teknologi reproduksi

1. Universitas
Sumatera Utara
Tuesday, February 20, 2024 Dian Tria, M.Si.
Course:
Reproduction
Technology
1st meeting:
Semen collection and
evaluation

2. Dian Tria, M.Si.
Universitas
Sumatera Utara
Semester Learning Plan:
2/31
Meetings Material of Study
1 semen collection and evaluation
2 Processing semen and semen extender
3 Semen cryopreservation
4 Sperm sexing
5 Sperm sexing technology
6 Manipulation and synchronization of
estrous
7 History of AI dan ET in Indonesia
8 Mid-test
Meetings Material of Study
9 Insemination in poultry
10 Insemination in ruminant
11 Embryo cryopreservation and
manipulation
12 Embryo Transfer
13 Pregnancy assessment technology for
animals
14 Technology of birth process in livestock
15 Evaluation of AI and ET programs
16 Final-test

3. Dian Tria, M.Si.
Universitas
Sumatera Utara
Reference Book:
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4. Dian Tria, M.Si.
Universitas
Sumatera Utara
Learning Outcomes:
• Able to apply logical, critical, systematic and innovative thinking through the
approach and implementation of animal science and technology by applying the
BINTANG characters.
• Able to identify, formulate and find solutions of problems related to the livestock
sector.
• Able to supervise and evaluate the completion of assigned work and be able to
manage learning independently throughout life.
• Able to develop, understand and apply a variety of the best techniques and
methods that combine relevant theory and practice with animal science
expertise.
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5. Dian Tria, M.Si.
Universitas
Sumatera Utara
Overview:
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6. Dian Tria, M.Si.
Universitas
Sumatera Utara
6/31
Semen Collection
Semen collection
methods:
• Artificial vagina (the
most common
method): bull, ram,
buck, boar, buffalo,
rabbit
• Electroejaculator:
stallion, bison, wild
animal
• Massage: rooster,
boar, dog
Buck, ram and boar: 7 months old
Bull: 7 months old Stallion: 24 months old
The age at when semen can 1st be collected:

7. Dian Tria, M.Si.
Universitas
Sumatera Utara
7/31
Artificial Vagina
An artificial vagina is a device used to
accommodate spermatozoa.
The tool will be conditioned like the original
vagina of the livestock.
Structure of this tool:
• The outer layer is made of plastic or rubber
• The inner layer is made of material such as
soft balloon material
• Channels where water and air enter
• Container sleeve; the tube is used to collect
sperm and is placed at the end of the sleeve

8. Dian Tria, M.Si.
Universitas
Sumatera Utara
8/31
Artificial Vagina
How to collect semen using artificial vagina:
• The artificial vagina is prepared properly, so that the temperature in the
artificial vagina reaches 40-45 °C
• Lubricate the inner layer with a little Vaseline, adjusting the pressure as
you go pump air into it and then install the semen collection tube
• Teasers are prepared first by placing them in the livestock crush
• The male that will be accommodated is cleaned first, especially the parts of
penis
• The male starts to be brought closer to the teaser
• Do false mounting 3-5 times
• Semen is collected

9. Dian Tria, M.Si.
Universitas
Sumatera Utara
9/31
Artificial Vagina
Advantages:
• Better quality of semen
• Easy to collect the semen
• The process of semen collection
quite fast
• The collected semen is clean
Disadvantages:
• Requires skill to carry out proper
handling and false mounting

10. Dian Tria, M.Si.
Universitas
Sumatera Utara
10/3
Artificial Vagina

11. Dian Tria, M.Si.
Universitas
Sumatera Utara
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Electroejaculator
The second option when animals are not trained enough to be accommodated with
artificial vagina.
The main difference with AV: the volume is twice but the density is half.
Stages for preparing semen collection using electroejaculator:
1. The male is tied in a livestock crush to minimize his movement
2. The preputium is washed and dried. The hair around the preputium can be shaved if it's
been long
3. The probe that has been given lubricant is inserted into the rectum slowly
4. Stimulation is carried out in stages; there are several types of electroejaculator and
patterns of stimulation depends on the type use
5. The ejaculate is generally collected in a collection tube

12. Dian Tria, M.Si.
Universitas
Sumatera Utara
12/3
Electroejaculator
Advantages:
• Solution when a male isn’t train
enough to be accommodated
with AV
• The amount of semen collection
is quite large
Disadvantages:
• The tool is quite expensive
• The density of the semen
collected by electroejaculator is
half of collection method using
VA

13. Dian Tria, M.Si.
Universitas
Sumatera Utara
13/3
Electroejaculator

14. Dian Tria, M.Si.
Universitas
Sumatera Utara
14/3
Massage
This method is rarely used because need a special skill and experience to
massage the ampullae through the rectum.
The hand enters the rectum and
massages the ampulla, and then
collects the semen with a funnel.
How to collect using massage method?
The corpus penis is pulled, then
the tip of the glans penis is
attached to an artificial vagina
that has been given gauze, then
the corpus of the penis is
massaged.
The corpus penis is
massaged, and then the
semen is collected.
Massage the area
around the cloaca, and
collect the semen with
a microtube.

