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LCM and LCD
Definition of LCM
The least common multiple (LCM) of two or more numbers is
the least number that is the multiple of all of these numbers.
LCM and LCD
Definition of LCM
The least common multiple (LCM) of two or more numbers is
the least number that is the multiple of all of these numbers.
Example A. Find the LCM of 4 and 6.
LCM and LCD
Definition of LCM
The least common multiple (LCM) of two or more numbers is
the least number that is the multiple of all of these numbers.
Example A. Find the LCM of 4 and 6.
The multiples of 4 are 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, …
LCM and LCD
Definition of LCM
The least common multiple (LCM) of two or more numbers is
the least number that is the multiple of all of these numbers.
Example A. Find the LCM of 4 and 6.
The multiples of 4 are 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, …
The multiples of 6 are 6, 12, 18, 24, 30,…
LCM and LCD
Definition of LCM
The least common multiple (LCM) of two or more numbers is
the least number that is the multiple of all of these numbers.
Example A. Find the LCM of 4 and 6.
The multiples of 4 are 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, …
The multiples of 6 are 6, 12, 18, 24, 30,…
The smallest of the common multiples is 12,
LCM and LCD
Definition of LCM
The least common multiple (LCM) of two or more numbers is
the least number that is the multiple of all of these numbers.
Example A. Find the LCM of 4 and 6.
The multiples of 4 are 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, …
The multiples of 6 are 6, 12, 18, 24, 30,…
The smallest of the common multiples is 12, so LCM{4, 6 } = 12.
LCM and LCD
Definition of LCM
The least common multiple (LCM) of two or more numbers is
the least number that is the multiple of all of these numbers.
Example A. Find the LCM of 4 and 6.
The multiples of 4 are 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, …
The multiples of 6 are 6, 12, 18, 24, 30,…
The smallest of the common multiples is 12, so LCM{4, 6 } = 12.
LCM and LCD
We may improve the above listing-method for finding the LCM.
Definition of LCM
The least common multiple (LCM) of two or more numbers is
the least number that is the multiple of all of these numbers.
Example A. Find the LCM of 4 and 6.
The multiples of 4 are 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, …
The multiples of 6 are 6, 12, 18, 24, 30,…
The smallest of the common multiples is 12, so LCM{4, 6 } = 12.
LCM and LCD
We may improve the above listing-method for finding the LCM.
Given two or more numbers, we start with the largest number,
Definition of LCM
The least common multiple (LCM) of two or more numbers is
the least number that is the multiple of all of these numbers.
Example A. Find the LCM of 4 and 6.
The multiples of 4 are 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, …
The multiples of 6 are 6, 12, 18, 24, 30,…
The smallest of the common multiples is 12, so LCM{4, 6 } = 12.
LCM and LCD
We may improve the above listing-method for finding the LCM.
Given two or more numbers, we start with the largest number,
list its multiples in order until we find the one that can divide all
the other numbers.
Definition of LCM
The least common multiple (LCM) of two or more numbers is
the least number that is the multiple of all of these numbers.
Example A. Find the LCM of 4 and 6.
The multiples of 4 are 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, …
The multiples of 6 are 6, 12, 18, 24, 30,…
The smallest of the common multiples is 12, so LCM{4, 6 } = 12.
LCM and LCD
Example B. Find the LCM of 8, 9, and 12.
We may improve the above listing-method for finding the LCM.
Given two or more numbers, we start with the largest number,
list its multiples in order until we find the one that can divide all
the other numbers.
Definition of LCM
The least common multiple (LCM) of two or more numbers is
the least number that is the multiple of all of these numbers.
Example A. Find the LCM of 4 and 6.
The multiples of 4 are 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, …
The multiples of 6 are 6, 12, 18, 24, 30,…
The smallest of the common multiples is 12, so LCM{4, 6 } = 12.
LCM and LCD
Example B. Find the LCM of 8, 9, and 12.
The largest number is 12 and the multiples of 12 are 12, 24,
36, 48, 60, 72, 84 …
We may improve the above listing-method for finding the LCM.
Given two or more numbers, we start with the largest number,
list its multiples in order until we find the one that can divide all
the other numbers.
Definition of LCM
The least common multiple (LCM) of two or more numbers is
the least number that is the multiple of all of these numbers.
Example A. Find the LCM of 4 and 6.
The multiples of 4 are 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, …
The multiples of 6 are 6, 12, 18, 24, 30,…
The smallest of the common multiples is 12, so LCM{4, 6 } = 12.
LCM and LCD
Example B. Find the LCM of 8, 9, and 12.
The largest number is 12 and the multiples of 12 are 12, 24,
36, 48, 60, 72, 84 … The first number that is also a multiple
of 8 and 9 is 72.
We may improve the above listing-method for finding the LCM.
Given two or more numbers, we start with the largest number,
list its multiples in order until we find the one that can divide all
the other numbers.
Definition of LCM
The least common multiple (LCM) of two or more numbers is
the least number that is the multiple of all of these numbers.
Example A. Find the LCM of 4 and 6.
The multiples of 4 are 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, …
The multiples of 6 are 6, 12, 18, 24, 30,…
The smallest of the common multiples is 12, so LCM{4, 6 } = 12.
LCM and LCD
Example B. Find the LCM of 8, 9, and 12.
The largest number is 12 and the multiples of 12 are 12, 24,
36, 48, 60, 72, 84 … The first number that is also a multiple
of 8 and 9 is 72. Hence LCM{8, 9, 12} = 72.
We may improve the above listing-method for finding the LCM.
Given two or more numbers, we start with the largest number,
list its multiples in order until we find the one that can divide all
the other numbers.
But when the LCM is large, the listing method is cumbersome.
LCM and LCD
But when the LCM is large, the listing method is cumbersome.
It's easier to find the LCM by constructing it instead.
LCM and LCD
To construct the LCM:
But when the LCM is large, the listing method is cumbersome.
It's easier to find the LCM by constructing it instead.
LCM and LCD
To construct the LCM:
a. Factor each number completely
But when the LCM is large, the listing method is cumbersome.
It's easier to find the LCM by constructing it instead.
LCM and LCD
To construct the LCM:
a. Factor each number completely
b. For each prime factor, take the highest power appearing in
the factorizations.
But when the LCM is large, the listing method is cumbersome.
It's easier to find the LCM by constructing it instead.
LCM and LCD
To construct the LCM:
a. Factor each number completely
b. For each prime factor, take the highest power appearing in
the factorizations. The LCM is their product.
But when the LCM is large, the listing method is cumbersome.
It's easier to find the LCM by constructing it instead.
LCM and LCD
To construct the LCM:
a. Factor each number completely
b. For each prime factor, take the highest power appearing in
the factorizations. The LCM is their product.
Example C. Construct the LCM of {8, 15, 18}.
But when the LCM is large, the listing method is cumbersome.
It's easier to find the LCM by constructing it instead.
LCM and LCD
To construct the LCM:
a. Factor each number completely
b. For each prime factor, take the highest power appearing in
the factorizations. The LCM is their product.
Example C. Construct the LCM of {8, 15, 18}.
Factor each number completely,
But when the LCM is large, the listing method is cumbersome.
It's easier to find the LCM by constructing it instead.
LCM and LCD
To construct the LCM:
a. Factor each number completely
b. For each prime factor, take the highest power appearing in
the factorizations. The LCM is their product.
Example C. Construct the LCM of {8, 15, 18}.
Factor each number completely,
8 = 23
But when the LCM is large, the listing method is cumbersome.
