This slideshow helps clinicians in the orthodontic field to select the proper arch wire for their patients to achieve proper and efficient treatment and outcomes.
The differences between Roth, MBT and Edgewise brackets
In orthodontics, brackets are small pieces of molded metal with extended bits that are attached to the teeth of the patient and used to hold an adjustable wire. Brackets help the dentist straighten the teeth through gradual adjustments.
The two most common types of braces for teeth are traditional metal braces and invisible braces. Traditional braces use metal brackets connected to the teeth with wire threaded through the brackets that adjust the teeth.
And what is the differences between Roth, MBT and Edgewise on the torque and the angle?
hai this is a nice seminar and inculcated all the recent materials and biomaterials and biomechanics of the invisalign techniques , materials to be used and clinical aspects just have a look to it
The differences between Roth, MBT and Edgewise brackets
In orthodontics, brackets are small pieces of molded metal with extended bits that are attached to the teeth of the patient and used to hold an adjustable wire. Brackets help the dentist straighten the teeth through gradual adjustments.
The two most common types of braces for teeth are traditional metal braces and invisible braces. Traditional braces use metal brackets connected to the teeth with wire threaded through the brackets that adjust the teeth.
And what is the differences between Roth, MBT and Edgewise on the torque and the angle?
hai this is a nice seminar and inculcated all the recent materials and biomaterials and biomechanics of the invisalign techniques , materials to be used and clinical aspects just have a look to it
Roth philosophy /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Trajectories and rotations /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Ind...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in
continuing dental education , training dentists
in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide
range of dental certified courses in different
formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown &
Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Various functional appliances & its components /certified fixed orthodontic c...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Temporary Anchorage Device (TAD) or Mini (screw ,implant)Khaled Wafaie
Orthodontic Temporary Anchorage Device (TAD) or Mini (screw ,implant).
I am hoping that this presentation is beneficial for everyone
For more information and for further contact join us on ( Orthodontic Institution) Group on Facebook.
Roth philosophy /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Trajectories and rotations /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Ind...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in
continuing dental education , training dentists
in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide
range of dental certified courses in different
formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown &
Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Various functional appliances & its components /certified fixed orthodontic c...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Temporary Anchorage Device (TAD) or Mini (screw ,implant)Khaled Wafaie
Orthodontic Temporary Anchorage Device (TAD) or Mini (screw ,implant).
I am hoping that this presentation is beneficial for everyone
For more information and for further contact join us on ( Orthodontic Institution) Group on Facebook.
Leveling & aligning(text) /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dent...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Leveling & Aligning /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ac...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
leveling & aligning in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
Orthodontic wires are used to carry out the necessary tooth movements as part of orthodontic treatment. A variety of materials are used to produce orthodontic wires. The archwire has been an integral part of the orthodontic appliance, and the high esthetic demand by the patient, along with the introduction of composite and ceramic brackets initiated research for esthetic archwires to go with these brackets. Esthetic archwires available are composite, optiflex and coated archwires. Appropriate use of all the available wire types may enhance patient comfort and reduce chairside time as well as the duration of treatment. The individual clinician must always know and understand the needs and options at every stage of therapy
The art of orthodontics involves correction of the position of teeth and the relation of craniofacial structures.
The Teeth are moved by the use of forces and moments, which are delivered through the use of various types of wires.
From the beginning of the profession, different types of wires have been introduced to provide forces to move teeth.
Light and Continuous Forces have always been sought, and operators have tried to achieve this in a variety of ways.
Intelligent archwire 3 /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Orthodontic wires /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Nickel titanium alloys /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Levelling and aligning in Pre Adjusted edge wise technique in orthodontics /c...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Similar to selection of preformed arch wires during the alignment stage of preadjusted orthodontic fixed appliance.pptx (20)
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
selection of preformed arch wires during the alignment stage of preadjusted orthodontic fixed appliance.pptx
1. Selection of orthodontic preformed
arch wires during the alignment
stage of preadjusted fixed appliance
Professor of Orthodontics
Faculty of Dentistry – Mansoura University
Egypt
Dr. Maher Abdelsalam Fouda
Presented by:
2. In The Memory Of
Dr. Maher Abdelsalam Fouda
1948-2023
• Dr. Maher Fouda was a professor in
Orthodontics & the founder of
Orthodontic department in the faculty of
dentistry (1982) at Mansoura University,
Mansoura, Egypt.
• Dr. Maher Fouda got his Bachelor in
dental science from Alexandria University
(1972).
