Seminar 16 introduction to equity
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This document provides an introduction to the topic of equity for a law seminar. It includes a reading from Glanville Williams on the differences between common law and equity. It lists two cases to read, Central London Property Trust Ltd v High Trees House Ltd from 1947 and Combe v Combe from 1951. It then provides two hypothetical scenarios as consolidation questions. The first involves a delayed construction contract and whether liquidated damages can be deducted. The second asks about the doctrine of frustration and promissory estoppel. Learning outcomes cover understanding equity and equitable remedies, promissory estoppel, applying the facts and judgment of Central London Property Trust, and analyzing cases and hypothetical scenarios.
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This document provides an introduction to the topic of equity for a lecture on foundation law. It includes a reading list and two case studies: Central London Property Trust Ltd v High Trees House Ltd (1947) and Combe v Combe (1951). The learning outcomes are to understand what equity is and how it interacts with common law, describe equitable remedies, explain the doctrine of promissory estoppel and that estoppel is a "shield and not a sword", outline the facts and judgment in Central London Property Trust Ltd, and analyze case law and apply legal principles. Preparatory questions are provided to discuss the definition of equity, specific performance, and promissory estoppel using relevant case law.
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The document discusses the legal requirements and rules surrounding contract consideration. It defines consideration as requiring that both parties to a contract provide or promise something of value to each other. Consideration must not be past, must be sufficient though not necessarily adequate, and must move from the promisee. There are exceptions to these rules, such as previous requests creating consideration or part payment of debts under certain circumstances. The document outlines numerous other specific rules and exceptions governing what can and cannot constitute valid consideration in a contract.
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The document discusses the legal requirements and rules surrounding contract consideration. It defines consideration as requiring that both parties to a contract provide or promise something of value to each other. Consideration must not be past, must be sufficient though not necessarily adequate, and must move from the promisee. There are exceptions to these rules, such as previous requests creating consideration or part payment of debts under certain circumstances. The document outlines numerous other specific rules and exceptions governing what can and cannot constitute valid consideration in a contract.
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Consideration is a key element of a valid contract. It requires that both parties provide something of value - such as a promise to do something or forbear from doing something. Consideration must not be past, must be sufficient though not necessarily adequate, and must move from the promisee. Part payment of a debt generally does not constitute valid consideration, though there are exceptions such as when a third party makes the payment. The doctrine of promissory estoppel can also make a promise binding in some situations where consideration is lacking, if the promise was intended to be acted upon and it would be inequitable to allow the promisor to revert to their strict legal rights.
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Law and ethics 4 contractual capacity, consideration and contents
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Pob stage 2 topic 12 introduction to contract law seminar 29 slides ole
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The Universal Declaration of Human Rights proclaims 30 articles outlining fundamental human rights that all people should universally enjoy. It recognizes that the inherent dignity and equal rights of all people are the foundation of freedom, justice and peace. The Declaration establishes rights such as the right to life, liberty, security, equal treatment, and freedom from discrimination on the basis of things like race or religion. It also covers rights relating to work, social security, education, participation in government, and cultural life. The goal of the Declaration is to have its principles achieved worldwide for all individuals and societies.
C2 st lecture 6 handout
The document discusses integration, which is the reverse process of differentiation. It provides formulas for integrating polynomial expressions like xn and axn and explains how to find the constant of integration C. Examples are given for integrating expressions and finding the area under a curve by integrating between limits of integration.
C2 st lecture 5 handout
1) The document discusses graph transformations of functions including shifting curves vertically or horizontally, reflecting in the x-axis or y-axis, and stretching or compressing graphs.
2) It provides examples of how to sketch the graph of a function after a transformation based on the original function and explains how to write the equation of a transformed curve.
3) The second half discusses using graphs to solve economics problems like finding the equilibrium price and quantity in a market with a demand and supply function. It also shows how a tax changes the supply curve.
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This document provides an overview of the key topics covered in Lecture 4, including:
1. How to sketch quadratic and cubic curves by finding intercepts and stationary points.
2. How to use the second derivative to determine if a stationary point is a maximum, minimum, or point of inflection.
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This document provides an overview of the topics covered in Lecture 3 of a Calculus I course, including:
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- Differentiating polynomial expressions and finding the gradient of a curve at a given point
- Key terms like function, polynomial, curve, tangent, and derivative
- Examples of using trial and improvement to find solutions between values and determining points where the gradient of a curve is zero
C2 st lecture 2 handout
This document provides a summary of lecture 2 on quadratic equations and straight lines. It covers how to factorize, complete the square, and use the quadratic formula to solve quadratic equations. It also discusses how to find the equation of a straight line given its gradient and y-intercept, or two points on the line. Additionally, it explains how to sketch lines, find the midpoint and distance between two points. Key terms defined include quadratic, surd, gradient, and intercept. Methods demonstrated include solving quadratic equations, finding lines from gradient/point and two points, and calculating midpoints and distances on a graph.
C2 st lecture 8 pythagoras and trigonometry handout
This document provides an overview of Pythagoras' theorem, trigonometric ratios, and formulas for working with triangles. It defines different types of triangles, introduces Pythagoras' theorem, and provides examples of using it to find missing sides of right triangles. It also defines the sine, cosine, and tangent ratios and includes examples of using trigonometric functions to find angles and sides. Finally, it presents the sine rule, cosine rule, and formulas for finding the area of various triangles.
C2 st lecture 9 probability handout
The document discusses probability and related concepts:
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C2 st lecture 10 basic statistics and the z test handout
This document provides an overview of basic statistics concepts including averages, measures of dispersion, hypothesis testing, and the z-test. It defines the mode, median, mean, interquartile range, standard deviation, and absolute deviation. It explains how to perform a z-test including writing the null and alternative hypotheses, looking up the critical value, calculating the test statistic, and making a decision. Two examples of z-tests are provided to demonstrate the process.
C2 st lecture 11 the t-test handout
1. The document discusses hypothesis testing using the Z-test and T-test. It provides examples and explanations of key concepts for performing a Z-test or T-test, including defining the null and alternative hypotheses, determining critical values, calculating test statistics, and making conclusions.
2. The examples demonstrate how to perform a T-test on sample data, including calculating the sample mean and standard deviation, determining degrees of freedom, finding the critical value, computing the test statistic, and determining whether to reject the null hypothesis.
3. The document emphasizes the differences between a Z-test and T-test, notably that a Z-test is used for large samples where the population standard deviation is known, while a
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