This document discusses research on the risk of fractures from inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) use. It finds that studies without extensive adjustment for respiratory disease severity show a positive association between ICS use and fracture risk, but studies that adjust for indicators of disease severity find no significantly increased risk. The study presented used a large UK database to quantify bronchodilator exposure and adjust for multiple severity indicators, finding no increased risk of hip or vertebral fractures with higher ICS doses after adjustment. While RCTs are limited, observational studies that stratify by disease severity adjustment provide evidence against a true positive association between ICS use and fractures.
This document discusses research on the risk of fractures from inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) use. It finds that studies without extensive adjustment for respiratory disease severity show a positive association between ICS use and fracture risk, but studies that adjust for indicators of disease severity find no significantly increased risk. The study presented used a large UK database to quantify bronchodilator exposure and adjust for multiple severity indicators, finding no increased risk of hip or vertebral fractures with higher ICS doses after adjustment. While RCTs are limited, observational studies that stratify by disease severity adjustment provide evidence against a true positive association between ICS use and fractures.
IWO Meeting 1 November 2023 - Stopping with Denosumab and Romosozumab, basic mechanisms and clinical aspects door Prof. dr. S. Ferrari, Geneva, Switzerland. (Engelstalige lezing)
1) DXA scanning is a reliable and low-radiation method to measure bone mineral density (BMD) at the lumbar spine, hip, and wrist to diagnose osteoporosis.
2) DXA can also detect vertebral fractures (VFA) and measure whole body composition, abdominal fat, and aortic calcification.
3) Interpretation of DXA results requires attention to potential variability between devices, accurate placement of regions of interest, and use of appropriate reference data since BMD can be under or overestimated in certain patients.
This document summarizes osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) associated with antiresorptive agents. It defines ONJ and stages its severity. It discusses the pathogenesis of ONJ and risk factors like underlying disease, treatment duration, and dental procedures. Cancer patients on intravenous bisphosphonates have the highest ONJ risk of 1-8% due to higher drug doses and worse oral/general health. Management involves conservative measures like mouthwashes for early stages and surgery with antibiotics for later stages. Discontinuing antiresorptives may help healing but risks fractures. Teriparatide may help healing in some cases but its use in cancer is uncertain. More research is needed on preventing and treating established ON
This systematic review analyzed 895 cases of tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) from case reports. TIO is caused by tumors that produce excess fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), which causes hypophosphatemia and osteomalacia. The review found that TIO mostly affects adults aged 40-60 years old, with long diagnostic delays of several years on average. The tumors were located variably but most commonly in the lower limbs or head and neck region. Higher FGF23 levels correlated with larger tumor size. Patients experienced significant bone fragility and fracture rates as high as 60% due to long-term hypophosphatemia. Early tumor detection and removal are important to improve outcomes for
This document discusses real-world evidence on denosumab for osteoporosis treatment and fracture prevention. It summarizes several studies, including one that found denosumab reduced fracture risk by 38% compared to placebo in over 25,000 postmenopausal women. Another study showed good long-term persistence with denosumab therapy in over 800 patients. Additional studies observed that zoledronic acid can prevent bone loss following denosumab discontinuation, and bisphosphonate treatment after denosumab provides protection against new vertebral fractures.
IWO Meeting 16 November 2022 - ASBMR young talent: Silvia Storoni (Amsterdam): Prevalence and Hospital Admissions in Patients With Osteogenesis Imperfecta in The Netherlands: A Nationwide Registry Study
The document appears to be a presentation on highlights from the ASBMR 2021 conference in San Diego. It discusses several topics that were covered at the conference, including fracture risk assessment, the effects of various osteoporosis treatments on bone mineral density, safety issues like osteonecrosis of the jaw and atypical femoral fractures, the role of vitamin D, and applications of artificial intelligence. The entire document is copyrighted by Prof. Dr. Joop van den Bergh.
This document discusses guidelines for medication to prevent fractures in patients using glucocorticoids. It notes that glucocorticoids significantly increase the risk of vertebral and non-vertebral fractures. While effective anti-osteoporosis drugs are available, many glucocorticoid-treated patients remain untreated. The document reviews new guidelines that simplify treatment criteria to improve implementation and outlines recommendations for when to start bone-sparing medications based on patient factors and glucocorticoid dose and duration. The goal is to optimize fracture prevention in glucocorticoid-treated patients.