It's easier to find the LCM by constructing it instead.
LCM and LCD
To construct the LCM:
a. Factor each number completely
b. For each prime factor, take the highest power appearing in
the factorizations. The LCM is their product.
Example C. Construct the LCM of {8, 15, 18}.
Factor each number completely,
8 = 23
15 = 3 * 5
But when the LCM is large, the listing method is cumbersome.
It's easier to find the LCM by constructing it instead.
LCM and LCD
To construct the LCM:
a. Factor each number completely
b. For each prime factor, take the highest power appearing in
the factorizations. The LCM is their product.
Example C. Construct the LCM of {8, 15, 18}.
Factor each number completely,
8 = 23
15 = 3 * 5
18 = 2 * 32
But when the LCM is large, the listing method is cumbersome.
It's easier to find the LCM by constructing it instead.
LCM and LCD
To construct the LCM:
a. Factor each number completely
b. For each prime factor, take the highest power appearing in
the factorizations. The LCM is their product.
Example C. Construct the LCM of {8, 15, 18}.
Factor each number completely,
8 = 23
15 = 3 * 5
18 = 2 * 32
From the factorization select the highest degree of each prime
factor:
But when the LCM is large, the listing method is cumbersome.
It's easier to find the LCM by constructing it instead.
LCM and LCD
To construct the LCM:
a. Factor each number completely
b. For each prime factor, take the highest power appearing in
the factorizations. The LCM is their product.
Example C. Construct the LCM of {8, 15, 18}.
Factor each number completely,
8 = 23
15 = 3 * 5
18 = 2 * 32
From the factorization select the highest degree of each prime
factor:
But when the LCM is large, the listing method is cumbersome.
It's easier to find the LCM by constructing it instead.
LCM and LCD
To construct the LCM:
a. Factor each number completely
b. For each prime factor, take the highest power appearing in
the factorizations. The LCM is their product.
Example C. Construct the LCM of {8, 15, 18}.
Factor each number completely,
8 = 23
15 = 3 * 5
18 = 2 * 32
From the factorization select the highest degree of each prime
factor
But when the LCM is large, the listing method is cumbersome.
It's easier to find the LCM by constructing it instead.
LCM and LCD
To construct the LCM:
a. Factor each number completely
b. For each prime factor, take the highest power appearing in
the factorizations. The LCM is their product.
But when the LCM is large, the listing method is cumbersome.
It's easier to find the LCM by constructing it instead.
LCM and LCD
Example C. Construct the LCM of {8, 15, 18}.
Factor each number completely,
8 = 23
15 = 3 * 5
18 = 2 * 32
From the factorization select the highest degree of each prime
factor: 23, 32, 5,
To construct the LCM:
a. Factor each number completely
b. For each prime factor, take the highest power appearing in
the factorizations. The LCM is their product.
But when the LCM is large, the listing method is cumbersome.
It's easier to find the LCM by constructing it instead.
LCM and LCD
Example C. Construct the LCM of {8, 15, 18}.
Factor each number completely,
8 = 23
15 = 3 * 5
18 = 2 * 32
From the factorization select the highest degree of each prime
factor: 23, 32, 5, then LCM{8, 15, 18} = 23*32*5 = 8*9*5 = 360.
To construct the LCM:
a. Factor each number completely
b. For each prime factor, take the highest power appearing in
the factorizations. The LCM is their product.
But when the LCM is large, the listing method is cumbersome.
It's easier to find the LCM by constructing it instead.
LCM and LCD
Example C. Construct the LCM of {8, 15, 18}.
Factor each number completely,
8 = 23
15 = 3 * 5
18 = 2 * 32
From the factorization select the highest degree of each prime
factor: 23, 32, 5, then LCM{8, 15, 18} = 23*32*5 = 8*9*5 = 360.
To construct the LCM:
a. Factor each number completely
b. For each prime factor, take the highest power appearing in
the factorizations. The LCM is their product.
But when the LCM is large, the listing method is cumbersome.
It's easier to find the LCM by constructing it instead.
LCM and LCD
The LCM of the denominators of a list of fractions is called the
least common denominator (LCD).
Example C. Construct the LCM of {8, 15, 18}.
Factor each number completely,
8 = 23
15 = 3 * 5
18 = 2 * 32
From the factorization select the highest degree of each prime
factor: 23, 32, 5, then LCM{8, 15, 18} = 23*32*5 = 8*9*5 = 360.
To construct the LCM:
a. Factor each number completely
b. For each prime factor, take the highest power appearing in
the factorizations. The LCM is their product.
Example C. Construct the LCM of {8, 15, 18}.
Factor each number completely,
8 = 23
15 = 3 * 5
18 = 2 * 32
From the factorization select the highest degree of each prime
factor: 23, 32, 5, then LCM{8, 15, 18} = 23*32*5 = 8*9*5 = 360.
But when the LCM is large, the listing method is cumbersome.
It's easier to find the LCM by constructing it instead.
LCM and LCD
The LCM of the denominators of a list of fractions is called the
least common denominator (LCD). Following is an
application of the LCM.
Example D. From one pizza, Joe wants 1/3, Mary wants 1/4
and Chuck wants 1/6.
LCM and LCD
Example D. From one pizza, Joe wants 1/3, Mary wants 1/4
and Chuck wants 1/6.
LCM and LCD
Mary Chuck
In picture:
Joe
Example D. From one pizza, Joe wants 1/3, Mary wants 1/4
and Chuck wants 1/6. How many equal slices should we cut
the pizza into and how many slices should each person take?
LCM and LCD
Mary Chuck
In picture:
Joe
Example D. From one pizza, Joe wants 1/3, Mary wants 1/4
and Chuck wants 1/6. How many equal slices should we cut
the pizza into and how many slices should each person take?
What is the fractional amount of the pizza they want in total?
LCM and LCD
Mary Chuck
In picture:
Joe
Example D. From one pizza, Joe wants 1/3, Mary wants 1/4
and Chuck wants 1/6. How many equal slices should we cut
the pizza into and how many slices should each person take?
What is the fractional amount of the pizza they want in total?
LCM and LCD
We find the LCM of 1/3, 1/4, 1/6 by searching.
Mary Chuck
In picture:
Joe
Example D. From one pizza, Joe wants 1/3, Mary wants 1/4
and Chuck wants 1/6. How many equal slices should we cut
the pizza into and how many slices should each person take?
What is the fractional amount of the pizza they want in total?
LCM and LCD
We find the LCM of 1/3, 1/4, 1/6 by searching. The multiples of
6 are 6, 12, 18, 24, …
Mary Chuck
In picture:
Joe
Example D. From one pizza, Joe wants 1/3, Mary wants 1/4
and Chuck wants 1/6. How many equal slices should we cut
the pizza into and how many slices should each person take?
What is the fractional amount of the pizza they want in total?
LCM and LCD
We find the LCM of 1/3, 1/4, 1/6 by searching. The multiples of
6 are 6, 12, 18, 24, … Since 12 is also the multiple of 3 and 4,
then 12 is the LCM.
Mary Chuck
In picture:
Joe
Example D. From one pizza, Joe wants 1/3, Mary wants 1/4
and Chuck wants 1/6. How many equal slices should we cut
the pizza into and how many slices should each person take?
What is the fractional amount of the pizza they want in total?
LCM and LCD
We find the LCM of 1/3, 1/4, 1/6 by searching. The multiples of
6 are 6, 12, 18, 24, … Since 12 is also the multiple of 3 and 4,
then 12 is the LCM. Hence we should cut it into 12 slices
Mary Chuck
In picture:
Joe
Example D. From one pizza, Joe wants 1/3, Mary wants 1/4
and Chuck wants 1/6. How many equal slices should we cut
the pizza into and how many slices should each person take?
What is the fractional amount of the pizza they want in total?
Joe gets 12*
LCM and LCD
We find the LCM of 1/3, 1/4, 1/6 by searching. The multiples of
6 are 6, 12, 18, 24, … Since 12 is also the multiple of 3 and 4,
then 12 is the LCM. Hence we should cut it into 12 slices and
Mary Chuck
In picture:
Joe
1
3
Example D. From one pizza, Joe wants 1/3, Mary wants 1/4
and Chuck wants 1/6. How many equal slices should we cut
the pizza into and how many slices should each person take?
What is the fractional amount of the pizza they want in total?
Joe gets 12* = 4 slices
LCM and LCD
We find the LCM of 1/3, 1/4, 1/6 by searching. The multiples of
6 are 6, 12, 18, 24, … Since 12 is also the multiple of 3 and 4,
