The document discusses a proposed solution called Fast Forward With Degradation (FFWD) for handling load peaks in streaming applications. FFWD uses a load shedding technique to avoid overloading by discarding some input events. It includes a Load Manager that computes the required throughput to ensure stability based on metrics like arrival rate and utilization. The Load Manager output is used by load shedding policies via a policy wrapper to derive load shedding probabilities for different event classes. A Load Shedding Filter then applies these probabilities to selectively drop events from the input stream. An evaluation showed FFWD improved system stability over the reference implementation.
Self-adaptive container monitoring with performance-aware Load-Shedding policies, by Rolando Brondolin, PhD student in System Architecture at Politecnico di Milano
Self-adaptive container monitoring with performance-aware Load-Shedding policies, by Rolando Brondolin, PhD student in System Architecture at Politecnico di Milano
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity
[EUC2016] FFWD: latency-aware event stream processing via domain-specific loa...Matteo Ferroni
Tools and applications for event stream processing and real-time analytics are getting a huge hype these days on a wide range of application scenarios, from the smallest Internet of Things (IoT) embedded sensor to the most popular Social Network feed. Unfortunately, dealing with this kind of input rises some issues that can easily mine the real-time analysis requirement due to an unexpected overload of the system; this happens as the processing time may strongly depend on the single event content, while the event arrival rate may vary unpredictably over time. In this work, we propose Fast Forward With Degradation (FFWD), a latency-aware load shedding framework that exploits performance degradation techniques to adapt the throughput of the application to the size of the input, allowing the system to have a fast and reliable response time in case of overloading. Moreover, we show how different domain-specific policies can guarantee a reasonable accuracy of the aggregated output metrics.
Full paper: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7982234/
An Effective PSO-inspired Algorithm for Workflow Scheduling IJECEIAES
The Cloud is a computing platform that provides on-demand access to a shared pool of configurable resources such as networks, servers and storage that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort from clients. At its core, Cloud computing focuses on maximizing the effectiveness of the shared resources. Therefore, workflow scheduling is one of the challenges that the Cloud must tackle especially if a large number of tasks are executed on geographically distributed servers. This entails the need to adopt an effective scheduling algorithm in order to minimize task completion time (makespan). Although workflow scheduling has been the focus of many researchers, a handful efficient solutions have been proposed for Cloud computing. In this paper, we propose the LPSO, a novel algorithm for workflow scheduling problem that is based on the Particle Swarm Optimization method. Our proposed algorithm not only ensures a fast convergence but also prevents getting trapped in local extrema. We ran realistic scenarios using CloudSim and found that LPSO is superior to previously proposed algorithms and noticed that the deviation between the solution found by LPSO and the optimal solution is negligible.
ENERGY PERFORMANCE OF A COMBINED HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL COMPRESSION APPROACH...IJCNCJournal
Energy efficiency is an essential issue to be reckoned in wireless sensor networks development. Since the low-powered sensor nodes deplete their energy in transmitting the collected information, several strategies have been proposed to investigate the communication power consumption, in order to reduce the amount of transmitted data without affecting the information reliability. Lossy compression is a promising solution recently adapted to overcome the challenging energy consumption, by exploiting the data correlation and discarding the redundant information. In this paper, we propose a hybrid compression approach based on two dimensions specified as horizontal (HC) and vertical compression (VC), typically implemented in cluster-based routing architecture. The proposed scheme considers two key performance metrics, energy expenditure, and data accuracy to decide the adequate compression approach based on HC-VC or VC-HC configuration according to each WSN application requirement. Simulation results exhibit the performance of both proposed approaches in terms of extending the clustering network lifetime.
The Queue M/M/1 with Additional Servers for a Longer QueueIJMER
This paper deals with the queuing system M/M/1 with additional servers for a longer queue.
Clearly the traffic intensity for this system will depend on the number of additional servers. The expected
number of customers in the system, the probability of the additional of one server and the probability of
the additional of two servers are obtained under the assumption that the number of additional servers
depends on the number of customers in the system. The condition under which the M/M/1 queuing system
with additional servers is profitable is discussed. A MATLAB program is used to illustrate this condition
numerically. Finally, the maximum likelihood estimators of the parameters for this queuing system are
obtained.
Improving Numerical Wave Forecasts by Data Assimilation Based on Neural NetworksAditya N Deshmukh
1. Identified the potential of neural network in forecasting the error time series which eventually increased the accuracy of model predictions. This was demonstrated by qualitative and statistical analysis of some preliminary results.
