A sensor is a device that detects and responds to some type of input from the physical environment. This document describes several common types of sensors including temperature, proximity, light, infrared, ultrasonic, moisture, vibration, flex, flame, pulse, color, and humidity sensors. It provides basic information on what each sensor detects and includes examples of circuits showing how to interface some of the sensors with an Arduino or STM32 microcontroller.

1. SENSORS

2.  Sensor is an input device which provides an output with respect to a
specific physical quantity
 Sensor is a device which converts signals from one energy domain to
electrical domain.
What is a Sensor?

3.  Temperature Sensor
 Proximity Sensor
 Accelerometer
 IR Sensor (Infrared Sensor)
 Pressure Sensor
 Light Sensor
 Ultrasonic Sensor
 Smoke, Gas and Alcohol Sensor
 Touch Sensor
 Colour Sensor
 Humidity Sensor
 Tilt Sensor
 Flow and Level Sensor
Different types of sensors.

4. Temperature Sensor

5.  Temperature Sensor IC’s
 Thermistors
 Thermocouples
 RTD (Resistive Temperature Devices)
Types of Temperature Sensors

6.  1 × Breadboard
 1 × Arduino Uno R3
 1 × LM35 sensor
Components Required

7. Temperature sensor interfacing with Arduino
Circuit

8. Temperature sensor interfacing with STM32
Circuit

9.  LM35 sensor has three terminals - Vs, Vout and GND. We will connect the
sensor as follows −
 Connect the +Vs to +5v on your Arduino board.
 Connect Vout to Analog0 or A0 on Arduino board.
 Connect GND with GND on Arduino.
 The Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) converts analog values into a
digital approximation based on the formula ADC Value = sample * 1024 /
reference voltage (+5v). So with a +5 volt reference, the digital
approximation will be equal to input voltage * 205.

10. Temperature sensor interfacing with STM32
Board

11. DHT11 Temperature & Humidity sensor

12.  It is a ultra low-cost digital temperature and humidity sensor.
 It uses a capacitive humidity sensor and thermistor to measure the
surrounding air, and spits out a digital signal on the data pin
Introduction

13. Infrared Sensor interfacing with Arduino
Circuit

14. Infrared Sensor interfacing with STM
Circuit

15.  To measure the humidity and temperature values
 Ventilation and air conditioning systems
 To predict the weather conditions in the weather stations.
Applications

16.  IR sensors are light based sensor that are used for various applications
like proximity and object detection.
 IR sensors are used as proximity sensors in almost all mobile phones.
 There are two types of infrared Sensors.
a. Transmissive Type.
b. Reflective Type.
Infrared Sensor (IR Sensor)

17.  Mobile Phones
 Robots
 Industrial Assembly
 Auto mobiles
Applications of IR sensors.

18. Infrared Sensor interfacing with Arduino
Circuit

19. Infrared sensor interfacing with STM32
Board

20.  An Ultrasonic Sensor works based on the properties of the sound waves
with frequency greater than that of the human audible range.
 It is a non-contact type device that can be used to measure distance as
well as velocity of an object.
Ultrasonic Sensor

21.  Using the time of flight of the sound wave an Ultrasonic sensor can
measure the distance of the object .
 The Doppler Shift Property of the sound wave is used to measure the
velocity of an object.
Applications

22.  Arduino Uno
 Ultrasonic Sensor HC-SR04
 16X2 LCD Display
 10KΩ POT
Hardware Required

23. Ultrasonic Sensor interfacing with Arduino
Circuit

24. Ultrasonic sensor interfacing with STM32
Board

25.  A Light Sensor is a device that detects the intensity of the light incident
on it
 Different types of light sensors are Light Dependent Resistors, Photo
Diodes, Photo Transistors
Light Sensor

26.  Used in Automatic switching appliances up on detecting light, security
systems
 Used in Alarm
 It can be also used in Cupboards or wardrobes.
Applications

27. Light Sensor interfacing with Arduino
Circuit

28.  Arduino UNO
 Light Dependent Resistor (LDR)
 100 KΩ POT
 Buzzer
Hardware Required

29. Light Sensor interfacing with STM32 Circuit

30.  Flame Sensors, Smoke Sensors , Fire Alarms are part of a safety
equipment that help us to keeping homes, offices and stores safe from
fire accidents.
Flame Sensor

31.  Components Required
 Arduino UNO
 Flame Sensor
 2N2222 NPN Transistor (or BC548)
 5V Buzzer
 1N4007 PN Junction Diode
 1KΩ Resistor
 Connecting Wires
 Mini Breadboard
 Power Supply
Hardware Required

32. Flame Sensor interfacing with Arduino
Circuit

33. Flame Sensor interfacing with STM32
Circuit

34.  The pulse sensor we are going to use is a plug and play heart rate sensor.
 This sensor is quite easy to use and operate, Place your finger on the top
of the sensor and it will sense the heartbeat by measuring the change in
light from the expansion of capillary blood vessels.
Pulse Sensor

35. Pulse Sensor
The pulse sensor has three pins which are as described below:
•GND: Ground Pin
•VCC: 5V or 3V Pin
•A0: Analog Pin

36. Pulse Sensor interfacing with Arduino
Circuit

37. Pulse Sensor interfacing with STM32
Circuit

38.  Soil moisture is basically the content of water present in the soil
Soil Moisture Sensor

39. Soil Moisture Sensor interfacing with
Arduino
Circuit

40. Soil Moisture Sensor interfacing with STM32
Circuit

41.  The vibration sensor is called a piezoelectric sensor.
 This sensor uses the piezoelectric effects while measuring the changes
within acceleration, pressure, temperature force other wise strain by
changing to an electrical charge.
Vibration Sensor.

42. Vibration Sensor interfacing with Arduino
Circuit

43. Vibration Sensor interfacing with STM32
Circuit

44.  These color sensor can detect a wide variety of colors based on their
wavelength.
 This sensor is specially use full for color recognition projects such as
colour matching, color sorting, test strip reading and much more.
Color Sensor (TCS230/TCS3200 Color Sensor)

45. Color Sensor interfacing with Arduino
Circuit

46. Color Sensor interfacing with STM32F4
Circuit

47.  A Flex sensor is used to measure how much an object bends.
 A flex sensor can be a conductive ink-based , fibre-optic or capacitive.
 A conductive ink-based flex sensor uses a conductive ink whose
resistance varies when bent.
Flex Sensor

48. Flex Sensor interfacing with Arduino
Circuit

49. Flex Sensor interfacing with STM32F4
Circuit