This document discusses what actions should be taken when a vertebral fracture is discovered incidentally. It notes that vertebral fractures are very common fractures, especially in older individuals, and are often asymptomatic. Having a vertebral fracture significantly increases one's risk for future fractures both in the short and long term. If a vertebral fracture is found incidentally, such as on a CT scan, further investigation is warranted including assessing bone mineral density and checking for underlying bone diseases. Treatment options should also be considered, especially if the individual has low bone density in addition to the vertebral fracture, as this combination confers the highest risk. New automated detection algorithms aim to help identify vertebral fractures on scans to ensure appropriate follow up for individuals.
This document summarizes a cost-effectiveness model of Fracture Liaison Services (FLS) care in the Netherlands. The model found that FLS care would be highly cost-effective, with a cost of €9,076 per quality-adjusted life year gained. Total 5-year costs with FLS would be only 1.7% higher than current costs but would prevent fractures and improve health outcomes. The model can help decision-makers prioritize secondary fracture prevention and allow local payers and FLS to predict costs and benefits of implementation.
More Related Content
More from Stichting Interdisciplinaire Werkgroep Osteoporose
IWO Meeting 1 November 2023 - Stopping with Denosumab and Romosozumab, basic mechanisms and clinical aspects door Prof. dr. S. Ferrari, Geneva, Switzerland. (Engelstalige lezing)
1) DXA scanning is a reliable and low-radiation method to measure bone mineral density (BMD) at the lumbar spine, hip, and wrist to diagnose osteoporosis.
2) DXA can also detect vertebral fractures (VFA) and measure whole body composition, abdominal fat, and aortic calcification.
3) Interpretation of DXA results requires attention to potential variability between devices, accurate placement of regions of interest, and use of appropriate reference data since BMD can be under or overestimated in certain patients.
This document summarizes osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) associated with antiresorptive agents. It defines ONJ and stages its severity. It discusses the pathogenesis of ONJ and risk factors like underlying disease, treatment duration, and dental procedures. Cancer patients on intravenous bisphosphonates have the highest ONJ risk of 1-8% due to higher drug doses and worse oral/general health. Management involves conservative measures like mouthwashes for early stages and surgery with antibiotics for later stages. Discontinuing antiresorptives may help healing but risks fractures. Teriparatide may help healing in some cases but its use in cancer is uncertain. More research is needed on preventing and treating established ON
This systematic review analyzed 895 cases of tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) from case reports. TIO is caused by tumors that produce excess fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), which causes hypophosphatemia and osteomalacia. The review found that TIO mostly affects adults aged 40-60 years old, with long diagnostic delays of several years on average. The tumors were located variably but most commonly in the lower limbs or head and neck region. Higher FGF23 levels correlated with larger tumor size. Patients experienced significant bone fragility and fracture rates as high as 60% due to long-term hypophosphatemia. Early tumor detection and removal are important to improve outcomes for
This document discusses real-world evidence on denosumab for osteoporosis treatment and fracture prevention. It summarizes several studies, including one that found denosumab reduced fracture risk by 38% compared to placebo in over 25,000 postmenopausal women. Another study showed good long-term persistence with denosumab therapy in over 800 patients. Additional studies observed that zoledronic acid can prevent bone loss following denosumab discontinuation, and bisphosphonate treatment after denosumab provides protection against new vertebral fractures.
IWO Meeting 16 November 2022 - ASBMR young talent: Silvia Storoni (Amsterdam): Prevalence and Hospital Admissions in Patients With Osteogenesis Imperfecta in The Netherlands: A Nationwide Registry Study
The document appears to be a presentation on highlights from the ASBMR 2021 conference in San Diego. It discusses several topics that were covered at the conference, including fracture risk assessment, the effects of various osteoporosis treatments on bone mineral density, safety issues like osteonecrosis of the jaw and atypical femoral fractures, the role of vitamin D, and applications of artificial intelligence. The entire document is copyrighted by Prof. Dr. Joop van den Bergh.