2. Comparison of error time series modeling with that of time series of wave parameters showed the former approach being more effective in increasing the accuracy of forecasts
Discretizing of linear systems with time-delay Using method of Euler’s and Tu...IJERA Editor
Delays deteriorate the control performance and could destabilize the overall system in the theory of discretetime
signals and dynamic systems. Whenever a computer is used in measurement, signal processing or control
applications, the data as seen from the computer and systems involved are naturally discrete-time because a
computer executes program code at discrete points of time. Theory of discrete-time dynamic signals and systems
is useful in design and analysis of control systems, signal filters, state estimators and model estimation from
time-series of process data system identification. In this paper, a new approximated discretization method and
digital design for control systems with delays is proposed. System is transformed to a discrete-time model with
time delays. To implement the digital modeling, we used the z-transfer functions matrix which is a useful model
type of discrete-time systems, being analogous to the Laplace-transform for continuous-time systems. The most
important use of the z-transform is for defining z-transfer functions matrix is employed to obtain an extended
discrete-time. The proposed method can closely approximate the step response of the original continuous timedelayed
control system by choosing various of energy loss level. Illustrative example is simulated to demonstrate
the effectiveness of the developed method.\
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity
[EUC2016] FFWD: latency-aware event stream processing via domain-specific loa...Matteo Ferroni
Tools and applications for event stream processing and real-time analytics are getting a huge hype these days on a wide range of application scenarios, from the smallest Internet of Things (IoT) embedded sensor to the most popular Social Network feed. Unfortunately, dealing with this kind of input rises some issues that can easily mine the real-time analysis requirement due to an unexpected overload of the system; this happens as the processing time may strongly depend on the single event content, while the event arrival rate may vary unpredictably over time. In this work, we propose Fast Forward With Degradation (FFWD), a latency-aware load shedding framework that exploits performance degradation techniques to adapt the throughput of the application to the size of the input, allowing the system to have a fast and reliable response time in case of overloading. Moreover, we show how different domain-specific policies can guarantee a reasonable accuracy of the aggregated output metrics.
Full paper: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7982234/
An Effective PSO-inspired Algorithm for Workflow Scheduling IJECEIAES
The Cloud is a computing platform that provides on-demand access to a shared pool of configurable resources such as networks, servers and storage that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort from clients. At its core, Cloud computing focuses on maximizing the effectiveness of the shared resources. Therefore, workflow scheduling is one of the challenges that the Cloud must tackle especially if a large number of tasks are executed on geographically distributed servers. This entails the need to adopt an effective scheduling algorithm in order to minimize task completion time (makespan). Although workflow scheduling has been the focus of many researchers, a handful efficient solutions have been proposed for Cloud computing. In this paper, we propose the LPSO, a novel algorithm for workflow scheduling problem that is based on the Particle Swarm Optimization method. Our proposed algorithm not only ensures a fast convergence but also prevents getting trapped in local extrema. We ran realistic scenarios using CloudSim and found that LPSO is superior to previously proposed algorithms and noticed that the deviation between the solution found by LPSO and the optimal solution is negligible.
ENERGY PERFORMANCE OF A COMBINED HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL COMPRESSION APPROACH...IJCNCJournal
Energy efficiency is an essential issue to be reckoned in wireless sensor networks development. Since the low-powered sensor nodes deplete their energy in transmitting the collected information, several strategies have been proposed to investigate the communication power consumption, in order to reduce the amount of transmitted data without affecting the information reliability. Lossy compression is a promising solution recently adapted to overcome the challenging energy consumption, by exploiting the data correlation and discarding the redundant information. In this paper, we propose a hybrid compression approach based on two dimensions specified as horizontal (HC) and vertical compression (VC), typically implemented in cluster-based routing architecture. The proposed scheme considers two key performance metrics, energy expenditure, and data accuracy to decide the adequate compression approach based on HC-VC or VC-HC configuration according to each WSN application requirement. Simulation results exhibit the performance of both proposed approaches in terms of extending the clustering network lifetime.
The Queue M/M/1 with Additional Servers for a Longer QueueIJMER
This paper deals with the queuing system M/M/1 with additional servers for a longer queue.
Clearly the traffic intensity for this system will depend on the number of additional servers. The expected
number of customers in the system, the probability of the additional of one server and the probability of
the additional of two servers are obtained under the assumption that the number of additional servers
depends on the number of customers in the system. The condition under which the M/M/1 queuing system
with additional servers is profitable is discussed. A MATLAB program is used to illustrate this condition
numerically. Finally, the maximum likelihood estimators of the parameters for this queuing system are
obtained.
