Muhamed Aashique. A NDTESL Teacher of English +94 75 731 7854

1. Welcome to my first
class
My name is Muhamed Aashique.A
I’m your Lecturer
Today, we are going to learn
What?

3. What is sentence?
• Sentence means group of words of meaningful thought with the full stop
mark.
Example:
I am a student.
We are learning English.
I go to school everyday.
Muhamed Aashique.A
NDTESL

4. STRUCTURE OF SENTENCE
• The sentence is ever divided as two parts.
Example: He is a teacher.
Subject
Predicate
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5. Subject +Predicate.
• I am going to teach you all.
• You all are going to get some idea.
• She went to shop for buying toys.
• It has started.
Muhamed Aashique.A
NDTESL

6. Sentence structure
• Sentence structure means how a sentence should be built.
• Sentence structures will be many types.
Example:
S+V
S+V+O
S+V+O+O
S+V+A
S+V+O+A
S= Subject
V= Verb
O= Object
A= Adjective
A= Adverbial phrase
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NDTESL

7. SUBJECT
• Subject is the head of a sentence.
• Without a subject , there is no a sentence.
• Subject can be whatever such as,
NOUN , NOUN PHRASE , GERUND NOUNS ,
VERB PHRASE , PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE ,
PRONOUN , Etc..
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NDTESL

8. VERB
• Verbs are two types
1) Auxiliary verb (Helping verb)
I. Modal auxiliary verbs
II. Primary verbs
2) Main verbs (ordinary verbs)
Can
May
Could
Will
Am/Is/Are
Was/Were
Do/Does/Did
Have/Has
Modal verbs
Primary verbs
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NDTESL

9. MODAL AUXILIARY VERB
• An auxiliary verb that expresses necessity or possibility .
Example: I can do it.
I may join you.
He should study well.
she must do it.
I can do it.
Main verb
(It shows the action)
Helping verb
(It show the ability)
Muhamed Aashique.A
NDTESL

10. PRIMARY VERB
• Primary auxiliary verbs work as helping verb and main verb.
• The primary auxiliary verbs are ‘‘be, have, do’’.
 Be – ‘‘,U’’ as main verb
In present tense;
am/is/are
In past tense;
was/were
In future tense;
will + be
Example:
I am a teacher.
He is at his home.
They are in the park.
She was in Colombo yesterday.
We were at the class at this time yesterday.
I will be Colombo tomorrow.
Auxiliary verb Main verb
Muhamed Aashique.A
NDTESL

11. PRIMARY VERB
 Be as helping verb
In present tense;
am/is/are
Example:
I am learning English now.
She is sleeping.
They are playing cricket these days.
I am learning English now.
Muhamed Aashique.A
NDTESL

12. PRIMARY VERB
In past tense;
was/were
In Future tense;
will + be + main verb
Example:
He was playing football yesterday.
They were chatting in the classroom.
Example:
I will be teaching English tomorrow.
She will be playing football.
Muhamed Aashique.A
NDTESL

13. PRIMARY VERB
• As we looked through above, every primary verb work as helping verb/
verbs and a main verb in a sentence.
As a main verb; Example:
I do my works myself.
He goes to school everyday.
She did this work well
He has a pen
They have a minivan.
I had a bicycle.
Muhamed Aashique.A
NDTESL

14. PRIMARY VERB
As helping verb;
Example:
I don’t do it.
Does he go to school everyday?
The didn’t come to school yesterday.
We haven’t finished this work.
She hasn’t talked to him ever.
Had he been in London?
Do + not= don’t
Does + not= doesn’t
Did +not= didn’t
Have + not= haven’t
Has + not= hasn’t
Muhamed Aashique.A
NDTESL

15. MAIN VERB
• Verb refers to action.
Example: go, write, learn, played, drawn
• Main verbs are 5 types
1. Infinitive verb (Base form) Go Play Learn
2. Simple present verb Go/Goes Play/Plays Learn/Learns
3. Simple past verb Went Played Learnt
4. Present participle verb Going Playing Learning
5. Past participle verb Gone Played Learnt
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NDTESL

16. MAIN VERB
• In 12 tenses, we always use those 5 main verb for describing actions
• Helping verbs help find the tense of the sentences.
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NDTESL

17. OBJECT
• Objects are two types.
I. Direct object
It means that the object has relationship with the verb directly.
Example: I got it.
She gave me a pen.
He loves you.
II. Indirect object
It means that the object has relationship indirectly.
Example: I gave him.
Raj gave her his heart.
Raj gave his heart to her.
Muhamed Aashique.A
NDTESL

18. S+V
• You go.
• You do.
• The bell rang.
• He swept.
• She has gone.
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NDTESL

19. S+V+O
• I go to school.
• He has gone to Colombo.
• She likes ice-cream.
• We are going to Kandy.
Object:
• Direct object
• Indirect object
Muhamed Aashique.A
NDTESL

20. S+V+O+O
• Mother sent me a pen.
• He built a house for me.
• You send me this video.
Object:
• Direct object
• Indirect object
Muhamed Aashique.A
NDTESL

21. S+V+A
• She is cute.
• He is very lazy.
• Ice-cream is so cold.
• It is broken.
• Raj was sick.
Muhamed Aashique.A
NDTESL

22. S+V+O+A
• I went to school yesterday.
• We are going to Colombo tomorrow.
• She came to the meeting later yesterday.
• The truck came here.
• He ran fast. S+V+A
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NDTESL

23. Do you have any question?
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24. Muhamed Aashique.A
NDTESL