A market survey involves systematically collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data about existing or potential markets. It identifies the size and anticipated market share of a market, patterns of demand, market structure, buyer behaviors and motives, trends affecting related products, and unique selling propositions. The market survey process includes defining objectives, developing a sampling plan, creating a questionnaire, collecting and analyzing data, and reporting findings. Online surveys offer benefits like lower costs and automation but have limitations such as restricted sampling. Understanding a market through surveys can help businesses create new products and services tailored to consumer needs.