then 12 is the LCM. Hence we should cut it into 12 slices and
Mary Chuck
In picture:
Joe
1
3
Example D. From one pizza, Joe wants 1/3, Mary wants 1/4
and Chuck wants 1/6. How many equal slices should we cut
the pizza into and how many slices should each person take?
What is the fractional amount of the pizza they want in total?
Joe gets 12* = 4 slices 1
4
Mary gets 12*
LCM and LCD
We find the LCM of 1/3, 1/4, 1/6 by searching. The multiples of
6 are 6, 12, 18, 24, … Since 12 is also the multiple of 3 and 4,
then 12 is the LCM. Hence we should cut it into 12 slices and
Mary Chuck
In picture:
Joe
1
3
Example D. From one pizza, Joe wants 1/3, Mary wants 1/4
and Chuck wants 1/6. How many equal slices should we cut
the pizza into and how many slices should each person take?
What is the fractional amount of the pizza they want in total?
Joe gets 12* = 4 slices 1
4
Mary gets 12* = 3 slices
LCM and LCD
We find the LCM of 1/3, 1/4, 1/6 by searching. The multiples of
6 are 6, 12, 18, 24, … Since 12 is also the multiple of 3 and 4,
then 12 is the LCM. Hence we should cut it into 12 slices and
Mary Chuck
In picture:
Joe
1
3
Example D. From one pizza, Joe wants 1/3, Mary wants 1/4
and Chuck wants 1/6. How many equal slices should we cut
the pizza into and how many slices should each person take?
What is the fractional amount of the pizza they want in total?
Joe gets 12* = 4 slices 1
4
Mary gets 12* = 3 slices
1
6
Chuck gets 12*
LCM and LCD
We find the LCM of 1/3, 1/4, 1/6 by searching. The multiples of
6 are 6, 12, 18, 24, … Since 12 is also the multiple of 3 and 4,
then 12 is the LCM. Hence we should cut it into 12 slices and
Mary Chuck
In picture:
Joe
1
3
Example D. From one pizza, Joe wants 1/3, Mary wants 1/4
and Chuck wants 1/6. How many equal slices should we cut
the pizza into and how many slices should each person take?
What is the fractional amount of the pizza they want in total?
Joe gets 12* = 4 slices 1
4
Mary gets 12* = 3 slices
1
6
Chuck gets 12* = 2 slices
LCM and LCD
We find the LCM of 1/3, 1/4, 1/6 by searching. The multiples of
6 are 6, 12, 18, 24, … Since 12 is also the multiple of 3 and 4,
then 12 is the LCM. Hence we should cut it into 12 slices and
Mary Chuck
In picture:
Joe
1
3
Example D. From one pizza, Joe wants 1/3, Mary wants 1/4
and Chuck wants 1/6. How many equal slices should we cut
the pizza into and how many slices should each person take?
What is the fractional amount of the pizza they want in total?
Joe gets 12* = 4 slices 1
4
Mary gets 12* = 3 slices
1
6
Chuck gets 12* = 2 slices
LCM and LCD
We find the LCM of 1/3, 1/4, 1/6 by searching. The multiples of
6 are 6, 12, 18, 24, … Since 12 is also the multiple of 3 and 4,
then 12 is the LCM. Hence we should cut it into 12 slices and
Mary Chuck
In picture:
Joe
1
3
In total, that is 4 + 2 + 3 = 9 slices,
Example D. From one pizza, Joe wants 1/3, Mary wants 1/4
and Chuck wants 1/6. How many equal slices should we cut
the pizza into and how many slices should each person take?
What is the fractional amount of the pizza they want in total?
Joe gets 12* = 4 slices 1
4
Mary gets 12* = 3 slices
1
6
Chuck gets 12* = 2 slices
LCM and LCD
We find the LCM of 1/3, 1/4, 1/6 by searching. The multiples of
6 are 6, 12, 18, 24, … Since 12 is also the multiple of 3 and 4,
then 12 is the LCM. Hence we should cut it into 12 slices and
Mary Chuck
In picture:
Joe
1
3
In total, that is 4 + 2 + 3 = 9 slices, or of the pizza.
9
12
Example D. From one pizza, Joe wants 1/3, Mary wants 1/4
and Chuck wants 1/6. How many equal slices should we cut
the pizza into and how many slices should each person take?
What is the fractional amount of the pizza they want in total?
Joe gets 12* = 4 slices 1
4
Mary gets 12* = 3 slices
1
6
Chuck gets 12* = 2 slices
LCM and LCD
We find the LCM of 1/3, 1/4, 1/6 by searching. The multiples of
6 are 6, 12, 18, 24, … Since 12 is also the multiple of 3 and 4,
then 12 is the LCM. Hence we should cut it into 12 slices and
Mary Chuck
In picture:
Joe
1
3
In total, that is 4 + 2 + 3 = 9 slices, or of the pizza.
9
12 =
3
4
Your Turn: From one pizza, Joe wants 3/8 of it, Mary wants 1/6
of it and Chuck wants 5/12 of it. How many equal slices should
we cut the pizza and how many slices should each person
take?
LCM and LCD
Your Turn: From one pizza, Joe wants 3/8 of it, Mary wants 1/6
of it and Chuck wants 5/12 of it. How many equal slices should
we cut the pizza and how many slices should each person
take?
LCM and LCD
In the above example, we found that is the same .
1
3
4
12
Your Turn: From one pizza, Joe wants 3/8 of it, Mary wants 1/6
of it and Chuck wants 5/12 of it. How many equal slices should
we cut the pizza and how many slices should each person
take?
LCM and LCD
In the above example, we found that is the same .
1
3
4
12
The following theorem tells us how to convert the denominator
of a fraction to a fraction with a different denominator.
Your Turn: From one pizza, Joe wants 3/8 of it, Mary wants 1/6
of it and Chuck wants 5/12 of it. How many equal slices should
we cut the pizza and how many slices should each person
take?
LCM and LCD
In the above example, we found that is the same .
1
3
4
12
The following theorem tells us how to convert the denominator
of a fraction to a fraction with a different denominator.
Multiplier Theorem:
Your Turn: From one pizza, Joe wants 3/8 of it, Mary wants 1/6
of it and Chuck wants 5/12 of it. How many equal slices should
we cut the pizza and how many slices should each person
take?
LCM and LCD
In the above example, we found that is the same .
1
3
4
12
The following theorem tells us how to convert the denominator
of a fraction to a fraction with a different denominator.
Multiplier Theorem:
To convert the fraction into a fraction with denominator d,
the new numerator is * d.
a
b
a
b
Your Turn: From one pizza, Joe wants 3/8 of it, Mary wants 1/6
of it and Chuck wants 5/12 of it. How many equal slices should
we cut the pizza and how many slices should each person
take?
LCM and LCD
In the above example, we found that is the same .
1
3
4
12
The following theorem tells us how to convert the denominator
of a fraction to a fraction with a different denominator.
Multiplier Theorem:
To convert the fraction into a fraction with denominator d,
the new numerator is * d.
a
b
a
b
Example D: Convert to a fraction with denominator 48.
9
16
Your Turn: From one pizza, Joe wants 3/8 of it, Mary wants 1/6
of it and Chuck wants 5/12 of it. How many equal slices should
we cut the pizza and how many slices should each person
take?
LCM and LCD
In the above example, we found that is the same .
1
3
4
12
The following theorem tells us how to convert the denominator
of a fraction to a fraction with a different denominator.
Multiplier Theorem:
To convert the fraction into a fraction with denominator d,
the new numerator is * d.
a
b
a
b
Example D: Convert to a fraction with denominator 48.
The new denominator is 48,
9
16
Your Turn: From one pizza, Joe wants 3/8 of it, Mary wants 1/6
of it and Chuck wants 5/12 of it. How many equal slices should
we cut the pizza and how many slices should each person
take?
LCM and LCD
In the above example, we found that is the same .
1
3
4
12
The following theorem tells us how to convert the denominator
of a fraction to a fraction with a different denominator.
Multiplier Theorem:
To convert the fraction into a fraction with denominator d,
the new numerator is * d.
a
b
a
b
Example D: Convert to a fraction with denominator 48.
The new denominator is 48, then the new numerator is
48*
9
16
9
16
Your Turn: From one pizza, Joe wants 3/8 of it, Mary wants 1/6
of it and Chuck wants 5/12 of it. How many equal slices should
we cut the pizza and how many slices should each person
take?
LCM and LCD
In the above example, we found that is the same .
1
3
4
12
The following theorem tells us how to convert the denominator
of a fraction to a fraction with a different denominator.
Multiplier Theorem:
To convert the fraction into a fraction with denominator d,
the new numerator is * d.
a
b
a
b
Example D: Convert to a fraction with denominator 48.
The new denominator is 48, then the new numerator is
48*
9
16
9
16
3
Your Turn: From one pizza, Joe wants 3/8 of it, Mary wants 1/6
of it and Chuck wants 5/12 of it. How many equal slices should