• Dr. Maher got a diploma in pediatric
dentistry from Alexandria University
(1975).
• Dr. Maher Fouda got a diploma in
Orthodontics from Alexandria University
(1977).
• Dr. Maher Fouda received his PhD in
orthodontics from Ann
Arbor University, Michigan, USA (1982).
• Dr. Maher Fouda starts his private
orthodontic & dental clinic in Mansoura
city, Egypt (1982).
3. Dr. Maher Fouda was one
of the first co-founders of
the Egyptian orthodontic
society.
Ann Arbor University, Michigan,
USA (1982).
4. This lecture was
uploaded on the slide
share in addition to
several undergraduate
and postgraduate
orthodontic lectures .
This presentation was firstly introduced in Mansoura
international dental conference 2022.
5. Stages of Straight Wire
Technique
1. Leveling and aligning.
2. Overbite reduction.
3. Overjet reduction and
space closure.
4. Finishing and occlusal
detailing.
6. Let us take into
our consideration
the following
important points :
7. Point 1: alignment is
the lining
up of teeth of an arch in
order to achieve normal
contact point
relationships.
8. Round flexible
archwires are
needed to provide a
gentle continuous
force that is flexible
enough to engage
the
brackets on the
misaligned teeth .
What is needed in this stage
9. The first
Ni–Ti archwire, marketed as
Nitinol (Unitek Corp.) in the
late 60s, stood out for its
low stiffness and high
springback properties
that define conventional
Ni–Ti archwires.
springback (tendancy of the wire to revert to
its original form)
stiffness(resisting deformation in response to
applied force)
stood out (noticable)
10. The Nitinol alloy was
developed by William F
Buehler, a research
metallurgist at Naval
Ordinance Laboratory in the
year 1960 after which Dr.
George
Andreason introduced it in
orthodontics where it
brought about
a revolutionary change .
11. According to Kusy ,
there are three
categories of
Ni–Ti archwires:
1-conventional,
2-pseudoelastic or
superelastic and
3-thermoplastic
wires, the last two
of these are
superelastic.
12. Since then, the
Ni–Ti wire has
rapidly become
the wire of choice
for the alignment
and levelling
treatment stage.
13. The initially
discovered
nitinol was a
Martensitic
stabilized alloy
which showed
no
superelasticity
Martensitic (very hard form of
steel crystaline structure)
14. Nitinol Classic
Archwire is
developed as an
alternative to
stainless steel
archwires.
It has long working
range.
It posess 40% the
forces of stainless
steel
15. Nitinol has excellent springback property but it does not
possess shape memory or super elasticity as it was
manufactured by a work hardening process.. It is available as
NiTi; Nitinol, Orthonol, Sentinol and Titanol.
16. The success of
today’s Ni–Ti
archwires is
due to their
superelasticity
and shape
memory. Superelastic NiTi 0.014-inch during initial
alignment orthodontic stage, before (left) and
after (right) bracket engagement. Note the
degree of misalignment that the wire can
tolerate due to superelastic properties.
17. An ideal archwire
should be able to
move teeth with a
light, continuous
force. This force
should be designed
to minimize patient
discomfort, tissue
hyalinization and
root resorption.
Examples of dimples and stops
placed on orthodontic archwires to
prevent the wires from excessive
sliding along the dental arch.
NiTi arch wire used for alignment
and leveling
18. When a force is
applied, the
archwire
should behave
elastically over
a period of
weeks to
months.
.
a 0.014-in round NiTi wire (natural
arch form) , Nickel-Titanium Archwire) was
applied as the initial archwire
immediately after the bonding procedure.
19. When the nitinol
archwire is activated
over a considerable
range of deflection, the
force produced remains
essentially constant.
This means that the
archwire would exert
the same amount of
force whether deflected
over a small or large
distance.
A 0.014-in NiTi archwire is
engaged into the brackets
of these severely
maligned upper teeth.
20. This is an
extremely
desirable
property because
very low and
constant forces
for tooth
movement are
provided by the
archwire during
tooth movement.
Banding and bonding (upper and lower
preadjusted edgewise fixed appliances with
MBT prescription and 0:022″ × 0:028″ slot size
bracket) and placement of the initial leveling
and aligning archwires (0.014 superelastic
nickel titanium).
Published 29 April 2022
21. Point 2 : superelastic
Niti is better than
conventional Nitinol
wire is that engagement
of the displaced tooth is
readily achievable
22. Point 3 :The most common
archwires used to align teeth
are multistrand stainless
steel, superelastic NiTi and
heat activated NiTi or thermal
activated NiTi.