Improving Numerical Wave Forecasts by Data Assimilation Based on Neural NetworksAditya N Deshmukh
1. Identified the potential of neural network in forecasting the error time series which eventually increased the accuracy of model predictions. This was demonstrated by qualitative and statistical analysis of some preliminary results.
2. Comparison of error time series modeling with that of time series of wave parameters showed the former approach being more effective in increasing the accuracy of forecasts
Discretizing of linear systems with time-delay Using method of Euler’s and Tu...IJERA Editor
Delays deteriorate the control performance and could destabilize the overall system in the theory of discretetime
signals and dynamic systems. Whenever a computer is used in measurement, signal processing or control
applications, the data as seen from the computer and systems involved are naturally discrete-time because a
computer executes program code at discrete points of time. Theory of discrete-time dynamic signals and systems
is useful in design and analysis of control systems, signal filters, state estimators and model estimation from
time-series of process data system identification. In this paper, a new approximated discretization method and
digital design for control systems with delays is proposed. System is transformed to a discrete-time model with
time delays. To implement the digital modeling, we used the z-transfer functions matrix which is a useful model
type of discrete-time systems, being analogous to the Laplace-transform for continuous-time systems. The most
important use of the z-transform is for defining z-transfer functions matrix is employed to obtain an extended
discrete-time. The proposed method can closely approximate the step response of the original continuous timedelayed
control system by choosing various of energy loss level. Illustrative example is simulated to demonstrate
the effectiveness of the developed method.\
REDUCING THE MONITORING REGISTER FOR THE DETECTION OF ANOMALIES IN SOFTWARE D...csandit
Reducing the number of processed data, when the information flow is high, is essential in processes that require short response times, such as the detection of anomalies in data networks. This work applied the wavelet transform in the reduction of the size of the monitoring register of a software defined network. Its main contribution lies in obtaining a record that, although reduced, retains detailed information required by the detectors of anomalies.
Area efficient parallel LFSR for cyclic redundancy check IJECEIAES
Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC), code for error detection finds many applications in the field of digital communication, data storage, control system and data compression. CRC encoding operation is carried out by using a Linear Feedback Shift Register (LFSR). Serial implementation of CRC requires more clock cycles which is equal to data message length plus generator polynomial degree but in parallel implementation of CRC one clock cycle is required if a whole data message is applied at a time. In previous work related to parallel LFSR, hardware complexity of the architecture reduced using a technique named state space transformation. This paper presents detailed explaination of search algorithm implementation and technique to find number of XOR gates required for different CRC algorithms. This paper presents a searching algorithm and new technique to find the number of XOR gates required for different CRC algorithms. The comparison between proposed and previous architectures shows that the number of XOR gates are reduced for CRC algorithms which improve the hardware efficiency. Searching algorithm and all the matrix computations have been performed using MATLAB simulations.
Chaotic Secure Communication Using Iterated Filtering Method P. Karthik -Assistant Professor,
D. Gokul Prashanth -UG Scholar,
T. Gokul - UG Scholar,
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
SNS College of Engineering, Coimbatore, India.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development is an international premier peer reviewed open access engineering and technology journal promoting the discovery, innovation, advancement and dissemination of basic and transitional knowledge in engineering, technology and related disciplines.
Design Of A PI Rate Controller For Mitigating SIP OverloadYang Hong
Recent collapses of SIP servers in the carrier networks indicate that the built-in SIP overload control mechanism cannot mitigate overload effectively. In this paper, by employing a control-theoretic approach that models the interaction between an overloaded downstream server and its upstream server as a feedback control system, we investigate the root cause of SIP server crash by studying the impact of the retransmission on the queuing delay of the overloaded server. Then we design a PI rate controller to mitigate the overload by regulating the retransmission rate based on the round trip delay. We derive the guidelines for choosing PI controller gains to ensure the system stability. Our OPNET simulation results demonstrate that our proposed control theoretic approach can cancel the short-term SIP overload effectively, thus preventing widespread SIP network failure.