we cut the pizza and how many slices should each person
take?
LCM and LCD
In the above example, we found that is the same .
1
3
4
12
The following theorem tells us how to convert the denominator
of a fraction to a fraction with a different denominator.
Multiplier Theorem:
To convert the fraction into a fraction with denominator d,
the new numerator is * d.
a
b
a
b
Example D: Convert to a fraction with denominator 48.
The new denominator is 48, then the new numerator is
48* = 27 so =
9
16
9
16
3
9
16
27
48 .
Suppose a pizza is cut into 4 equal slices
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
Suppose a pizza is cut into 4 equal slices
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
Suppose a pizza is cut into 4 equal slices and Joe takes
one slice or ¼ of the pizza,
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
1
4
Suppose a pizza is cut into 4 equal slices and Joe takes
one slice or ¼ of the pizza, Mary takes two slices or 2/4 of
the pizza,
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
1
4
2
4
Suppose a pizza is cut into 4 equal slices and Joe takes
one slice or ¼ of the pizza, Mary takes two slices or 2/4 of
the pizza, altogether they take
+
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
1
4
2
4
1
4
2
4
Suppose a pizza is cut into 4 equal slices and Joe takes
one slice or ¼ of the pizza, Mary takes two slices or 2/4 of
the pizza, altogether they take
+
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
1
4
2
4
= 3
4
of the entire pizza.
1
4
2
4
Suppose a pizza is cut into 4 equal slices and Joe takes
one slice or ¼ of the pizza, Mary takes two slices or 2/4 of
the pizza, altogether they take
+
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
1
4
2
4
= 3
4
of the entire pizza. In picture:
+ =
1
4
2
4
3
4
Suppose a pizza is cut into 4 equal slices and Joe takes
one slice or ¼ of the pizza, Mary takes two slices or 2/4 of
the pizza, altogether they take
+
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions With the Same
Denominator
1
4
2
4
= 3
4
of the entire pizza. In picture:
+ =
1
4
2
4
3
4
Suppose a pizza is cut into 4 equal slices and Joe takes
one slice or ¼ of the pizza, Mary takes two slices or 2/4 of
the pizza, altogether they take
+
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions With the Same
Denominator
To add or subtract fractions of the same denominator, keep
the same denominator, add or subtract the numerators
1
4
2
4
= 3
4
of the entire pizza. In picture:
+ =
1
4
2
4
3
4
Suppose a pizza is cut into 4 equal slices and Joe takes
one slice or ¼ of the pizza, Mary takes two slices or 2/4 of
the pizza, altogether they take
+
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions With the Same
Denominator
To add or subtract fractions of the same denominator, keep
the same denominator, add or subtract the numerators
1
4
2
4
= 3
4
of the entire pizza. In picture:
±
a
d
b
d
= a ± b
d
+ =
1
4
2
4
3
4
Suppose a pizza is cut into 4 equal slices and Joe takes
one slice or ¼ of the pizza, Mary takes two slices or 2/4 of
the pizza, altogether they take
+
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions With the Same
Denominator
To add or subtract fractions of the same denominator, keep
the same denominator, add or subtract the numerators
,then simplify the result.
1
4
2
4
= 3
4
of the entire pizza. In picture:
±
a
d
b
d
= a ± b
d
+ =
1
4
2
4
3
4
Example A:
a. 7
12
+
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
11
12
Example A:
a. 7
12
+ =
7 + 11
12
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
11
12 =
Example A:
a. 7
12
+ =
7 + 11
12
18
12
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
11
12 =
Example A:
a. 7
12
+ =
7 + 11
12
18
12
= 18/6
12/6
=
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
11
12 =
Example A:
a. 7
12
+ =
7 + 11
12
18
12
= 3
2
18/6
12/6
=
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
11
12 =
Example A:
a. 7
12
+ =
7 + 11
12
18
12
= 3
2
18/6
12/6
=
+ =b.
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
8
15
4
15
– 2
15
11
12 =
Example A:
a. 7
12
+ =
7 + 11
12
18
12
= 3
2
18/6
12/6
=
+ = 8 + 4 – 2
15
=b.
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
8
15
4
15
– 2
15
11
12 =
Example A:
a. 7
12
+ =
7 + 11
12
18
12
= 3
2
18/6
12/6
=
+ = 8 + 4 – 2
15
=b.
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
8
15
4
15
– 2
15
10
15
11
12 =
Example A:
a. 7
12
+ =
7 + 11
12
18
12
= 3
2
18/6
12/6
=
+ = 8 + 4 – 2
15
= 2
3
=b.
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
8
15
4
15
– 2
15
10
15
11
12 =
Example A:
a. 7
12
+ =
7 + 11
12
18
12
= 3
2
18/6
12/6
=
+ = 8 + 4 – 2
15
= 2
3
=b.
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
8
15
4
15
– 2
15
10
15
11
12 =
Fractions with different denominators can’t be added directly
since the “size” of the fractions don’t match.
Example A:
a. 7
12
+ =
7 + 11
12
18
12
= 3
2
18/6
12/6
=
+ = 8 + 4 – 2
15
= 2
3
=b.
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
8
15
4
15
– 2
15
10
15
11
12 =
Fractions with different denominators can’t be added directly
since the “size” of the fractions don’t match. For example
1
2
Example A:
a. 7
12
+ =
7 + 11
12
18
12
= 3
2
18/6
12/6
=
+ = 8 + 4 – 2
15
= 2
3
=b.
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
8
15
4
15
– 2
15
10
15
11
12 =
Fractions with different denominators can’t be added directly
since the “size” of the fractions don’t match. For example
+
1
2
1
3
Example A:
a. 7
12
+ =
7 + 11
12
18
12
= 3
2
18/6
12/6
=
+ = 8 + 4 – 2
15
= 2
3
=b.
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
8
15
4
15
– 2
15
10
15
11
12 =
Fractions with different denominators can’t be added directly
since the “size” of the fractions don’t match. For example
+
1
2
1
3
=
?
?
Example A:
a. 7
12
+ =
7 + 11
12
18
12
= 3
2
18/6
12/6
=
+ = 8 + 4 – 2
15
= 2
3
=b.
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
8
15
4
15
– 2
15
10
15
11
12 =
Fractions with different denominators can’t be added directly
since the “size” of the fractions don’t match. For example
To add them, first find the LCD of ½ and 1/3, which is 6.
+
1
2
1
3
=
?
?
Example A:
a. 7
12
+ =
7 + 11
12
18
12
= 3
2
18/6
12/6
=
+ = 8 + 4 – 2
15
= 2
3
=b.
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
8
15
4
15
– 2
15
10
15
11
12 =
Fractions with different denominators can’t be added directly
since the “size” of the fractions don’t match. For example
To add them, first find the LCD of ½ and 1/3, which is 6.
We then cut each pizza into 6 slices.
+
1
2
1
3
=
?
?
Example A:
a. 7
12
+ =
7 + 11
12
18
12
= 3
2
18/6
12/6
=
+ = 8 + 4 – 2
15
= 2
3
=b.
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
8
15
4
15
– 2
15
10
15
11
12 =
Fractions with different denominators can’t be added directly
since the “size” of the fractions don’t match. For example
To add them, first find the LCD of ½ and 1/3, which is 6.
We then cut each pizza into 6 slices. Both fractions may be
converted to have the denominator 6.
+
1
2
1
3
=
?
?
Example A:
a. 7
12
+ =
7 + 11
12
18
12
= 3
2
18/6
12/6
=
+ = 8 + 4 – 2
15
= 2
3
=b.
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
8
15
4
15
– 2
15
10
15
11
12 =
Fractions with different denominators can’t be added directly
since the “size” of the fractions don’t match. For example
To add them, first find the LCD of ½ and 1/3, which is 6.
We then cut each pizza into 6 slices. Both fractions may be
converted to have the denominator 6. Specifically,
1
2
=
3
6
1
3
=
2
6
+
1
2
1
3
=
?
?
Example A:
a. 7
12
+ =
7 + 11
12
18
12
= 3
2
18/6
12/6
=
+ = 8 + 4 – 2
15
= 2
3
=b.
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
8
15
4
15
– 2
15
10
15
11
12 =
Fractions with different denominators can’t be added directly
since the “size” of the fractions don’t match. For example
To add them, first find the LCD of ½ and 1/3, which is 6.
We then cut each pizza into 6 slices. Both fractions may be
converted to have the denominator 6. Specifically,
1
2
=
3
6
1
3
=
2
6
+
1
2
1
3
=
?
?
Example A:
a. 7
12
+ =
7 + 11
12
18
12
= 3
2
18/6
12/6
=
+ = 8 + 4 – 2
15
= 2
3
=b.
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
8
15
4
15
– 2
15
10
15
11
12 =
Fractions with different denominators can’t be added directly
since the “size” of the fractions don’t match. For example