23. Point 4 : Multi-Strand
Stainless Steel archwires
have low stiffness and
can be used for initial
leveling and aligning
stage in orthodontics.
24. Point 5-However, due to
their lower elastic limit they
can be readily deformed if
acted upon by any other
force such as food chewing.
Elastic limit refers to the maximum value of
force for which a material shows elastic
behaviors.
25. Multi-Strand Archwires or Twist
flex or Triple flex
3-strand wires are three
twisted strands of fine, round
stainless steel that form a
single wire to provide light
force, good flexibility, and
resiliency.
26. It has been reported that some
nickel titanium wires appeared to
be no more effective than a multi-
stranded, inexpensive stainless
steel wire, as, for example, a small
diameter (.014") superelastic nickel
titanium compared to a .015"
multi-stranded stainless steel wire.
The conclusions from clinical
observations were that the less
expensive multi-stranded wire was
just as efficient as .014" nickel
titanium wire.
27. Point 6 : NiTi could
replace multistrand
arch wires in the
alignment stage
28. The introduction of
nickel-titanium
wires provided a
possible
substitute for
multistrand and
steel round wires
during the
leveling and aligning
stages of treatment.
A .014 nickel‐titanium arch wire was placed
on the
maxillary arch
multistrand and steel round wires
29. Nickel-titanium
(NiTi) wires are
preferred by
clinicians because
compared to
stainless steel
wires, they have a
wider working
range and higher
springback
properties.
Maxillary and mandibular
.016 nickel‐titanium
arch wires have been placed.
A sectional .016 × .022
β‐titanium
wire was placed on the
maxillary right molar to
canine for
retraction of the canine.
Why Nickel Titanium is preferred by clinicians
30. POINT 7 : One nickel
titanium
wire could be used in
place of approximately
two sizes of
stainless steel wires.
31. Archwire sequence for the straight
wire appliance
Case 1- alignment started
with
.014" and .016" nickel
titanium archwires,
Leveling was
completed using .016" ×
.022" nickel titanium and
.016" × .022" and .017" ×
.025" stainless steel
archwires.
Space closure was
accomplished with sliding
mechanics on .019" × .025"
stainless steel
archwires.
Finishing, detailing, and
settling were
carried out using .014"
stainless steel archwires
and red elastics (3⁄16",
3.5oz).
32. Archwire sequence in the standard
edgewise appliance
Case 1-levelling and
alignment using 0.014”
stainless steel (SS)
multiple loop archwire.
Then gradually increased
dimension archwires
from 0.016” to 0.018” ×
0.025” SS
0.019” × 0.025” SS was
used for retraction of
the incisors
35. Point 8 : It is not
advisable to use NiTi
archwires from different
brands on the same
patient as the size may
vary by brand.
36. Preformed upper NiTi archwires with different
brands and different intercanine distances
Preformed lower NiTi archwires with different
brands and different intercanine distances
38. Point 9 :
superelastic NiTi archwires
deliver a nearly light
constant force over a span
of activations—ideally those
that occur between office
visits and rapid tooth
movement results
39. Point 10 :
Superelastic Niti wire
causes more
discomfort for the
patient comparing to
heat activated Niti.
40. Point 11 : Heat activated
wires could be used as a
substitute for three of the
traditional stainless steel
wires in certain situations,
which was a significant
improvement.
41. Point 12 : Niti Heat-Activated
wire is a thermally activated
super-elastic archwire.
It is the easiest of Nitinol wires
to engage, and it delivers light
continuous
forces that effectively move
teeth with minimal discomfort
to the patient.
42. heat-
activated/thermal
NiTi wires are soft
and pliable at
room temperature,
which permits
easier insertion
into the bracket
slots. As the wire
warms to mouth
temperature, the
wire becomes
more “active.”
43. TEXTBOOK OF ORTHODONTICS
The wire could be cooled
down with the help of a
refrigerant spray or ice bath
before insertion to make it
flexible and the oral
environment raises the
temperature of the deformed
archwire which returns to the
starting shape thereby
aligning the crowded arch .
44. Apply Freeze Spray
Coolant directly onto
the archwire or spray
onto a swab and apply
to the archwire. For
maximum effect, wrap
the archwire in gauze
and saturate the gauze
with Freeze Spray
Coolant
45. Niti Ice Instrument
Fill the NiTi Ice
Instrument with
water and freeze.
