1. The document discusses the role of cyclin D1 in regulating cell cycle progression and its implications in tumor initiation, maintenance, progression and metastasis through altering cell adhesion, migration, redox balance and drug resistance.
2. Cyclin D1 disrupts redox balance by producing reactive oxygen species and regulates cell cycle progression from G1 to S phase.
3. It also regulates cell adhesion and migration by stabilizing F-actin fibers and enhancing chemotaxis and inflammation.
-Basic Concepts in Genetics
-What is Epigenetic?
-History of Epigenetic
-How do epigenetics work?
-Epigenetics and the Environment
-Epigenetic Inheritance
-Epigenetics in Psychiatry
Introduction to Cancer
Stem cells and cancer cells
major pathways that lead to formation of tumors.
Tumor Supressors
Colon cancer to prove Knudson hypothesis.
The modern treatments available to treat cancer.
Epigenetic Changes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) .dr_ekbalabohashem
The presentation illustrates the role of epigenetic mechanisms in HCC development .De in therapy scription of the role of DNA methylation ,histone modifications,and miRNA in etiopathogenesis of the disease is provided,together with the possible use in therapy .
This presentation on Epigenetics is most advanced and evidence based one. Its Very helpful for Genetics students and research fellows, Reproductive Medicine specialist, Reproductive Biologist, Infertility practitioners
In principle, anti-growth signals can prevent cell proliferation by several complementary mechanisms.
The signal may cause dividing cells to enter G0, where they remain until external cues prod their re-entry into the proliferative pool.
Alternatively, the cells may enter a postmitotic, differentiated pool and lose replicative potential.
Non-replicative senescence, is another mechanism of escape from sustained cell growth.
And, as a last-ditch effort, the cells may be programmed for death by apoptosis.
Therefore, tumor suppressor genes have all these “tricks” in their toolbox designed to halt wayward cells from becoming malignant.
-Basic Concepts in Genetics
-What is Epigenetic?
-History of Epigenetic
-How do epigenetics work?
-Epigenetics and the Environment
-Epigenetic Inheritance
-Epigenetics in Psychiatry
Introduction to Cancer
Stem cells and cancer cells
major pathways that lead to formation of tumors.
Tumor Supressors
Colon cancer to prove Knudson hypothesis.
The modern treatments available to treat cancer.
Epigenetic Changes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) .dr_ekbalabohashem
The presentation illustrates the role of epigenetic mechanisms in HCC development .De in therapy scription of the role of DNA methylation ,histone modifications,and miRNA in etiopathogenesis of the disease is provided,together with the possible use in therapy .
This presentation on Epigenetics is most advanced and evidence based one. Its Very helpful for Genetics students and research fellows, Reproductive Medicine specialist, Reproductive Biologist, Infertility practitioners
In principle, anti-growth signals can prevent cell proliferation by several complementary mechanisms.
The signal may cause dividing cells to enter G0, where they remain until external cues prod their re-entry into the proliferative pool.
Alternatively, the cells may enter a postmitotic, differentiated pool and lose replicative potential.
Non-replicative senescence, is another mechanism of escape from sustained cell growth.
And, as a last-ditch effort, the cells may be programmed for death by apoptosis.
Therefore, tumor suppressor genes have all these “tricks” in their toolbox designed to halt wayward cells from becoming malignant.
Cancer is mainly caused by the conversion of proto-oncogenes into oncogenes. The process is known as oncogenesis.
This slide will help to get an idea about oncogenesis and also the proto-oncogenes which get converted.
Proteomics Exploration of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia_Crimson PublishersCrimsonpublishersCancer
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) is an adult heme malignancy characterized by the presence of mature-appearing CD5+ B cells in the blood, bone marrow, and secondary lymphoid organs [1]. In the United States, there will be an estimate of 20,720 new cases and 3,930 deaths according to the American Cancer Society statistics. Symptoms include swollen lymph nodes, frequent infections, and fatigue which negatively impacts the quality of life of people affected [1]. CLL is heterogeneous in its progression and clinical outcomes. Factors that contribute to the heterogeneity include the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGHV) status and chromosomal aberrations [2,3]. There are two subtypes of CLL: Unmutated(U-CLL) and Mutated CLL(M-CLL). 40% and 60% of patients are diagnosed with unmutated and mutated CLL. U-CLL is characterized by the presence of CLL cells that have less than two percent of their IGHV mutated, whereas M-CLL cells have more than two percent mutated [4]. U-CLL is the more aggressive phenotype [2]. These cells have increased responsiveness to antigens that bind the B cell receptor (BCR) versus M-CLL cells [5]. M-CLL is the more indolent phenotype. Increased BCR signaling results in increased cell survival and proliferation [5].