To add them, first find the LCD of ½ and 1/3, which is 6.
We then cut each pizza into 6 slices. Both fractions may be
converted to have the denominator 6. Specifically,
+
1
2
=
3
6
1
3
=
2
6
3
6
1
3
=
?
?
Example A:
a. 7
12
+ =
7 + 11
12
18
12
= 3
2
18/6
12/6
=
+ = 8 + 4 – 2
15
= 2
3
=b.
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
8
15
4
15
– 2
15
10
15
11
12 =
Fractions with different denominators can’t be added directly
since the “size” of the fractions don’t match. For example
To add them, first find the LCD of ½ and 1/3, which is 6.
We then cut each pizza into 6 slices. Both fractions may be
converted to have the denominator 6. Specifically,
+
1
2
=
3
6
1
3
=
2
6
3
6
1
3
=
?
?
Example A:
a. 7
12
+ =
7 + 11
12
18
12
= 3
2
18/6
12/6
=
+ = 8 + 4 – 2
15
= 2
3
=b.
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
8
15
4
15
– 2
15
10
15
11
12 =
Fractions with different denominators can’t be added directly
since the “size” of the fractions don’t match. For example
To add them, first find the LCD of ½ and 1/3, which is 6.
We then cut each pizza into 6 slices. Both fractions may be
converted to have the denominator 6. Specifically,
+
1
2
=
3
6
1
3
=
2
6
3
6
2
6
=
?
?
Example A:
a. 7
12
+ =
7 + 11
12
18
12
= 3
2
18/6
12/6
=
+ = 8 + 4 – 2
15
= 2
3
=b.
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
8
15
4
15
– 2
15
10
15
11
12 =
Fractions with different denominators can’t be added directly
since the “size” of the fractions don’t match. For example
To add them, first find the LCD of ½ and 1/3, which is 6.
We then cut each pizza into 6 slices. Both fractions may be
converted to have the denominator 6. Specifically,
+
3
6
2
6
=
1
2
=
3
6
1
3
=
2
6
Hence,
1
2
+
1
3
=
3
6
+
2
6
=
5
6
5
6
We need to convert fractions of different denominators to
a common denominator in order to add or subtract them.
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
We need to convert fractions of different denominators to
a common denominator in order to add or subtract them.
The easiest common denominator to use is the LCD, the least
common denominator.
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
We need to convert fractions of different denominators to
a common denominator in order to add or subtract them.
The easiest common denominator to use is the LCD, the least
common denominator. We list the steps below.
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
We need to convert fractions of different denominators to
a common denominator in order to add or subtract them.
The easiest common denominator to use is the LCD, the least
common denominator. We list the steps below.
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions With the Different
Denominator
We need to convert fractions of different denominators to
a common denominator in order to add or subtract them.
The easiest common denominator to use is the LCD, the least
common denominator. We list the steps below.
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions With the Different
Denominator
1. Find their LCD
We need to convert fractions of different denominators to
a common denominator in order to add or subtract them.
The easiest common denominator to use is the LCD, the least
common denominator. We list the steps below.
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions With the Different
Denominator
1. Find their LCD
2. Convert all the different-denominator-fractions to the have
the LCD as the denominator.
We need to convert fractions of different denominators to
a common denominator in order to add or subtract them.
The easiest common denominator to use is the LCD, the least
common denominator. We list the steps below.
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions With the Different
Denominator
1. Find their LCD
2. Convert all the different-denominator-fractions to the have
the LCD as the denominator.
3. Add and subtract the adjusted fractions then simplify the
result.
We need to convert fractions of different denominators to
a common denominator in order to add or subtract them.
The easiest common denominator to use is the LCD, the least
common denominator. We list the steps below.
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions With the Different
Denominator
1. Find their LCD
2. Convert all the different-denominator-fractions to the have
the LCD as the denominator.
3. Add and subtract the adjusted fractions then simplify the
result.
Example B:
5
6
3
8
+a.
We need to convert fractions of different denominators to
a common denominator in order to add or subtract them.
The easiest common denominator to use is the LCD, the least
common denominator. We list the steps below.
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions With the Different
Denominator
1. Find their LCD
2. Convert all the different-denominator-fractions to the have
the LCD as the denominator.
3. Add and subtract the adjusted fractions then simplify the
result.
Example B:
5
6
3
8
+a.
Step 1: To find the LCD, list the multiples of 8
We need to convert fractions of different denominators to
a common denominator in order to add or subtract them.
The easiest common denominator to use is the LCD, the least
common denominator. We list the steps below.
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions With the Different
Denominator
1. Find their LCD
2. Convert all the different-denominator-fractions to the have
the LCD as the denominator.
3. Add and subtract the adjusted fractions then simplify the
result.
Example B:
5
6
3
8
+a.
Step 1: To find the LCD, list the multiples of 8 which are
8, 16, 24, ..
We need to convert fractions of different denominators to
a common denominator in order to add or subtract them.
The easiest common denominator to use is the LCD, the least
common denominator. We list the steps below.
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions With the Different
Denominator
1. Find their LCD
2. Convert all the different-denominator-fractions to the have
the LCD as the denominator.
3. Add and subtract the adjusted fractions then simplify the
result.
Example B:
5
6
3
8
+a.
Step 1: To find the LCD, list the multiples of 8 which are
8, 16, 24, .. we see that the LCD is 24.
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
Step 2: Convert each fraction to have 24 as the denominator.
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
Step 2: Convert each fraction to have 24 as the denominator.
For , the new numerator is 24 * = 20,
5
6
5
6
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
Step 2: Convert each fraction to have 24 as the denominator.
For , the new numerator is 24 * = 20, hence
5
6
5
6
5
6
=
20
24
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
Step 2: Convert each fraction to have 24 as the denominator.
For , the new numerator is 24 * = 20, hence
5
6
5
6
5
6
=
20
24
For , the new numerator is 24 * = 9,
3
8
3
8
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
Step 2: Convert each fraction to have 24 as the denominator.
For , the new numerator is 24 * = 20, hence
5
6
5
6
5
6
=
20
24
For , the new numerator is 24 * = 9, hence
3
8
3
8
3
8
=
9
24
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
Step 2: Convert each fraction to have 24 as the denominator.
For , the new numerator is 24 * = 20, hence
5
6
5
6
5
6
=
20
24
For , the new numerator is 24 * = 9, hence
3
8
3
8
3
8
=
9
24
Step 3: Add the converted fractions.
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
Step 2: Convert each fraction to have 24 as the denominator.
For , the new numerator is 24 * = 20, hence
5
6
5
6
5
6
=
20
24
For , the new numerator is 24 * = 9, hence
3
8
3
8
3
8
=
9
24
Step 3: Add the converted fractions.
5
6
3
8
+ =
20
24
+
9
24
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
Step 2: Convert each fraction to have 24 as the denominator.
For , the new numerator is 24 * = 20, hence
5
6
5
6
5
6
=
20
24
For , the new numerator is 24 * = 9, hence
3
8
3
8
3
8
=
9
24
Step 3: Add the converted fractions.
5
6
3
8
+ =
20
24
+
9
24
=
29
24
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
Step 2: Convert each fraction to have 24 as the denominator.
For , the new numerator is 24 * = 20, hence
5
6
5
6
5
6
=
20
24
For , the new numerator is 24 * = 9, hence
3
8
3
8
3
8
=
9
24