Survey on SIP overload control algorithms:
Y. Hong, C. Huang, and J. Yan, “A Comparative Study of SIP Overload Control Algorithms,” Network and Traffic Engineering in Emerging Distributed Computing Applications, Edited by J. Abawajy, M. Pathan, M. Rahman, A.K. Pathan, and M.M. Deris, IGI Global, 2012, pp. 1-20.
http://www.igi-global.com/chapter/comparative-study-sip-overload-control/67496
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/231609451_A_Comparative_Study_of_SIP_Overload_Control_Algorithms
Time alignment techniques for experimental sensor dataIJCSES Journal
Experimental data is subject to data loss, which presents a challenge for representing the data with a
proper time scale. Additionally, data from separate measurement systems need to be aligned in order to
use the data cooperatively. Due to the need for accurate time alignment, various practical techniques are
presented along with an illustrative example detailing each step of the time alignment procedure for actual
experimental data from an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). Some example MATLAB code is also
provided.
Latency-aware Elastic Scaling for Distributed Data Stream Processing SystemsZbigniew Jerzak
Elastic scaling allows a data stream processing system to react to a dynamically changing query or event workload by automatically scaling in or out. Thereby, both unpredictable load peaks as well as underload situations can be handled. However, each scaling decision comes with a latency penalty due to the required operator movements. Therefore, in practice an elastic system might be able to improve the system utilization, however it is not able to provide latency guarantees defined by a service level agreement (SLA). In this paper we introduce an elastic scaling system, which optimizes the utilization under certain latency constraints defined by a SLA. Specifically, we present a model, which estimates the latency spike created by a set of operator movements. We use this model to build a latency-aware elastic operator placement algorithm, which minimizes the number of latency violations. We show that our solution is able to reduce the 90th percentile of the end to end latency by up to 30% and reduce the number of latency violations by 50%. The achieved system utilization for our approach is comparable to a scaling strategy, which does not use latency as optimization target.
Marco D. Santambrogio, responsabile del #NECSTLab, in questo talk dà indicazioni su come iniziare a prendere parte alle nostre attività di ricerca e le opportunità per gli studenti interessanti al progetto #NECSTCamp
- Silvia Brembati, Product Designer
- Benedetta Bolis, Engineering Physics Student
Due to the recent COVID-19 outbreak, everybody had to quickly rearrange their lifestyle and learn how to get through isolation.
Keeping in touch has never been more compelling and challenging at the same time.
A recent survey conducted in Italy, states that 80% of the population felt like they needed psychological support to get through quarantine. We believe that if people had a way to feel surrounded by their friends and had been able to share activities, this number would be significantly lower. This is where our new app TreeHouse comes in handy as it guides the user in contributing to the life of the community: a virtual tree will come to life and thrive thanks to both real-life and online interactions. Sharing content, chatting with friends, or drinking a cup of tea together will make a leaf or a branch grow, but if the user is missing for too long, the tree will suffer from their absence, in complete symbiosis.
Nevertheless, checking how the tree develops helps the members feel the actual presence of the community, and makes them able to support each other, letting the tree flourish again.
- Filippo Carloni, M.Sc. student in Computer Science and Engineering
Expressions (REs) are widely used to find patterns among data, like in genomic markers research for DNA analysis, signature-based detection for network intrusion detection systems, or search engines. TiReX is a novel and efficient RE matching architecture for
FPGAs, based on the concept of matching core. RE passes into the compilation and optimization phase to be efficiently translated into sequences of basic matching instructions that a matching core runs on input data, and can be replaced to change the RE to be matched.
- Edoardo Ramalli, M.Sc. student in Computer Science and Engineering
Drug Repurposing is the investigation of existing drugs on the pharmaceutical market for new therapeutic purposes; drug repurposing reduces the time and cost of clinical trial steps, saving years, and billions of dollars in R&D. Identifying new diseases on which a drug can be effective is a complex problem: our approach leverages knowledge graphs (KG), networks composed of many types of entities and relations, on which embedding and graph completion techniques can be applied to infer insights and analyses. Our KG is built from well-known databases such as DrugBank, UniProt, and CTD and contains over one million relationships between more than 70K biological and pharmaceutical entities like diseases, genes, proteins and drugs. In this work, we research the applicability of knowledge graph completion techniques, such as link prediction (and triple classification) using a various number of different embedding models from different families: matrix factorization, geometric and Deep learning. Using these models is possible to infer new drug-disease relationships on our KG, and identify novel drug repurposing candidates. Preliminary experimental results are encouraging and show how state-of-the-art machine learning models, combined with the ever-growing amount of biological data freely available to the research community, could significantly improve the field of drug repurposing.
