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Curso : Construcción de Sistemas Numéricos
profesor : Víctor Raúl Vivanco Garfias
Estudiante : Richard Berrocal R amos
Semestre : 2021- 1
TEMA : Mínimo Común Múltiplo.
Propiedades. Teorema que relaciona el mínimo
común múltiplo con el máximo común divisor.
EL MÍNIMO COMÚN MÚLTIPLO (M.C.M)
El mínimo común múltiplo (M.C.M) de dos números es el menor
número (distinto de cero ) que es múltiplo común de ambos
números . Este concepto se aplica en la suma y resta de los
números racionales , al tener que buscar un denominador común
para dos o más fracciones .
Aplicaciones :
MÍNIMO COMÚN MÚLTIPLO (M.C.M)
𝑀𝐶𝑀(6,8)
6 = 6, 12, 18 , 24 , 30 , 36 , 42 , 48 , 54 , 60 , 66….
Primer paso : Encontrar el múltiplo de 6 y 8
8 = 8 , 16 , 24 , 32 , 40 , 48 , 56 , 64 ,72……
Segundo paso : Encontrar común múltiplo
24, 48 ,……
Tercer paso : Encontrar mínimo común múltiplo
24
Ejemplos
:
4
8
+
5
6
A. Podemos tomar como denominador
común a 48, este número contiene a los
números 8 y 6
B.
Podemos tomar como denominador común a 24 ,
este número contiene a los números 8 y 6.
4
8
+
5
6
=
40
48
+
24
48
=
64
48
4
8
+
5
6
+
12
24
+
20
24
=
32
24
Respuesta :
4
3
Respuesta:
4
3
En el ejemplo A; no tomamos el
mínimo común denominador (M.C.D)
En el ejemplo B; se tomó el M.C.D ( el
trabajo de sumar y restar números
racionales se simplifica muchas veces al
tomar como denominador común el m.c.d;
para hallar, se busca el m.c.m de los
denominadores .)
Ejemplos :
Hallar el mínimo común múltiplo de 20 y 12
Múltiplos de 20
0 , 20 , 40 , 60 , 80 , 100, . .
Este es también es múltiplo de 12
El M.C.M de 20 y 12 es 60
Método para calcular el mínimo común múltiplo
(M.C.M) de dos o más números
El m.c.m de dos o más números factorizados es el producto
de sus factores primos comunes y no comunes afectados
de se mayor exponente.
a) Por factorización en sus factores primos:
Ejemplo:
Hallar el m.c.m. de: 160 y 240.
Múltiplos de
12
0 , 12 , 24, 36, 48, 60 , 72, …
b) Método Abreviado para hallar el M.C.M.
Este método abreviado consiste en dividir cada uno de los números por el menor divisor primo posible, hasta
los cocientes sean igual a la unidad.
Ejemplo : Hallar el m.c.m. de: 42 y 56
C) Por el Máximo Común Divisor(M.C.D):
El mínimo común múltiplo (m.c.m ) de dos números es igual a su producto dividido entre su máximo
común divisor (M.C.D).
Ejemplo : Halla el m.c.m. de : 7O y 84
Primero, hallamos el M.C.D de 70 y 84, por medio de divisiones sucesivas, así:
Resolución
Cocientes 𝟏 5
84 70 14
Residuos 14 0
E𝑙 𝑀. 𝐶. 𝐷(70,84) = 14
Luego : M.C.M=
𝑃𝑅𝑂𝐷𝑈𝐶𝑇𝑂 𝐷𝐸 𝐿𝑂𝑆 𝑁Ú𝑀𝐸𝑅𝑂𝑆
𝑀.𝐶.𝐷. 𝐷𝐸 𝐷𝐼𝐶𝐻𝑂𝑆 𝑁Ú𝑀𝐸𝑅𝑂𝑆
De donde :M.C.M=
84𝑋 70
14
=
5880
14
= 420
𝑀. 𝐶. 𝑀(84,70) = 420
Aplicaciones al Cálculo de Fracciones
Para reducir fracciones a mínimo común denominador (m.c.d), se toma como tal el
m.c.m. de los denominadores y se multiplica cada numerador por el cociente de dividir
el denominador común por el denominador respectivo.
I. Mínimo Común Denominador:
Ejemplo : Sean las fracciones:
6
7
,
8
6
,
6
4
II) Fracciones lrreductibles
Una fracción es irreductible si su numerador y su denominador son primos entre si:
Ejemplo
4
7
5
9
,
11
16
;
24
5
10
8
60
42
lll) Simplificar una Fracción
Significa hallar la fracción irreductible equivalente a la fracción dada.