Step 3: Add the converted fractions.
5
6
3
8
+ =
20
24
+
9
24
=
29
24
b.
7
12
5
8
+ –
16
9
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
Step 2: Convert each fraction to have 24 as the denominator.
For , the new numerator is 24 * = 20, hence
5
6
5
6
5
6
=
20
24
For , the new numerator is 24 * = 9, hence
3
8
3
8
3
8
=
9
24
Step 3: Add the converted fractions.
5
6
3
8
+ =
20
24
+
9
24
=
29
24
b.
7
12
5
8
+ The LCD is 48.–
16
9
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
Step 2: Convert each fraction to have 24 as the denominator.
For , the new numerator is 24 * = 20, hence
5
6
5
6
5
6
=
20
24
For , the new numerator is 24 * = 9, hence
3
8
3
8
3
8
=
9
24
Step 3: Add the converted fractions.
5
6
3
8
+ =
20
24
+
9
24
=
29
24
b.
7
12
5
8
+ The LCD is 48.–
16
9
Convert:
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
Step 2: Convert each fraction to have 24 as the denominator.
For , the new numerator is 24 * = 20, hence
5
6
5
6
5
6
=
20
24
For , the new numerator is 24 * = 9, hence
3
8
3
8
3
8
=
9
24
Step 3: Add the converted fractions.
5
6
3
8
+ =
20
24
+
9
24
=
29
24
b.
7
12
5
8
+ The LCD is 48.
= 28
–
16
9
Convert:
7
12
48 *
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
Step 2: Convert each fraction to have 24 as the denominator.
For , the new numerator is 24 * = 20, hence
5
6
5
6
5
6
=
20
24
For , the new numerator is 24 * = 9, hence
3
8
3
8
3
8
=
9
24
Step 3: Add the converted fractions.
5
6
3
8
+ =
20
24
+
9
24
=
29
24
b.
7
12
5
8
+ The LCD is 48.
= 28
–
16
9
Convert:
7
12
48 * so
7
12
= 28
48
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
Step 2: Convert each fraction to have 24 as the denominator.
For , the new numerator is 24 * = 20, hence
5
6
5
6
5
6
=
20
24
For , the new numerator is 24 * = 9, hence
3
8
3
8
3
8
=
9
24
Step 3: Add the converted fractions.
5
6
3
8
+ =
20
24
+
9
24
=
29
24
b.
7
12
5
8
+ The LCD is 48.
= 28
–
16
9
Convert:
7
12
48 * so
7
12
= 28
48
= 30
5
8
48 *
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
Step 2: Convert each fraction to have 24 as the denominator.
For , the new numerator is 24 * = 20, hence
5
6
5
6
5
6
=
20
24
For , the new numerator is 24 * = 9, hence
3
8
3
8
3
8
=
9
24
Step 3: Add the converted fractions.
5
6
3
8
+ =
20
24
+
9
24
=
29
24
b.
7
12
5
8
+ The LCD is 48.
= 28
–
16
9
Convert:
7
12
48 * so
7
12
= 28
48
= 30
5
8
48 * so
5
8
= 30
48
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
Step 2: Convert each fraction to have 24 as the denominator.
For , the new numerator is 24 * = 20, hence
5
6
5
6
5
6
=
20
24
For , the new numerator is 24 * = 9, hence
3
8
3
8
3
8
=
9
24
Step 3: Add the converted fractions.
5
6
3
8
+ =
20
24
+
9
24
=
29
24
b.
7
12
5
8
+ The LCD is 48.
= 28
–
16
9
Convert:
7
12
48 * so
7
12
= 28
48
= 30
5
8
48 * so
5
8
= 30
48
= 27
9
16
48 *
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
Step 2: Convert each fraction to have 24 as the denominator.
For , the new numerator is 24 * = 20, hence
5
6
5
6
5
6
=
20
24
For , the new numerator is 24 * = 9, hence
3
8
3
8
3
8
=
9
24
Step 3: Add the converted fractions.
5
6
3
8
+ =
20
24
+
9
24
=
29
24
b.
7
12
5
8
+ The LCD is 48.
= 28
–
16
9
Convert:
7
12
48 * so
7
12
= 28
48
= 30
5
8
48 * so
5
8
= 30
48
= 27
9
16
48 * so
9
16
=
27
48
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
Step 2: Convert each fraction to have 24 as the denominator.
For , the new numerator is 24 * = 20, hence
5
6
5
6
5
6
=
20
24
For , the new numerator is 24 * = 9, hence
3
8
3
8
3
8
=
9
24
Step 3: Add the converted fractions.
5
6
3
8
+ =
20
24
+
9
24
=
29
24
b.
7
12
5
8
+ The LCD is 48.
= 28=
–
16
9
Convert:
7
12
48 * so
7
12
= 28
48
= 30
5
8
48 * so
5
8
= 30
48
= 27
9
16
48 * so
9
16
=
27
48
28
48
+
30
48
–
27
48
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
Step 2: Convert each fraction to have 24 as the denominator.
For , the new numerator is 24 * = 20, hence
5
6
5
6
5
6
=
20
24
For , the new numerator is 24 * = 9, hence
3
8
3
8
3
8
=
9
24
Step 3: Add the converted fractions.
5
6
3
8
+ =
20
24
+
9
24
=
29
24
b.
7
12
5
8
+ The LCD is 48.
= 28=
–
16
9
48
28 + 30 – 27
Convert:
7
12
48 * so
7
12
= 28
48
= 30
5
8
48 * so
5
8
= 30
48
= 27
9
16
48 * so
9
16
=
27
48
28
48
+
30
48
–
27
48
=
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
Step 2: Convert each fraction to have 24 as the denominator.
For , the new numerator is 24 * = 20, hence
5
6
5
6
5
6
=
20
24
For , the new numerator is 24 * = 9, hence
3
8
3
8
3
8
=
9
24
Step 3: Add the converted fractions.
5
6
3
8
+ =
20
24
+
9
24
=
29
24
b.
7
12
5
8
+ The LCD is 48.
= 28=
–
16
9
48
=
28 + 30 – 27
Convert:
7
12
48 * so
7
12
= 28
48
= 30
5
8
48 * so
5
8
= 30
48
= 27
9
16
48 * so
9
16
=
27
48
28
48
+
30
48
–
27
48
=
31
48
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
Step 2: Convert each fraction to have 24 as the denominator.
For , the new numerator is 24 * = 20, hence
5
6
5
6
5
6
=
20
24
For , the new numerator is 24 * = 9, hence
3
8
3
8
3
8
=
9
24
Step 3: Add the converted fractions.
5
6
3
8
+ =
20
24
+
9
24
=
29
24
b.
7
12
5
8
+ The LCD is 48.
= 28=
–
16
9
48
=
28 + 30 – 27
Convert:
7
12
48 * so
7
12
= 28
48
= 30
5
8
48 * so
5
8
= 30
48
= 27
9
16
48 * so
9
16
=
27
48
28
48
+
30
48
–
27
48
=
31
48
We introduce the following Multiplier-Method to add or subtract
fractions to reduce the amount of repetitive copying.
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
We introduce the following Multiplier-Method to add or subtract
fractions to reduce the amount of repetitive copying.
This method is based on the fact that if we multiply the quantity
x by a, then divide by a, we get back x.
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
We introduce the following Multiplier-Method to add or subtract
fractions to reduce the amount of repetitive copying.
This method is based on the fact that if we multiply the quantity
x by a, then divide by a, we get back x.
For example, 2 * 5 / 5
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
We introduce the following Multiplier-Method to add or subtract
fractions to reduce the amount of repetitive copying.
This method is based on the fact that if we multiply the quantity
x by a, then divide by a, we get back x.
For example, 2 * 5 / 5 = 10/5 = 2,
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
We introduce the following Multiplier-Method to add or subtract
fractions to reduce the amount of repetitive copying.
This method is based on the fact that if we multiply the quantity
x by a, then divide by a, we get back x.
For example, 2 * 5 / 5 = 10/5 = 2, 3 * 8 / 8 =
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
We introduce the following Multiplier-Method to add or subtract
fractions to reduce the amount of repetitive copying.
This method is based on the fact that if we multiply the quantity
x by a, then divide by a, we get back x.
For example, 2 * 5 / 5 = 10/5 = 2, 3 * 8 / 8 = 24/8 = 3.
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
We introduce the following Multiplier-Method to add or subtract
fractions to reduce the amount of repetitive copying.
This method is based on the fact that if we multiply the quantity
x by a, then divide by a, we get back x.
For example, 2 * 5 / 5 = 10/5 = 2, 3 * 8 / 8 = 24/8 = 3.
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
Multiplier Method (for adding and subtracting fractions)
We introduce the following Multiplier-Method to add or subtract
fractions to reduce the amount of repetitive copying.
This method is based on the fact that if we multiply the quantity
x by a, then divide by a, we get back x.
For example, 2 * 5 / 5 = 10/5 = 2, 3 * 8 / 8 = 24/8 = 3.
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
Multiplier Method (for adding and subtracting fractions)
To add or subtract fractions, multiply the problem by the LCD
(expand it distributive using law), then divide by the LCD.
Example C. a.
We introduce the following Multiplier-Method to add or subtract
fractions to reduce the amount of repetitive copying.
This method is based on the fact that if we multiply the quantity
x by a, then divide by a, we get back x.
For example, 2 * 5 / 5 = 10/5 = 2, 3 * 8 / 8 = 24/8 = 3.
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
Multiplier Method (for adding and subtracting fractions)