- Daniele Valentino de Vincenti, B.Sc. graduate in Biomedical Engineering @Politecnico di Milano
- Lorenzo Farinelli, B.Sc. graduate in Computer Science and Engineering @Politecnico di Milano
Plaster is a multi-layered infrastructure (based on C++) aimed at supporting the development of multi-FPGA systems and the management of large data flows between the nodes. In particular, the goal of the project is to provide the end-user with a set of tools (by the means of a Python library and a C++ service) to easily assign bitstreams to nodes and route data between them, in the context of a PYNQ-based cluster suitable for distributed acceleration of computation-intensive tasks. Using this platform, an abandoned objects detection tool is implemented, designed as a Multi-FPGA distributed system exploiting an hardware accelerated version of the YOLO neural network for image detection.
- Jessica Leoni, PhD student in Data Analysis and Decision Science @Politecnico di Milano
- Luca Stornaiuolo, PhD student in Computer Science @Politecnico di Milano
- Irene Canavesi, B.Sc. student in Biomedical Engineering
- Sara Caramaschi, B.Sc. student in Biomedical Engineering
Lung cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancer forms, with a mortality of 84.2% in 2018. Our project focuses on shortening diagnosis time and improving accuracy in the overall detection of this disease. We implemented a convolutional neural network capable of automatically identifying lungs on a CT image. Segmentation is a necessary first step for the development of an algorithm capable of identifying and classifying the tumor mass since errors in the ROI identification can lead to errors in the tumor mass recognition. The network architecture follows the structure of a preexisting network, the U-Net that performs well on medical images. We reached a very good test accuracy of 99.63%: the strength of our work lies in the large number of CT images of both healthy and sick patients, used for the training and validation of the network.
- Samuele Barbieri, B.Sc. student in Computer Science and Engineering
The last decade saw cloud computing more and more involved as the primary technology to develop, deploy and maintain complex infrastructures and services at scale. This happened because cloud computing allows to consume resources on-demand and to dynamically scale performance. Some compute-intensive workloads require computing power that current CPUs are not able to provide and, for this reason, heterogeneous computing with FPGAs is becoming an interesting solution to continue to meet SLAs. However, requests to cloud services can come at unpredictable rates and, for this reason, resources may be underutilized for significant portions of time. To increase resource utilization, we propose BlastFunction, which is a system that allows to accelerate compute-intensive kernels with shared FPGAs handled in a serverless fashion, while reaching near-native execution latency. In this talk we will present the main aspects of BlastFunction, showing its capabilities to time-share FPGAs across multiple function instances to optimize devices utilization. We will also show how we implemented the sharing and orchestration mechanism on a Kubernetes cluster based on the Amazon Web Services (AWS) EC2 F1 instances.
- Sofia Breschi, B.Sc. student in Biomedical Engineering
- Beatrice Branchini, B.Sc. student in Biomedical Engineering
In the last few years, the use of Next Generation Sequencing technology in medicine has become more and more common, in particular for the diagnosis of genetic diseases and the production of personalized drugs. In this context, the identification of characteristic patterns in the human genome plays an important role. Exact pattern matching algorithms are an efficient way to identify those sequences. However, this process represents a bottleneck in the genomic field as it is very computationally intensive and time-consuming. Moreover, general-purpose architectures are not optimized to handle the huge amount of data and operations used in a genomics context. Due to these considerations, we propose an implementation of the Knuth-Morris-Pratt (KMP) algorithm on FPGA, a particular family of integrated circuits capable of reconfiguration for an infinite number of times. The KMP algorithm results in being very fast and efficient, by reducing unnecessary comparisons of characters that have already been matched. Furthermore, to achieve an overall speedup of the alignment process, the implementation on FPGA will bring on an even faster and more efficient solution, thus providing the patient with a quick response.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressions
Self-adaptive container monitoring with performance-aware Load-Shedding policies
1. 1
Self-adaptive container monitoring with
performance-aware load-shedding policies
NECST Group Conference 2017 @ Oracle Labs
07/06/2017
Rolando Brondolin
rolando.brondolin@polimi.it
DEIB, Politecnico di Milano