Role of notch signalling in deveopment, cancer development and its detailed cancer cell line study for purpose of detailed targetted molecular therapeutics
8. Biology and characterization of cultured cellsShailendra shera
Immediate environment and environment of surrounding medium governs the various properties of cell. The in vitro condition markedly affects the cellular property of cultured cells. For e.g. Reduction in Cell–cell and cell-material interaction. Therefore, it is imperative to develop understanding of biology of cells in response to various environmental conditions. Characterization of cells helps to identify the origin, purity and authenticity of cells and cell lines.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvementIshaGoswami9
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Salas, V. (2024) "John of St. Thomas (Poinsot) on the Science of Sacred Theol...Studia Poinsotiana
I Introduction
II Subalternation and Theology
III Theology and Dogmatic Declarations
IV The Mixed Principles of Theology
V Virtual Revelation: The Unity of Theology
VI Theology as a Natural Science
VII Theology’s Certitude
VIII Conclusion
Notes
Bibliography
All the contents are fully attributable to the author, Doctor Victor Salas. Should you wish to get this text republished, get in touch with the author or the editorial committee of the Studia Poinsotiana. Insofar as possible, we will be happy to broker your contact.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
Toxic effects of heavy metals : Lead and Arsenicsanjana502982
Heavy metals are naturally occuring metallic chemical elements that have relatively high density, and are toxic at even low concentrations. All toxic metals are termed as heavy metals irrespective of their atomic mass and density, eg. arsenic, lead, mercury, cadmium, thallium, chromium, etc.
2. CYCLIN D1
• What is it?
It’s a protein that regulates the progression through the G1 phase and
the G1 to S phase transition of the cell cycle.
• Function
It regulates the cell cycle by altering the transcription of genes that
control adhesion and migration.
• Reactions
• ⇧cell adhesion to stromal cells and fibronectin.
• Stabilizes F-actin fiber.
• Enhances chemotaxis and inflammatory chemokine secretion.
• Disrupts the redox balance by producing reactive oxygen species.
• Important for tumor initiation, maintenance, progression and
metastasis.
3. REDOX STATUS
• What is it?
It’s the balance between oxidants (or pro-oxidants)
and antioxidants.
Oxidants, including free radicals and other reactive
species, are continuously produced in the cell.
As it is impossible to completely prevent oxidant
production, several antioxidant systems have evolved
in the cell. In order to maintain a healthy status,
oxidants and antioxidants should be in equilibrium.
• Interactions
Oxidation is loss of electrons.
Reduction is gain of electrons.
4. ADHESION AND MIGRATION
→ ADHESION: the process of cells
assembling together in organized
and distinctive patterns to a surface
and, along with their connections to
the internal cytoskeleton through
cell adhesion molecules, it
determines the overall architecture
of the tissue.
→ MIGRATION: movement of cells of
different lineages over short and
long distances throughout the body
mainly during embryonic stage,
wound healing and immune
responses.
5. DRUG RESISTANCE
• What is it?
The reduction in effectiveness of a drug such as
antimicrobial, anthelmintic or antineoplastic in curing
a disease or condition, it’s a consequence of
evolution.
→ Inherent properties, such as genetic characteristics.
→ Acquired resistance after drug exposure.
6. MULTIPLE MYELOMA
• What is it?
It’s an incurable hemopathy
characterized by the
accumulation of clonal plasma
cells within the bone marrow
and the overproduction of
monoclonal immunoglobulin.
Clinical signs:
• Recurrent infections
• Immunodeficiency
• Renal failure
• Bone lesions
7. Bone
Marrow
Cells
Cellular
cycle
G1 to S
Phase
By Cycling
D1
Redox
unbalance
☝Cell
adhesión
and
migration
Stabilize F
actin fiber
Enhance
chemotaxis
and
inflammation
TUMOR:
initiation,
maintenance,
progression,
metastasis
Multiple
Myeloma
IT ALL DEPENDS
ON DRUG
RESISTENCE
8. OBJECTIVE
The objective of this article is to uncover the
functional implication of cyclin D1 in cells
microenvironment and in the development of multiple
myeloma pathogenesis
9. METODOS
CITOMETRÍA DE FLUJO
→ Fundamento: analiza una población celular según
parámetros como el tamaño celular, medidas de
epítopes (CD) o mecanismos de fluido de membrana.
→ Principio: suspensión de cells en sln isotónica →
Pequeño orificio: fila india → Se hace incidir un haz de
luz láser → Análisis de dispersión y reflexión.
10. WESTERN BLOT
→ Fundamento: detecta proteinas específicas en una
muestra.
→ Principio: proteínas separadas por electroforesis en
gel según tamaño (SDS-PAGE poliacrilámida gel) →
Filtro: incubación con anticuerpos → Identificación de
rxn.
11. MICROSCOPIA CONFOCAL
→ Fundamento: a través de la microscopía de
fluorescencia permite obtener imágenes
tridimensionales de células y tejidos complejos, se
apoya en la computación y los métodos electrónicos.
→ Principio: cortes ópticos finos de la muestra →
eliminación de la luz → reconstrucción tridimensional.
12. MTS ensayo
→ Fundamento: Ensayo de citotoxicidad colorimétrico
basado en la reduccion de Bromuro de 3-(4,5-
dimetiltiazol-2-ilo)-2,5-difeniltetrazol (MTT)
permitiendo medir la supervivencia y la proliferación
celular ademas de la citotoxicidad de potenciales
agentes terapéuticos.
