Santiago Zapata Rivera y Manuela Zuluaga Marín Tercer semestre Medicina UPB

1. Santiago Zapata Rivera
Manuela Zuluaga Marín
Semester lll
Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana

2. Introduction
● Stem cells are undifferentiated or partially
differentiated cells that can differentiate into
various types of specialized cells.
● Stem cells help us understand what happen in
different types of diseases and are important
as therapy, to replace lost or damaged cells
that our bodies can’t replace naturally.
Stem Cells

3. Introduction
● Sox 9 protein, is a factor transcription located in the long arm of
chromosome 1
● The expression of sox9 induces the differentiation of stem cells
● This study focused on differentiating (ASCs) into functional
chondrocytes
● it was used a molecule that regulated the expression of Sox9 as
a key factor in cartilage development and then explored its ability
to treat OA.(ELPC)
Sox 9

4. General Objetive
Is to induce the optimal differentiation of ASCs into mature chondrocytes
using a new small molecule-based method

5. Methods
● Its principle is the amplification of RNA through synthesis
of a DNA copy, using reverse transcriptase.
● In the test, PCR was used to determine the SOX9 mRNA
expression level, in ASC (adipose-derived stem cells) and
chondrocytes.
● The PCR product of the promoter region was cloned into
the pAcGFP1-1 vector.
RT-PCR

6. ● Western Blot is used to identify specific proteins in a blood or tissue sample
● The proteins from cellular extracts are separated by gel electrophoresis according to their size by
means of the SDS-PAGE polyacrylamide gel technique.
● In this case, the western blot complements the RT-PCR test, showing the expression of Sox9
proteins.
Methods
Western blot

7. ELISA
● The ELISA test is a widely used technique to
measure antibodies, antigens, proteins and
glycoproteins in biological samples
● There are three types of ELISA that have in
common antigen and antibody reactions to
measure the product that is needed
● In this study was used to analyze protein
activities and concentrations of secreted
enzymes ADAMTS4 and ADAMTS5.
Methods

8. Methods
Immunofluorescence
● It is used for the determination of proteins,
drugs and hormones by the binding of the
antibody to a molecule of fluorochrome.
● In his study was used to observed the
expression of GFP in ASCs with Sox9
GFP-promoter vector
● The relative Sox9 expression was analyzed
based on the overexpression of GFP under
the treatment of small molecules

9. Results

10. Results

11. Results

12. Results

13. Discussion
Author What the author said Agree or disagree
Auclair, C. In cancer,
ELPC has been used as a drug
to induce cell death
because it inhibits the enzyme
topoisomerase II via intercalative
binding to DNA.
✅
Xu, G. Another study also demonstrated
that ELPC recovered the
transcriptional function of mutant
p53.
✅
Li, M. & Lin, T. & Lin, Y. Recent studies have confirmed
that p53 regulates the
differentiation of embryonic stem
cells and induces
pluripotent stem cells in
response to genomic damage
✅

14. ● With the help of molecular biology, the factors involved in the process of
chondrogenesis can be observed, to investigate the differences between normal and
pathological processes that induce osteoarthritis.
● Study results indicate that ELPC is a new chondrocyte differentiation-inducing drug
that shows potential as a cellular therapy for osteoarthritis in a future.
● Thanks to this new studies, it is known that some of the problems that impeded the
advance of researchs in the treatment of osteoarthritis caused by hypertrophic
chondrocytes when differentiated from stem cells, can be corrected.
Conclusions

15. Conceptual Map
SANTIAGO ZAPATA RIVERA

16. Conceptual Map
MANUELA ZULUAGA MARÍN