The light weight
compact design
allows for pin-
point activation
of thermal nickel
titanium
archwires
• For selective chilling of the NiTi archwire
• Makes the archwire soft and flexible so
that it can be inserted easily
46. Instead of replacing
wires on a per visit basis
during leveling and
aligning, a coolant could
be applied to the heat-
activated nickel-titanium
(HAN'T) wire in the areas
where full bracket
engagement had not
been achieved, and the
wire could be retied for
complete engagement.
initial .016 HANT wire was
followed by a rectangular HANT
wire and then a .019/.025
rectangular steel wire.
MBT
47. The normal warmth
of the oral cavity
produced significant
activation of the wire-
and very efficient
tooth movement.
Surprisingly, patients
did not seem to
complain of added
discomfort, probably
because of the light
forces that were
introduced.
Rectangular HANT
wires are very
effective in
achieving tooth
movements of this
type in this region.
They give good
control and do not
distort in response
to masticatory
forces
MBT
48. Forms and diameters of Orthodontic NiTi
heat - activated arch wire
initial .016 HANT wire was followed by a
rectangular HANT wire
51. Point 13 :Archwire
sequence with standard
edgewise appliance used
stainless steel for
alignment ; case report :
52. Archwire sequence for the standard edgewise appliance
CASE REPORT-3
Treatment began with the
leveling and alignment
with well-coordinated
0.016 and 0.018 stainless
steel (S.S.) arch wires
canine retraction was
started and finished with
an elastic chain on
0.018” stainless steel wire
0.019 × 0.025 SST loop
archwires with
progressive tip back
bends were placed in
both arches for incisor
retraction
Finishing was performed
on 0.016x0.022” S.S.
archwires with tip backs
and artistic positioning
bends
53. Point 14 :
There is no certain arch
wire sequence that
clinicians have to go
by.
55. NiTi archwire Sizes used in this
stage of treatment:
●● 0.012 in., considered in very
crowded cases
●● 0.013 in., considered in very
crowded cases
●● 0.014 in.
●● 0.016 in., considered if unable
to engage 0.018 in.
●● 0.018 in.
Examples of archwire sequence
59. archwire sequence for straight wire appliance
CASE REPORT -2
alignment was achieved by a 0.016-in
thermal nickel-titanium wire
leveling was obtained with 0.019 x
0.025-in thermal nickel titanium wires
0.019 x 0.025-in stainless steel
rectangular archwires and
power chain were used to close
the extraction spaces .
60. Alignment and leveling
was done with, 0.014
NiTi, 0.016 NiTi,
followed by
0.016×0.022” NiTi and
finally 16x22 st st
archwire sequence for straight wire appliance
CASE REPORT -3
61. The alignment and the leveling
phases were performed using
the following sequence: 0.014-
and 0.016-in nickel titanium
arches, and 0.018- and 0.020-in
stainless steel arches
The distalization of the canines was
performed using the 0.020-in stainless
steel archwire
archwire sequence for straight wire appliance
CASE REPORT -4
62. 0.018″ ss wire followed by
0:019 × 0:025″ ss wire was
placed to level and express
the prescription of the
bracket
The arches were aligned
using the following
sequence of archwires:
0.014″ NiTi and 0.016″ NiTi
archwire sequence for straight wire appliance
CASE REPORT -5
63. The archwire sequence shown has been
employed by the MBT. It has significantly reduced
chairside time and increased the efficiency of tooth
movement, owing the minimizing of permanent
archwire deflection .
The MBT system ARCHWIRE SEQUENCE
64. MBT prescription for tip and torque
Archwires sequence
The MBT system
Initial aligning
.014 or .016 heat-activated nickel
titanium
Leveling
.019 x .025 heat-activated nickel
titanium
Working
.019 x .025 stainless steel with hooks
Finishing
.019 x .025 beta titanium
Settling
.019 x .025 braided stainless steeL
65. Lower force than solid stainless steel archwires
8-Braid wires are made of eight fine, equal-sized
wires braided tightly and rolled to the most popular
square and rectangle wire sizes. 8-Braid Stainless
Steel archwires combine low tooth-moving forces
with high resiliency. Great for aligning and finishing.
Resists fraying when cut.
66. Point 16 : it is important to
select prefabricated NiTi
archwires that are similar to
the patient arch form to
minimize changes and
reduce possible relapse .
67. Point 17 : It is
generally advised to
maintain the patient
arch
form during fixed
orthodontic treatment.
70. Arch Form
With this in mind,
3M provides three
distinct arch forms(
taper , sqaure and
ovoid) that
reconcile the
variation
in anterior
curvature, inter-
cuspid width, inter-
molar width and the
curvature from the
cuspid to the
second molars.