This document discusses guidelines for medication to prevent fractures in patients using glucocorticoids. It notes that glucocorticoids significantly increase the risk of vertebral and non-vertebral fractures. While effective anti-osteoporosis drugs are available, many glucocorticoid-treated patients remain untreated. The document reviews new guidelines that simplify treatment criteria to improve implementation and outlines recommendations for when to start bone-sparing medications based on patient factors and glucocorticoid dose and duration. The goal is to optimize fracture prevention in glucocorticoid-treated patients.
This document discusses what actions should be taken when a vertebral fracture is discovered incidentally. It notes that vertebral fractures are very common fractures, especially in older individuals, and are often asymptomatic. Having a vertebral fracture significantly increases one's risk for future fractures both in the short and long term. If a vertebral fracture is found incidentally, such as on a CT scan, further investigation is warranted including assessing bone mineral density and checking for underlying bone diseases. Treatment options should also be considered, especially if the individual has low bone density in addition to the vertebral fracture, as this combination confers the highest risk. New automated detection algorithms aim to help identify vertebral fractures on scans to ensure appropriate follow up for individuals.
This document summarizes a cost-effectiveness model of Fracture Liaison Services (FLS) care in the Netherlands. The model found that FLS care would be highly cost-effective, with a cost of €9,076 per quality-adjusted life year gained. Total 5-year costs with FLS would be only 1.7% higher than current costs but would prevent fractures and improve health outcomes. The model can help decision-makers prioritize secondary fracture prevention and allow local payers and FLS to predict costs and benefits of implementation.
More from Stichting Interdisciplinaire Werkgroep Osteoporose (20)
2. Hoe groot is het probleem??
In Europese Unie
280 000 000 inwoners
1 500 000 cardiovasculaire sterftes / jaar
700,000 sterftes / jaar wegens coronairlijden
350,000 plotse sterftes / jaar
Reanimatie pogingen in 40 – 90 /100 000 inwoners /jaar
3. Prognose
Mortaliteit is in het algemeen hoog, slechts 25% bereiken het zkh.
- “Restoration Of Spontaneous Circulation” (ROSC) in 25–50%
- Overleving +/- 10% (Range 2 tot 33%).
- Noemenswaardig neurologisch herstel 10-30% van survivors
- Ziekenhuis ontslag in 2-12%
Hersenschade is de grootste oorzaak van sterfte in het ziekenhuis.
11. Cerebraal
Zwelling en microvasculaire schade compromiteren perfusie
zelfs als BD normaal.
Hoofd 30
o
omhoog om veneuze drainage te faciliteren.
Voorzichtig met uitzuigen (dramatische verhoging van
intracraniale druk).
13. Neurologische prognose
CPR geeft op het meest 20% van een normale
cardiac output.
Persisterende arrest >20 min heeft een zeer slechte
neurologische prognose.
Tijd tot herstel van neurologische functies geeft een
idee van de prognose.
Spraak binnen 24 uur gaat gepaard met volledige
herstel.
14. Neurologische prognose
Insulten op enig moment gaat gepaard met een slechte
prognose.
SSEP (somatosensory evoked potentials) na 24 uur zijn
voorspellend (nog beter na 72 uur). Afwezigheid van corticale
signalen voorspelt mortaliteit 100%
Serum markers van cerebrale eiwitten ook voorspellend (nog
niet in algemeen gebruik).
15. Neurologische prognose
Hersendood vs decorticaat.
Afwezigheid van pupil en corneale reflexen na 24 uur, en van
motorische respons na 72 uur gaan gepaard met een zeer
geringe kans op betekenisvolle neurologische herstel.
Soms is palliatieve zorg de beste zorg.
17. Voorkomen van herhaling
Hangt af van oorzaak.
Correctie van onderliggende pathologie (bv
electrolytenbalans).
In geval van cardiale oorzaak, inschatten van risico van
recidief (ventrikelfunctie post infarct, HOCM met pos
FA, LQTS ens.)
ICD of Antiarritmica.
Catheter ablatie.
18. Verbetering van reanimatie
BLS opleiding in scholen, bedrijven ens.
Betere responstijden van ambulancedienst.
AECD’s in publieke plaatsen (& thuis??)
19. Studie opdracht
Schrijf een ziekenhuis protocol voor de opvang, behandeling
en beeindiging van de behandeling.
Bedenk en onderbouw met literatuurverwijzingen welke
werkwijze en therapie de beste resultaten zal geven voor :
De patient
Het ziekenhuis
De arts
De zorgverzekeraar