→ Principio: Proceso realizado por la enzima
mitocondrial succinato deshidrogenasa que transforma
un compuesto amarillo (MTT/hidrofilico) en uno azul
(formazan/hidrofobico)
13. RT- PCR
→Fundamento:
Generación de gran
cantidad de DNA
(amplificación) por el
uso de una
transcriptasa inversa.
→Principio: Uso de una
hebra de RNA junto a
la transcriptasa inversa
para formar DNA .
17. Author Discussion Agreement
Kawano Y, Moschetta M,
Manier S, Glavey S, Görgün
GT, Roccaro AM, Anderson KC,
Ghobrial IM, Neri P, Ren L,
Azab AK, Brentnall M, Gratton
K, Klimowicz AC, Lin C,
Duggan P, Tassone P, Mansoor
A, Stewart DA, Boise LH,
Ghobrial IM, et al
MM is characterized by the
development of plasma tumor
cells that dynamically and
bidirectionally interact with their
bone marrow microenvironment.
The genetic and phenotypic
heterogeneity of MM may
consequently operate at the level
of tumor cell/tumor
microenvironment interactions.
✔
Neumeister P, Pixley FJ, Xiong
Y, Xie H, Wu K, Ashton A,
Cammer M, Chan A, Symons M,
Stanley ER, Pestell RG. Zhong
Z, Yeow WS, Zou C, Wassell R,
Wang C, Pestell RG, Quong JN,
Quong AAMeng H, Tian L, Zhou
J, Li Z, Jiao X, Li WW,
Plomann M, Lisanti MP, Wang
C, Pestell RG
Several studies have reported
that cyclin D1 controls cell
adhesion and migration of various
cell types and tumors and,
consequently, their metastatic
potential.
✔
18. Author Discussion Agreement
Goel A, Spitz DR, weiner
GJ. Manipulation of
cellular
redox parameters for
improving therapeutic
responses in
B-cell lymphoma and
multiple myeloma. J Cell
Biochem.
2012, 113:419–425
Myeloma cell death can be achieved
through the generation of ROS that
follows ER stress and UPR activation.
X
Cahu J, Bustany S, Sola B.
Senescence-associated
secretory
phenotype favors the
emergence of cancer
stem-like cells.
Cell Death Disease. 2012;
3:e446.
The common response of MM
cells exposed to X-irradiation, DNA
damaging agents, or
constitutive cyclin D1 expression is
ROS generation.
✓
19. CONCLUSION
1. Although the study only analyzed the action
of the Cyclin D1 in the parental line with
multiple myeloma, it is known that the
protein also took importance in other
pathogenesis with other response of the
expression itself, it required further
studies.
2. Cyclin D1 is an important tool because it
increases the sensibility to acute
treatments for multiple myeloma.
20. CONCLUSION
3. The redox state resulting from the
presence of cyclin D1 is necessary for the
EKR ½ pathway.
4. The Cyclin D1 has a close relationship
with the inflammatory response by the
production of cytokines such as IL8,
increases cell adhesion and promotes cell
migration.
21.
22.
23. BIBLIOGRAFÍA
• Cyclin D1 unbalances the redox status controlling cell adhesion, migration,
and drug resistance in myeloma cells. Sophie Bustany, Jérôme Bourgeais,
Guergana Tchakarska, Simon Body, Olivier Hérault, Fabrice Gouilleux,
Brigitte Sola.(07 de June de 2016). Oncotarget.-Obtenido de
http://www.impactjournals.com/oncotarget/index.php?journal=oncotarge
t&page=article&op=view&path[]=9901&pubmed-linkout=1
• Redox Status. Pedro Tauler Riera (05 February 2016) Obtenido de:
http://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007%2F978-3-540-
29807-6_167
• LA MICROSCOPÍA: HERRAMIENTA PARA ESTUDIAR CÉLULAS Y TEJIDOS.
Obtenido de:
http://www.medic.ula.ve/histologia/anexos/microscopweb/MONOWEB/ini
cio.htm.
24. BIBLIOGRAFÍA
• PRUEBAS DE TAMIZAJE PARA DETERMINAR EFECTOS CITOTÓXICOS EN
EXTRACTOS, FRACCIONES Ó SUSTANCIAS, UTILIZANDO LA PRUEBA DEL
MTT. Clemencia Castro de Prado. Diembre 1 de 2006. Obtenido de:
http://old.iupac.org/publications/cd/medicinal_chemistry/Practica-
IV-2.pdf
• The Basics: RT-PCR. Subbu Dharmaraj, MS. 2016. Obtenido de:
https://www.thermofisher.com/co/en/home/references/ambion-
tech-support/rtpcr-analysis/general-articles/rt--pcr-the-basics.html.
• Cell-Cell Adhesion and Communication. Molecular Cell Biology. 4th
edition. 2000. W. H. Freeman and Company. Obtenido de:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK21599/.
• Cell Biology of Embryonic Migration. Satoshi Kurosaka and Anna
Kashina. 2009 Jun 1. Obtenido de:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2542983/