Ejemplo :
Simplificar Ia fracción:
8
24

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Segunda expocision

  • 1. Curso : Construcción de Sistemas Numéricos profesor : Víctor Raúl Vivanco Garfias Estudiante : Richard Berrocal R amos Semestre : 2021- 1 TEMA : Mínimo Común Múltiplo. Propiedades. Teorema que relaciona el mínimo común múltiplo con el máximo común divisor.
  • 2. EL MÍNIMO COMÚN MÚLTIPLO (M.C.M) El mínimo común múltiplo (M.C.M) de dos números es el menor número (distinto de cero ) que es múltiplo común de ambos números . Este concepto se aplica en la suma y resta de los números racionales , al tener que buscar un denominador común para dos o más fracciones . Aplicaciones :
  • 3. MÍNIMO COMÚN MÚLTIPLO (M.C.M) 𝑀𝐶𝑀(6,8) 6 = 6, 12, 18 , 24 , 30 , 36 , 42 , 48 , 54 , 60 , 66…. Primer paso : Encontrar el múltiplo de 6 y 8 8 = 8 , 16 , 24 , 32 , 40 , 48 , 56 , 64 ,72…… Segundo paso : Encontrar común múltiplo 24, 48 ,…… Tercer paso : Encontrar mínimo común múltiplo 24
  • 4. Ejemplos : 4 8 + 5 6 A. Podemos tomar como denominador común a 48, este número contiene a los números 8 y 6 B. Podemos tomar como denominador común a 24 , este número contiene a los números 8 y 6. 4 8 + 5 6 = 40 48 + 24 48 = 64 48 4 8 + 5 6 + 12 24 + 20 24 = 32 24 Respuesta : 4 3 Respuesta: 4 3 En el ejemplo A; no tomamos el mínimo común denominador (M.C.D) En el ejemplo B; se tomó el M.C.D ( el trabajo de sumar y restar números racionales se simplifica muchas veces al tomar como denominador común el m.c.d; para hallar, se busca el m.c.m de los denominadores .)
  • 5. Ejemplos : Hallar el mínimo común múltiplo de 20 y 12 Múltiplos de 20 0 , 20 , 40 , 60 , 80 , 100, . . Este es también es múltiplo de 12 El M.C.M de 20 y 12 es 60 Método para calcular el mínimo común múltiplo (M.C.M) de dos o más números El m.c.m de dos o más números factorizados es el producto de sus factores primos comunes y no comunes afectados de se mayor exponente. a) Por factorización en sus factores primos: Ejemplo: Hallar el m.c.m. de: 160 y 240. Múltiplos de 12 0 , 12 , 24, 36, 48, 60 , 72, …
  • 6. b) Método Abreviado para hallar el M.C.M. Este método abreviado consiste en dividir cada uno de los números por el menor divisor primo posible, hasta los cocientes sean igual a la unidad. Ejemplo : Hallar el m.c.m. de: 42 y 56
  • 7. C) Por el Máximo Común Divisor(M.C.D): El mínimo común múltiplo (m.c.m ) de dos números es igual a su producto dividido entre su máximo común divisor (M.C.D). Ejemplo : Halla el m.c.m. de : 7O y 84 Primero, hallamos el M.C.D de 70 y 84, por medio de divisiones sucesivas, así: Resolución Cocientes 𝟏 5 84 70 14 Residuos 14 0 E𝑙 𝑀. 𝐶. 𝐷(70,84) = 14 Luego : M.C.M= 𝑃𝑅𝑂𝐷𝑈𝐶𝑇𝑂 𝐷𝐸 𝐿𝑂𝑆 𝑁Ú𝑀𝐸𝑅𝑂𝑆 𝑀.𝐶.𝐷. 𝐷𝐸 𝐷𝐼𝐶𝐻𝑂𝑆 𝑁Ú𝑀𝐸𝑅𝑂𝑆 De donde :M.C.M= 84𝑋 70 14 = 5880 14 = 420 𝑀. 𝐶. 𝑀(84,70) = 420
  • 8. Aplicaciones al Cálculo de Fracciones Para reducir fracciones a mínimo común denominador (m.c.d), se toma como tal el m.c.m. de los denominadores y se multiplica cada numerador por el cociente de dividir el denominador común por el denominador respectivo. I. Mínimo Común Denominador: Ejemplo : Sean las fracciones: 6 7 , 8 6 , 6 4
  • 9. II) Fracciones lrreductibles Una fracción es irreductible si su numerador y su denominador son primos entre si: Ejemplo 4 7 5 9 , 11 16 ; 24 5 10 8 60 42
  • 10. lll) Simplificar una Fracción Significa hallar la fracción irreductible equivalente a la fracción dada. Ejemplo : Simplificar Ia fracción: 8 24