To add or subtract fractions, multiply the problem by the LCD
(expand it distributive using law), then divide by the LCD.
5
6
3
8
+
Example C. a.
The LCD is 24.
We introduce the following Multiplier-Method to add or subtract
fractions to reduce the amount of repetitive copying.
This method is based on the fact that if we multiply the quantity
x by a, then divide by a, we get back x.
For example, 2 * 5 / 5 = 10/5 = 2, 3 * 8 / 8 = 24/8 = 3.
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
Multiplier Method (for adding and subtracting fractions)
To add or subtract fractions, multiply the problem by the LCD
(expand it distributive using law), then divide by the LCD.
5
6
3
8
+
Example C. a.
The LCD is 24. Multiply the problem by 24, then divide by 24.
We introduce the following Multiplier-Method to add or subtract
fractions to reduce the amount of repetitive copying.
This method is based on the fact that if we multiply the quantity
x by a, then divide by a, we get back x.
For example, 2 * 5 / 5 = 10/5 = 2, 3 * 8 / 8 = 24/8 = 3.
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
Multiplier Method (for adding and subtracting fractions)
To add or subtract fractions, multiply the problem by the LCD
(expand it distributive using law), then divide by the LCD.
5
6
3
8
+
Example C. a.
The LCD is 24. Multiply the problem by 24, then divide by 24.
5
6
3
8+( ) * 24 / 24
We introduce the following Multiplier-Method to add or subtract
fractions to reduce the amount of repetitive copying.
This method is based on the fact that if we multiply the quantity
x by a, then divide by a, we get back x.
For example, 2 * 5 / 5 = 10/5 = 2, 3 * 8 / 8 = 24/8 = 3.
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
Multiplier Method (for adding and subtracting fractions)
To add or subtract fractions, multiply the problem by the LCD
(expand it distributive using law), then divide by the LCD.
5
6
3
8
+
Example C. a.
The LCD is 24. Multiply the problem by 24, then divide by 24.
5
6
3
8+( ) * 24 / 24
4
We introduce the following Multiplier-Method to add or subtract
fractions to reduce the amount of repetitive copying.
This method is based on the fact that if we multiply the quantity
x by a, then divide by a, we get back x.
For example, 2 * 5 / 5 = 10/5 = 2, 3 * 8 / 8 = 24/8 = 3.
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
Multiplier Method (for adding and subtracting fractions)
To add or subtract fractions, multiply the problem by the LCD
(expand it distributive using law), then divide by the LCD.
5
6
3
8
+
Example C. a.
The LCD is 24. Multiply the problem by 24, then divide by 24.
5
6
3
8+( ) * 24 / 24
4 3
We introduce the following Multiplier-Method to add or subtract
fractions to reduce the amount of repetitive copying.
This method is based on the fact that if we multiply the quantity
x by a, then divide by a, we get back x.
For example, 2 * 5 / 5 = 10/5 = 2, 3 * 8 / 8 = 24/8 = 3.
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
Multiplier Method (for adding and subtracting fractions)
To add or subtract fractions, multiply the problem by the LCD
(expand it distributive using law), then divide by the LCD.
5
6
3
8
+
Example C. a.
The LCD is 24. Multiply the problem by 24, then divide by 24.
5
6
3
8+( ) * 24 / 24 = (4*5 + 3*3) / 24
4 3
We introduce the following Multiplier-Method to add or subtract
fractions to reduce the amount of repetitive copying.
This method is based on the fact that if we multiply the quantity
x by a, then divide by a, we get back x.
For example, 2 * 5 / 5 = 10/5 = 2, 3 * 8 / 8 = 24/8 = 3.
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
Multiplier Method (for adding and subtracting fractions)
To add or subtract fractions, multiply the problem by the LCD
(expand it distributive using law), then divide by the LCD.
5
6
3
8
+
Example C. a.
The LCD is 24. Multiply the problem by 24, then divide by 24.
5
6
3
8+( ) * 24 / 24 = (4*5 + 3*3) / 24 = 29/24 =
4 3 29
24
We introduce the following Multiplier-Method to add or subtract
fractions to reduce the amount of repetitive copying.
This method is based on the fact that if we multiply the quantity
x by a, then divide by a, we get back x.
For example, 2 * 5 / 5 = 10/5 = 2, 3 * 8 / 8 = 24/8 = 3.
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
Multiplier Method (for adding and subtracting fractions)
To add or subtract fractions, multiply the problem by the LCD
(expand it distributive using law), then divide by the LCD.
5
6
3
8
+
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
b.
7
12
5
8
+ –
16
9
The LCD is 48. Multiply the problem by 48, expand the
multiplication, then divide the result by 48.
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
b.
7
12
5
8
+ –
16
9
( ) * 48 / 48
7
12
5
8+ – 16
9
The LCD is 48. Multiply the problem by 48, expand the
multiplication, then divide the result by 48.
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
b.
7
12
5
8
+ –
16
9
( ) * 48 / 48
7
12
5
8+ – 16
94
The LCD is 48. Multiply the problem by 48, expand the
multiplication, then divide the result by 48.
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
b.
7
12
5
8
+ –
16
9
( ) * 48 / 48
67
12
5
8+ – 16
94
The LCD is 48. Multiply the problem by 48, expand the
multiplication, then divide the result by 48.
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
b.
7
12
5
8
+ –
16
9
( ) * 48 / 48
67
12
5
8+ – 16
94 3
The LCD is 48. Multiply the problem by 48, expand the
multiplication, then divide the result by 48.
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
b.
7
12
5
8
+ –
16
9
( ) * 48 / 48
= (4*7 + 6*5 – 3*9) / 48
67
12
5
8+ – 16
94 3
The LCD is 48. Multiply the problem by 48, expand the
multiplication, then divide the result by 48.
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
b.
7
12
5
8
+ –
16
9
( ) * 48 / 48
= (4*7 + 6*5 – 3*9) / 48
= (28 + 30 – 27) / 48
67
12
5
8+ – 16
94 3
The LCD is 48. Multiply the problem by 48, expand the
multiplication, then divide the result by 48.
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
b.
7
12
5
8
+ –
16
9
( ) * 48 / 48
= (4*7 + 6*5 – 3*9) / 48
= (28 + 30 – 27) / 48
=
67
12
5
8+ – 16
94 3
The LCD is 48. Multiply the problem by 48, expand the
multiplication, then divide the result by 48.
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
b.
7
12
5
8
+ –
16
9
48
31
( ) * 48 / 48
= (4*7 + 6*5 – 3*9) / 48
= (28 + 30 – 27) / 48
=
67
12
5
8+ – 16
94 3
The LCD is 48. Multiply the problem by 48, expand the
multiplication, then divide the result by 48.
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
b.
7
12
5
8
+ –
16
9
48
31
( ) * 48 / 48
= (4*7 + 6*5 – 3*9) / 48
= (28 + 30 – 27) / 48
=
67
12
5
8+ – 16
94 3
The LCD is 48. Multiply the problem by 48, expand the
multiplication, then divide the result by 48.
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
b.
7
12
5
8
+ –
16
9
48
31
LCM and LCD
Exercise A. Find the LCM.
1. a.{6, 8} b. {6, 9} c. {3, 4}
d. {4, 10}
2. a.{5, 6, 8} b. {4, 6, 9} c. {3, 4, 5}
d. {4, 6, 10}
3. a.{6, 8, 9} b. {6, 9, 10} c. {4, 9, 10}
d. {6, 8, 10}
4. a.{4, 8, 15} b. {8, 9, 12} c. {6, 9, 15}
5. a.{6, 8, 15} b. {8, 9, 15} c. {6, 9, 16}
6. a.{8, 12, 15} b. { 9, 12, 15} c. { 9, 12, 16}
7. a.{8, 12, 18} b. {8, 12, 20} c. { 12, 15, 16}
8. a.{8, 12, 15, 18} b. {8, 12, 16, 20}
9. a.{8, 15, 18, 20} b. {9, 16, 20, 24}
B. Convert the fractions to fractions with the given
denominators.
10. Convert to denominator 12.
11. Convert to denominator 24.
12. Convert to denominator 36.
13. Convert to denominator 60.
2
3 ,
3
4 ,
5
6 ,
7
4
1
6 ,
3
4 ,
5
6 ,
3
8
7
12 ,
5
4 ,
8
9 ,
11
6
9
10 ,
7
12 ,
13
5 ,
11
15
LCM and LCD
Exercise A. Calculate and simplify the answers.
1
2
3
2
+1. 2. 3. 4.5
3
1
3+
5
4
3
4
+
5
2
3
2
+
5
5
3
5–5. 6. 7. 8.6
6
5
6
–
9
9
4
9– 1
4
7–
B. Calculate by the Multiplier Method and simplify the
answers.
1
2
1
3
+17. 18. 19. 20.1
2
1
3
–
2
3
3
2
+
3
4
2
5
+
5
6
4
7–21. 22. 23. 24.7
10
2
5
–
5
11
3
4+
5
9
7
15–
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
9. 1
2
9
– 10. 1
3
8
– 11. 4
3
4– 12. 8
3
8
–
13. 11
3
5– 14. 9
3
8
– 15.14
1
6
– 16. 21
3
11
–5 6 8
Addition and Subtraction of FractionsC. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
6
1
4
5
25. 26. 27. 28.
29. 30. 31. 32.
33. 34. 35.
36. 38.37.
39. 40.
6
5
4
7