2. Cloud trends
• 2017 State of the cloud [1]:
– 79% of workloads run in cloud (41% public, 38% private)
– Operations focusing on:
• moving more workloads to cloud
• existing cloud usage optimization (cost reduction)
2
• Nowadays Docker is becoming the de-facto standard for Cloud deployments
– lightweight abstraction on system resources
– fast deployment, management and maintenance
– large deployments and automatic orchestration
[1] Cloud Computing Trends: 2017 State of the Cloud Survey, Kim Weins, Rightscale
4. Infrastructure monitoring (1)
• Container complexity demands strong monitoring capabilities
– Systematic approach for monitoring and troubleshooting
– Tradeoff on data granularity and resource consumption
4
#requests/s
heap size
CPU usage
Q(t) λ(t) μ(t)
#store/s
#load/s
high visibility on system state
non negligible cost
few information on system state
cheap monitoring
VS
5. • Container complexity demands strong monitoring capabilities
– Systematic approach for monitoring and troubleshooting
– Tradeoff on data granularity and resource consumption
few information on system state
cheap monitoring
high visibility on system state
non negligible cost
Infrastructure monitoring (2) 5
#requests/s
heap size
CPU usage
Q(t) λ(t) μ(t)
#store/s
#load/s
VS
High data granularity Good data granularity High data granularity
Code instrumentation Code instrumentation No instrumentation
Low metrics rate High metrics rate High metrics rate
6. Sysdig Cloud monitoring 6
http://www.sysdig.org
• Infrastructure for container monitoring
• Collects aggregated metrics and shows system state:
– “Drill-down” from cluster to single application metrics
– Dynamic network topology
– Alerting and anomaly detection
• Monitoring agent deployed on each machine in the cluster
– Traces system calls in a “streaming fashion”
– Aggregates data for Threads, FDs, applications, containers and hosts
7. IssuesEffectCause
Problem definition
• The Sysdig Cloud agent can be modelled as a server with a finite queue
• characterized by its arrival rate λ(t) and its service rate μ(t)
• Subject to overloading conditions
7
Events arrives at
really high frequency Queues grow
indefinitely
High usage of system
resources
Uncontrolled
loss of events
S
λ(t) φ(t)
μ(t)
Λ Φ
Q
S
φ(t)
μ(t)
Φ
Q
of a streaming system with queue, processing element and streaming
output flow . A server S, fed by a queue Q, is in overloading
eater than the service rate µ(t). The stability condition stated
he necessary and sufficient condition to avoid overloading. A
ncing overloading should discard part of the input to increase
to match the arrival rate (t).
µ(t) (t) (2.1)
rmalizing is twofold, as we are interested not only in controlling
t also in maximizing the accuracy of the estimated metrics. To
which represents the input flow at a given time t; and ˜x, which
ut flow considered in case of overloading at the same time t. If
Output quality
degradation
9. Utilization-based Load Manager
The system in Figure 1 can be modeled by means of
Queuing Theory: the application is a single server node fed
by a queue, which provides the input jobs at a variable arrival
rate (t); the application is able to serve jobs at a service
rate µ(t). The system measures (t) and µ(t) in events per
second, where the events are respectively the input tweets and
the serviced tweets.
Starting from this, the simplest way to model the system
behavior is by means of the Little’s law (1), which states that
the number of jobs inside a system is equal to the input arrival
rate times the system response time:
N(t) = (t) · R(t) (1)
Q(t) = Q(t 1) + (t) µ(t) (2)
U(t) =
(t)
µmax
+
Q(t)
µmax
(3)
Q(t) = µmax · U(t) (t) (4)
e(t) = U(t) U(t 1) (5)
he system in Figure 1 can be modeled by means of
euing Theory: the application is a single server node fed
a queue, which provides the input jobs at a variable arrival
(t); the application is able to serve jobs at a service
µ(t). The system measures (t) and µ(t) in events per
ond, where the events are respectively the input tweets and
serviced tweets.
tarting from this, the simplest way to model the system
avior is by means of the Little’s law (1), which states that
number of jobs inside a system is equal to the input arrival
times the system response time:
N(t) = (t) · R(t) (1)
Q(t) = Q(t 1) + (t) µ(t) (2)
U(t) =
(t)
µmax
+
Q(t)
µmax
(3)
Q(t) = µmax · U(t) (t) (4)
e(t) = U(t) U(t 1) (5)
S:
Control error:
4.3. Policy wrapper and
equation (4.13). This leads to the final formulation of the Loa
(4.14), where the throughput at time t + 1 is a function of th
the maximum available throughput times the feedback error.
e(t) = U(t) ¯U
µ(t + 1) = (t) + µmax · e(t)
The Load Manager formulation just obtained is compose
the one hand, when the contribution of the feedback error e(
Requested throughput:
4.3. Policy wrapper and L
equation (4.13). This leads to the final formulation of the Load
(4.14), where the throughput at time t + 1 is a function of the
the maximum available throughput times the feedback error.