73. Tapered Arch Form:
This form is
especially ideal for
patients with
narrow arch forms
and gingival
recession in the
area of the cuspids
and bicuspids
(most frequently
found among
adults).
74. Tapered Arch
Form: Another
useful application
of this arch form
is in cases of
partial treatment
of only one arch,
as it will help
reduce the
occurrence of
expansion in the
treated arch
75. Ovoid Arch Form: With
an inter-cuspid width
between the other two
forms, this form is
intended, when
employed with the
retention and settling
steps , to maintain a
stable arch form post-
treatment.
77. Square Arch Form:
It can also be
applied early
in treatment in
cases that
require buccal
uprighting of
the lower
posterior
segments and
upper arch
expansion.
78. Square Arch
Form: If over-
expansion
occurs, it is
possible to
change to the
Ovoid arch
forms later in
treatment.
81. In a clinical
situation,
orthodontists
should select the
most appropriate
archwire for the
patient arch form
and treatment
plan to align and
level the teeth.
Selecting the archwire
on the pretreatment
model
82. This selection is
sometimes
neglected as
the
orthodontists
might assume
that light NiTi
archwires will
not alter
archwidth.
Maxillary
archforms.
(A) Narrow.
(B) Ovoid.
(C) Square
83. Preserving
the arch
form also
affects
stability of
the
treatment
results.
Selecting the archwire on the
pretreatment model by adapting the
archwire on the incisal edges and cusp
tips of the teeth
84. There is ample
evidence in the
literature that
expansion in the
lower arch,
particularly in the
canine region is
unstable, and
little or no
evidence to the
contrary.
Pretreatment
Posttreatment
after 10-year retention.
85. When the lower
arch is rolled in
lingually, as occurs
in most palatal
expansion cases
and many deep
bite cases, then
buccal uprighting
in the lower arch
is indicated for
stability
87. The intercanine
width of each
patient is
determined by
muscular balance,
and any
1: intermolar width; 2:
intercanine width; 3: molar
depth; 4: canine depth.
unintended
expansion in this
region could
cause instability
89. The preformed
arch wires are
not
easily
customizable
and may
contribute to
arch form
development
during early
stages of
treatment.
90. Pre-
formed NiTi
archwires are
available in various
shapes
and sizes, and their
average intercanine
width could
exceed the natural
mandibular
intercanine width by
almost 6 mm.
91. Thus, it is
important to
select prefabri-
cated NiTi
archwires that
are similar to
the patient arch
form to
minimize
changes and
reduce possible
relapse.
Template
with
maxillary
and
mandibular
arch forms
92. The
therapeutic
arch form
should be de-
signed by
considering
the original
arch form of
the
patient and
treatment
objectives.
Ricketts pentamorphic arch
form template
93. Most orthodontists
selected archwires
subjectively by
visual assessment of
the adaptation of
the archwires to the
facial axis or facial
surface of the teeth,
incisal edges and
cusp tips, or the
facial portion of the
proximal contacts.
Contoured nickel-
titanium arch
superimposed on
a model.
96. Arch form control early in
treatment
It is recommended that
all round wires be
stocked in ovoid form
only . this helps to limit
inventory. The opening
wires will normally be
.0155 or ,0175
multistrand, .016 HANT,
or sometimes .014 steel.
These may all be used in
ovoid form, with no
customizing.
97. Arch form control early
in treatment
The manufatcured shape
of rectangular HANT wires
cannot be customized. It
is therefore necessary to
stock them in tapered,
square, and ovoid form,
because (like the heavier
round wires) they should
be used in the
approximate form for the
patient, as determined
using the clear templates.
98. Arch form control early
in treatment
Rectangular HANT
wires may be in place
for several months, and
they do influence the
patient's arch form,
especially in the
important canine
region. If not used in
the appropriate
tapered, square, or
ovoid shape, they can
cause undesirable
changes in the patient's
starting arch form
99. Yours science & good manners will
live forever among your colleagues and students
Left: Dr. Ezzat barakat, Dr. Maher Fouda, Dr.yasmine and Dr. Yasser lotfy
Left: Dr. Mohamed hassan, Dr. Ahmed Fouda, Dr. Mona Montaser,
Dr. Maher Fouda and Dr. May
Left: Dr. Mahmoud elshenawey, Dr. Maher Fouda and Dr. Moataz
100. Dr. Ahmed Maher Fouda
Assistant professor in Orthodontics
Mansoura - Egypt
Email : amfouda97@yahoo.com