15. Dian Tria, M.Si.
Universitas
Sumatera Utara
15/3
Massage
Advantages:
• Easy to do with several
livestock commodities such
as poultry
• One option when it cannot be
accommodated with an
artificial vagina
Disadvantages:
• Low quality of semen
• Potential contamination by
urine and bacteria

16. Dian Tria, M.Si.
Universitas
Sumatera Utara
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Massage

17. Dian Tria, M.Si.
Universitas
Sumatera Utara
17/3
Good Semen Collection
1. Shelter is available
2. Livestock crush is available
3. There is a rubber base so it is not slippery

18. Dian Tria, M.Si.
Universitas
Sumatera Utara
Semen Evaluation
Microscopic:
• Mass motility
• Individual motility
• Concentration of sperm
• Viability
• Abnormality
Macroscopic:
• Color
• Smell
• Volume
• Consistency
• pH
Semen quality Viability of sperm
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19. Dian Tria, M.Si.
Universitas
Sumatera Utara
19/3
Macroscopic: Color
Animals Color of Semen
Bull Yellowish white
Ram & Buck Milky white
Stallion Greyish white
Chicken Blackish white
Boar Milky white
How to check the color of
semen:
1. Semen is collected in a
holding tube
2. Look at the tube, if you see
water, blood, preputium hair,
pus means abnormal semen
3. It is confirmed that normal
semen is characterized by a
yellowish white or milky white
(depend on animals)

20. Dian Tria, M.Si.
Universitas
Sumatera Utara
20/3
Macroscopic: Smell
Normal semen generally has a distinctive fishy odor accompanied by
the smell of the animal itself.
To determine the smell of semen:
can be smelled directly from the semen that has been stored in the tube
container.
Bad quality of semen has smell like:
• Fishy/ foul smell: contains blood/ infection
• Urin smell: indicates that the semen is contaminated with it

21. Dian Tria, M.Si.
Universitas
Sumatera Utara
21/3
Macroscopic: Volume
Animals Average Volume
(mL)
Bull 5-8
Ram 0.8-1.2
Buck 0.8-1.2
Stallion 150-300
Chicken 0.2-0.5
Boar 200-300
How to determine volume of
semen:
The volume of semen in one
ejaculation is collected and the
volume of semen ejaculated can
be seen from the scaled
collection tube.

22. Dian Tria, M.Si.
Universitas
Sumatera Utara
22/3
Macroscopic: Consistency
Category Amount range of sperm
Runny <1000 x 106 sperm/ ml semen
Medium 1000 - 1500 x 106 sperm/ ml
semen
Thick > 1500 x 106 sperm/ ml semen
The consistency (thickness) of
semen correlates with
concentration spermatozoa.
Consistency checks are carried
out by looking at the numbers of
spermatozoa concentration.

23. Dian Tria, M.Si.
Universitas
Sumatera Utara
23/3
Macroscopic: pH
pH can influenced by several
factors:
• Including the presence of
activity spermatozoa in
breaking down fructose which
forms lactic acid so that the
pH drops
• Contamination with germs
causes the pH to rise
• There are differences in how
to collect semen
Animals pH
Bull 6.2-6.8
Ram 6.4-6.7
Buck 5.9-7.3
Stallion 7.3-7.8
Chicken 7.2-7.8
Boar 7.2-7.6
pH examination technique: measured by taking a small
amount of fresh semen and placed on litmus paper or a
pH meter then look at the pH.

24. Dian Tria, M.Si.
Universitas
Sumatera Utara
24/3
Microscopic: Mass motility
Categories:
• Very good (+++)  visible large, numerous, dark, flying waves, and
active like black clouds when it rains, when it moves quickly from place to
place;
• Good (++)  if there are small waves, thin, rare, lacking clear and slow
moving;
• Not good (+)  if you don't see waves but rather the appearance of
movement progressive active individual;
• Bad (0)  if there is only a slight basis for individual movements

25. Dian Tria, M.Si.
Universitas
Sumatera Utara
25/3
Microscopic: Individual motility
Individual motility
parameter: Move forward
progressively
Value: Individual motility
values ​​are in percentage
(%)
Determination of individual
motility values ​​can be
evaluated manually with
microscope and
automatically with CASA

26. Dian Tria, M.Si.
Universitas
Sumatera Utara
26/3
Microscopic: Sperm concentration
Sperm concentration
 Consistency of
semen
Determination of sperm
concentration ​​can be
evaluated manually
with haemocytometer
and automatically with
photometer

27. Dian Tria, M.Si.
Universitas
Sumatera Utara
27/3
Microscopic: Viability
Viability of sperm  to
determine the percentage
of living and dead
spermatozoa.
To determine:
• Spermatozoa cells that
absorb color 
considered dead sperm
• Spermatozoa cells do
not absorb color 
motile and live sperm

28. Dian Tria, M.Si.
Universitas
Sumatera Utara
28/3
Microscopic: Abnormality
Type of
Abnormalities
Heredity Factors
The Origin of
Abnormality
Impact on
Fertility
Genetic
Non-
genetic
Primary Secondary Major Minor
Pear shape √ √ √
Knobbed acrosome √ √ √
Narrow at the base √ √ √
Microcephalus √ √ √
Double head √ √ √
Underdeveloped √ √ √
Abnormal contour √ √ √
Narrow √ √ √
Macrocephalus √ √ √
Detached head √ √ √
Proximal droplet √ √ √
Abnormal midpiece √ √ √
Abaxial √ √ √
Bent tail √ √ √
Coiled tail √ √ √
Sumber: Chenoweth (2005)

29. Dian Tria, M.Si.
Universitas
Sumatera Utara
29/3
Factors Affecting Semen Quality
• Genetik
• Suhu (musim/ cuaca)
• Pakan
• Berat badan
• Frekuensi ejakulasi

30. Dian Tria, M.Si.
Universitas
Sumatera Utara
Study case:
30/3
➙
Samosir ram don't want to mount an ewe, his libido is low, what is the
right collection method?
Electroejaculator
Second option when a male difficult to
handle or isn’t trained enough to be
accommodated with AV.

31. Universitas
Sumatera Utara
Thank you
Dian Tria, M.Si.
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