e(t) = U(t) ¯U
µ(t + 1) = (t) + µmax · e(t)
The Load Manager formulation just obtained is composed
the one hand, when the contribution of the feedback error e(t
condition of equation (4.15) is met; on the other hand, the secon
The system can be characterized
by its utilization and its queue size
Load Manager 9
Metrics
• The Load Manager computes the throughput μ(t) that
ensures stability such that:
we analyze the formulation for the Load Manager’s actuation µ(t+1) just obtained,
ice that it is a sum of two different contributions. On the one hand, as the error e(t)
to zero, the stability condition (4.7) is met. On the other hand, the contribution:
(t) ensures a fast actuation in case of a significant deviation from the actual system
rium.
(t) µ(t) (4.7)
course, during the lifetime of the system, the arrival rate (t) can vary unpre-
ly and can be greater than the system capacity µc(t), defined as the rate of events
ted per second. Given the control action µ(t) (i.e., the throughput of the system)
e system capacity, we can define µd(t) as the dropping rate of the LS. As we did
), we can estimate the current system capacity as the number of events analyzed
last time period. Thus, for a given time t, equation (4.8) shows that the service
the sum of the system capacity estimated and the number of events that we need
p to achieve the required stability:
µ(t) = µc(t 1) + µd(t) (4.8)
Utilization
s section we describe the Utilization based Load Manager, which becomes of use
e of streaming applications which should operate with a limited overhead. The
tion based Load Manager, which is showed in Figure 4.4, resorts to queuing theory
CPU utilization Arrived events Residual events
Current utilization Target utilization
Arrival rate
Max theoretical
throughput
Control errorThe requested throughput is used by the load shedding policies to derive the LS probabilities
10. Policy wrapper and policies
• The policy wrapper provides access to statistics of processes, the
requested throughput μ(t+1) and the system capacity μc(t)
10
Fair policy
• Assign to each process the “same" number
of events
• Save metrics of small processes, still
accurate results on big ones
Priority-based policy
• Assign a static priority to each process
• Compute a weighted priority to partition
the system capacity
• Assign a partition to each process and
compute the probabilities
Metrics Baseline policy
• Compute one LS probability for all processes (with μ(t+1) and
11. Load Shedding Filter
• The Load Shedding Filter applies the probabilities
computed by the policies to the input stream
• For each event:
• Look for load shedding probability depending on input class
• If no data is found we can drop the event
• Otherwise, apply the Load Shedding probability computed by the policy
• The dropped events are reported to the application for metrics correction
11
Metrics
Load Shedding
Filter
Shedding
Plan
event buffers
ok
drop probability
Event
Capture
ko
12. • We evaluated FFWD within Sysdig
with 2 goals:
• System stability (slide 13)
• Output quality (slides 14 15 16 17)
• Results compared with the reference
filtering system of Sysdig
• Evaluation setup
• 2x Xeon E5-2650 v3,
20 cores (40 w/HT) @ 2.3Ghz
• 128 GB DDR4 RAM
• Test selected from Phoronix test suite
Experimental setup 12
test ID name priority # evts/s
A nginx 3 800K
B postmark 4 1,2M
C fio 4 1,3M
D simplefile 2 1,5M
E apache 2 1,9M
test ID instances # evts/s
F 3x nginx, 1x fio 1,3M
G 1x nginx, 1x simplefile 1,3M
H
1x apache, 2x postmark,
1x fio
1,8M
Homogeneous benchmarks
Heterogeneous benchmarks
Syscall intensive benchmarks
from Phoronix test suite
13. System stability 13
• We evaluated the Load Manager with all the tests (A, B, C, D, E, F, G)
• With 3 different set points (Ut 1.0%, 1.1%, 1.2% w.r.t. system capacity)
• Measuring the CPU load of the sysdig agent with:
• reference implementation
• FFWD with fair and priority policy
• We compared the actual CPU load
with the QoS requirement (Ut)
• Error measured with MAPE (lower
is better) obtained running 20 times
each benchmark
• 3.51x average MAPE improvement,
average MAPE below 5%
Test
Ut = 1.1%
reference fair priority
A 7,12% 1,78% 3,78%
B 34,06% 4,37% 4,46%
C 28,03% 2,27% 2,24%
D 11,52% 1,41% 1,54%
E 26,02% 8,51% 8,99%
F 22,67% 8,11% 3,74%
G 16,42% 3,37% 2,73%
H 19,92% 8,41% 8,01%
14. Output quality - heterogeneous
• We tried to mix the homogeneous tests
• simulate co-located environment
• add OS scheduling uncertainty and noise
• QoS requirement Ut 1.1%
• MAPE (lower is better) between exact and approximated metrics
• Compare metrics from reference, FFWD fair, FFWD priority
• Three tests with different syscall mix:
• Network based mid-throughput: 1x Fio, 3x Nginx, 1.3M evt/s
• Mixed mid-throughput: 1x Simplefile, 1x Nginx, 1.3M evt/s
• Mixed high-throughput: 1x Apache, 1x Fio, 2x Postmark, 1.8M evt/s
14
19. 19
Questions?
