Package type defines files destination
• Implemented by the Composer plugin
• Custom package types:
magento2-module
magento2-theme
magento2-language
magento2-library
magento2-component
app/code/
app/design/
app/i18n/
lib/internal/
/

19. Composer Packages in Magento 2
magento/module-catalog
composer.json
Module
magento/theme-frontend-luma
composer.json
Theme
monolog/monolog
composer.json
3rd party library
magento/language-it_it
composer.json
Localization

20. Composer Packages in Magento 2
magento/zendframework1
composer.json
3rd party library fork
magento/magento2-base
composer.json
Application skeleton
magento/framework
composer.json
Framework

21. Magento 2 Module Package Example
{
"name": "magento/module-catalog",
"require": {
"php": "~5.5.0|~5.6.0",
"magento/module-store": "0.42.0-beta9",
"magento/framework": "0.42.0-beta9",
"magento/magento-composer-installer": "*"
},
"type": "magento2-module",
"version": "0.42.0-beta9",
"extra": {
"map": [
["*", "Magento/Catalog"]
]
}
}
composer.json
app/code/
Magento/Catalog/

22. Core Changes
for Composer Adoption

23. Module Versioning in Magento 2
• Composer requires semantic versioning
semver.org
• Adoption of Semantic Version 2.0.0
<major>.<minor>.<patch>[-<suffix>]
<major> – Incompatible API changes
<minor> – Add functionality in BC manner
<patch> – BC bug fixes
<suffix> – Stability

24. Module Version Declaration
Magento 1.x module
config.xml
etc/
Version, not semantic
DB schema version
API version, semantic
Magento 2 module package
module.xml
etc/
composer.json

25. Module Dependencies Declaration
Magento 1.x module
config.xml
etc/
Magento 2 module package
module.xml
etc/
composer.json
Dependencies
ordered, not versioned
Dependencies
not ordered, versioned
Modules order

26. Magento 2 Repositories
github.com
magento/magento2 – CE mainline
magento/magento2-community-edition – CE Composer project
magento/magento-composer-installer – Composer plugin
magento/zf1 – Fork of Zend Framework 1.x

27. Results of Composer Adoption
• Granular core packages
• Semantic versioning
• Versioned dependencies
• Theme dependencies
• Locale dependencies
• Validation of environment
– PHP version
– PHP libraries

28. Resources
• Magento 2
– devdocs.magento.com – Developer documentation
– github.com/magento/magento2 – CE mainline repository
– github.com/magento/magento2-community-edition – CE Composer
project
– github.com/magento/magento-composer-installer – Composer plugin
– packages.magento.com – Composer packages repository
• Magento 1.x
– github.com/magento-hackathon/magento-composer-installer – Composer
plugin
– packages.firegento.com – Composer packages repository
• Composer
– getcomposer.org – Composer tool
– packagist.org – Composer packages repository
– semver.org – Semantic versioning

29. Q: When is Magento 2 Release?
A: Magento 2 release schedule:
1. Q4 2014 – Dev Beta  Released Dec 17, 2014
2. Q1 2015 – Dev RC
3. Q3 2015 – Merchant Beta
4. Q4 2015 – Merchant GA

30. Thank You!
Q & A
Sergii Shymko
sergey@shymko.net