Rolando Brondolin, rolando.brondolin@polimi.it
DEIB, Politecnico di Milano
NGC VIII 2017 @ SF
FFWD: Latency-aware event stream processing via domain-specific load-shedding policies. R. Brondolin, M. Ferroni, M. D.
Santambrogio. In Proceedings of 14th IEEE/IFIP International Conference on Embedded and Ubiquitous Computing (EUC 2016)
24. Response time Load Manager 24
S:
(Little’s Law)
(Jobs in the system)
The system can be characterized by its response time and the jobs in the system
Control error:
Requested throughput:
The requested throughput is used by the load shedding policies to derive the LS probabilities
27. Case studies 27
System monitoring [2]
• Goal: Distributed monitoring of systems
and applications w/syscalls
• Constraint: CPU utilization
• Based on: Sysdig monitoring agent
• Output: aggregated performance metrics
for applications, containers, hosts
• FFWD ensures low CPU overhead
• policies based on processes in the system
[1] http://nlp.stanford.edu [2] http://www.sysdig.org
Sentiment analysis [1]
• Goal: perform real-time analysis on tweets
28. Case studies 28
System monitoring [2]
• Goal: Distributed monitoring of systems
[1] http://nlp.stanford.edu [2] http://www.sysdig.org
Sentiment analysis [1]
• Goal: perform real-time analysis on tweets
• Constraint: Latency
• Based on: Stanford NLP toolkit
• Output: aggregated sentiment score for
each keyword and hashtag
• FFWD maintains limited the response time
• policies on tweet keyword and #hashtag
29. Real-time sentiment analysis 29
• Real-time sentiment analysis allows to:
– Track the sentiment of a topic over time
– Correlate real world events and related sentiment, e.g.
• Toyota crisis (2010) [1]
• 2012 US Presidential Election Cycle [2]
– Track online evolution of companies reputation, derive social
profiling and allow enhanced social marketing strategies
[1] Bifet Figuerol, Albert Carles, et al. "Detecting sentiment change in Twitter streaming data." Journal of Machine Learning Research:
Workshop and Conference Proceedings Series. 2011.
[2] Wang, Hao, et al. "A system for real-time twitter sentiment analysis of 2012 us presidential election cycle." Proceedings of the ACL
2012 System Demonstrations.
30. Sentiment analysis: case study 30
• Simple Twitter streaming sentiment analyzer with Stanford NLP
• System components:
– Event producer
– RabbitMQ queue
– Event consumer
• Consumer components:
– Event Capture
– Sentiment Analyzer
– Sentiment Aggregator
• Real-time queue consumption, aggregated metrics emission each second
(keywords and hashtag sentiment)
31. FFWD: Sentiment analysis 31
• FFWD adds four components:
– Load shedding filter at the beginning of the pipeline
– Shedding plan used by the filter
– Domain-specific policy wrapper
– Application controller manager to detect load peaks
Producer
Load Shedding
Filter
Event
Capture
Sentiment
Analyzer
Sentiment
Aggregator
Policy
Wrapper
Load Manager
Shedding
Plan
real-time queue
batch queue
ok
ko
ko count
account metrics
R(t)
stream statsupdated plan
μ(t+1)
event output metricsinput tweets
drop probability
Component
Data structure
Internal information flow
External information flow
Queue
analyze event
λ(t)
Rt
32. Sentiment - experimental setup 32
• Separate tests to understand FFWD behavior:
– System stability
– Output quality
• Dataset: 900K tweets of 35th week of Premier League
• Performed tests:
– Controller: synthetic and real tweets at various λ(t)
– Policy: real tweets at various λ(t)
• Evaluation setup
– Intel core i7 3770, 4 cores @ 3.4 Ghz + HT, 8MB LLC
– 8 GB RAM @ 1600 Mhz