12
7
9
5

12
5
8
3

16
5
24
7

18
5
12
7

20
3
24
11

15
7
18
5

9
4
6
1
4
3

10
7
6
1
4
5

12
5
6
1
8
3

12
1
9
5
8
7

9
2
16
1
24
5

18
7
12
1
4
5

12
7
16
1
18
5

10
7
18
5
24
7

Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
7
18
443. + 15
7
12
11
+44.
18
19
24
7
– 15
5
4
541. – 6
4
9
5
– 6
3
8
5
+ 42.
12
+
–
5
745. – 12
7
9
1
– 6
5
8
5
+ 46.
8
–3

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Find LCM Easily with Factorization

  • 2. Definition of LCM The least common multiple (LCM) of two or more numbers is the least number that is the multiple of all of these numbers. LCM and LCD
  • 3. Definition of LCM The least common multiple (LCM) of two or more numbers is the least number that is the multiple of all of these numbers. Example A. Find the LCM of 4 and 6. LCM and LCD
  • 4. Definition of LCM The least common multiple (LCM) of two or more numbers is the least number that is the multiple of all of these numbers. Example A. Find the LCM of 4 and 6. The multiples of 4 are 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, … LCM and LCD
  • 5. Definition of LCM The least common multiple (LCM) of two or more numbers is the least number that is the multiple of all of these numbers. Example A. Find the LCM of 4 and 6. The multiples of 4 are 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, … The multiples of 6 are 6, 12, 18, 24, 30,… LCM and LCD
  • 6. Definition of LCM The least common multiple (LCM) of two or more numbers is the least number that is the multiple of all of these numbers. Example A. Find the LCM of 4 and 6. The multiples of 4 are 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, … The multiples of 6 are 6, 12, 18, 24, 30,… The smallest of the common multiples is 12, LCM and LCD
  • 7. Definition of LCM The least common multiple (LCM) of two or more numbers is the least number that is the multiple of all of these numbers. Example A. Find the LCM of 4 and 6. The multiples of 4 are 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, … The multiples of 6 are 6, 12, 18, 24, 30,… The smallest of the common multiples is 12, so LCM{4, 6 } = 12. LCM and LCD
  • 8. Definition of LCM The least common multiple (LCM) of two or more numbers is the least number that is the multiple of all of these numbers. Example A. Find the LCM of 4 and 6. The multiples of 4 are 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, … The multiples of 6 are 6, 12, 18, 24, 30,… The smallest of the common multiples is 12, so LCM{4, 6 } = 12. LCM and LCD We may improve the above listing-method for finding the LCM.
  • 9. Definition of LCM The least common multiple (LCM) of two or more numbers is the least number that is the multiple of all of these numbers. Example A. Find the LCM of 4 and 6. The multiples of 4 are 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, … The multiples of 6 are 6, 12, 18, 24, 30,… The smallest of the common multiples is 12, so LCM{4, 6 } = 12. LCM and LCD We may improve the above listing-method for finding the LCM. Given two or more numbers, we start with the largest number,
  • 10. Definition of LCM The least common multiple (LCM) of two or more numbers is the least number that is the multiple of all of these numbers. Example A. Find the LCM of 4 and 6. The multiples of 4 are 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, … The multiples of 6 are 6, 12, 18, 24, 30,… The smallest of the common multiples is 12, so LCM{4, 6 } = 12. LCM and LCD We may improve the above listing-method for finding the LCM. Given two or more numbers, we start with the largest number, list its multiples in order until we find the one that can divide all the other numbers.
  • 11. Definition of LCM The least common multiple (LCM) of two or more numbers is the least number that is the multiple of all of these numbers. Example A. Find the LCM of 4 and 6. The multiples of 4 are 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, … The multiples of 6 are 6, 12, 18, 24, 30,… The smallest of the common multiples is 12, so LCM{4, 6 } = 12. LCM and LCD Example B. Find the LCM of 8, 9, and 12. We may improve the above listing-method for finding the LCM. Given two or more numbers, we start with the largest number, list its multiples in order until we find the one that can divide all the other numbers.
  • 12. Definition of LCM The least common multiple (LCM) of two or more numbers is the least number that is the multiple of all of these numbers. Example A. Find the LCM of 4 and 6. The multiples of 4 are 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, … The multiples of 6 are 6, 12, 18, 24, 30,… The smallest of the common multiples is 12, so LCM{4, 6 } = 12. LCM and LCD Example B. Find the LCM of 8, 9, and 12. The largest number is 12 and the multiples of 12 are 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84 … We may improve the above listing-method for finding the LCM. Given two or more numbers, we start with the largest number, list its multiples in order until we find the one that can divide all the other numbers.
  • 13. Definition of LCM The least common multiple (LCM) of two or more numbers is the least number that is the multiple of all of these numbers. Example A. Find the LCM of 4 and 6. The multiples of 4 are 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, … The multiples of 6 are 6, 12, 18, 24, 30,… The smallest of the common multiples is 12, so LCM{4, 6 } = 12. LCM and LCD Example B. Find the LCM of 8, 9, and 12. The largest number is 12 and the multiples of 12 are 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84 … The first number that is also a multiple of 8 and 9 is 72. We may improve the above listing-method for finding the LCM. Given two or more numbers, we start with the largest number, list its multiples in order until we find the one that can divide all the other numbers.
  • 14. Definition of LCM The least common multiple (LCM) of two or more numbers is the least number that is the multiple of all of these numbers. Example A. Find the LCM of 4 and 6. The multiples of 4 are 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, … The multiples of 6 are 6, 12, 18, 24, 30,… The smallest of the common multiples is 12, so LCM{4, 6 } = 12. LCM and LCD Example B. Find the LCM of 8, 9, and 12. The largest number is 12 and the multiples of 12 are 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84 … The first number that is also a multiple of 8 and 9 is 72. Hence LCM{8, 9, 12} = 72. We may improve the above listing-method for finding the LCM. Given two or more numbers, we start with the largest number, list its multiples in order until we find the one that can divide all the other numbers.
  • 15. But when the LCM is large, the listing method is cumbersome. LCM and LCD
  • 16. But when the LCM is large, the listing method is cumbersome. It's easier to find the LCM by constructing it instead. LCM and LCD
  • 17. To construct the LCM: But when the LCM is large, the listing method is cumbersome. It's easier to find the LCM by constructing it instead. LCM and LCD
  • 18. To construct the LCM: a. Factor each number completely But when the LCM is large, the listing method is cumbersome. It's easier to find the LCM by constructing it instead. LCM and LCD
  • 19. To construct the LCM: a. Factor each number completely b. For each prime factor, take the highest power appearing in the factorizations. But when the LCM is large, the listing method is cumbersome. It's easier to find the LCM by constructing it instead. LCM and LCD
  • 20. To construct the LCM: a. Factor each number completely b. For each prime factor, take the highest power appearing in the factorizations. The LCM is their product. But when the LCM is large, the listing method is cumbersome. It's easier to find the LCM by constructing it instead. LCM and LCD
  • 21. To construct the LCM: a. Factor each number completely b. For each prime factor, take the highest power appearing in the factorizations. The LCM is their product. Example C. Construct the LCM of {8, 15, 18}. But when the LCM is large, the listing method is cumbersome. It's easier to find the LCM by constructing it instead. LCM and LCD
  • 22. To construct the LCM: a. Factor each number completely b. For each prime factor, take the highest power appearing in the factorizations. The LCM is their product. Example C. Construct the LCM of {8, 15, 18}. Factor each number completely, But when the LCM is large, the listing method is cumbersome. It's easier to find the LCM by constructing it instead. LCM and LCD
  • 23. To construct the LCM: a. Factor each number completely b. For each prime factor, take the highest power appearing in the factorizations. The LCM is their product. Example C. Construct the LCM of {8, 15, 18}. Factor each number completely, 8 = 23 But when the LCM is large, the listing method is cumbersome. It's easier to find the LCM by constructing it instead. LCM and LCD
  • 24. To construct the LCM: a. Factor each number completely b. For each prime factor, take the highest power appearing in the factorizations. The LCM is their product. Example C. Construct the LCM of {8, 15, 18}. Factor each number completely, 8 = 23 15 = 3 * 5 But when the LCM is large, the listing method is cumbersome. It's easier to find the LCM by constructing it instead. LCM and LCD
  • 25. To construct the LCM: a. Factor each number completely b. For each prime factor, take the highest power appearing in the factorizations. The LCM is their product. Example C. Construct the LCM of {8, 15, 18}. Factor each number completely, 8 = 23 15 = 3 * 5 18 = 2 * 32 But when the LCM is large, the listing method is cumbersome. It's easier to find the LCM by constructing it instead. LCM and LCD
  • 26. To construct the LCM: a. Factor each number completely b. For each prime factor, take the highest power appearing in the factorizations. The LCM is their product. Example C. Construct the LCM of {8, 15, 18}. Factor each number completely, 8 = 23 15 = 3 * 5 18 = 2 * 32 From the factorization select the highest degree of each prime factor: But when the LCM is large, the listing method is cumbersome. It's easier to find the LCM by constructing it instead. LCM and LCD
  • 27. To construct the LCM: a. Factor each number completely b. For each prime factor, take the highest power appearing in the factorizations. The LCM is their product. Example C. Construct the LCM of {8, 15, 18}. Factor each number completely, 8 = 23 15 = 3 * 5 18 = 2 * 32 From the factorization select the highest degree of each prime factor: But when the LCM is large, the listing method is cumbersome. It's easier to find the LCM by constructing it instead. LCM and LCD
  • 28. To construct the LCM: a. Factor each number completely b. For each prime factor, take the highest power appearing in the factorizations. The LCM is their product. Example C. Construct the LCM of {8, 15, 18}. Factor each number completely, 8 = 23 15 = 3 * 5 18 = 2 * 32 From the factorization select the highest degree of each prime factor But when the LCM is large, the listing method is cumbersome. It's easier to find the LCM by constructing it instead. LCM and LCD
  • 29. To construct the LCM: a. Factor each number completely b. For each prime factor, take the highest power appearing in the factorizations. The LCM is their product. But when the LCM is large, the listing method is cumbersome. It's easier to find the LCM by constructing it instead. LCM and LCD Example C. Construct the LCM of {8, 15, 18}. Factor each number completely, 8 = 23 15 = 3 * 5 18 = 2 * 32 From the factorization select the highest degree of each prime factor: 23, 32, 5,
  • 30. To construct the LCM: a. Factor each number completely b. For each prime factor, take the highest power appearing in the factorizations. The LCM is their product. But when the LCM is large, the listing method is cumbersome. It's easier to find the LCM by constructing it instead. LCM and LCD Example C. Construct the LCM of {8, 15, 18}. Factor each number completely, 8 = 23 15 = 3 * 5 18 = 2 * 32 From the factorization select the highest degree of each prime factor: 23, 32, 5, then LCM{8, 15, 18} = 23*32*5 = 8*9*5 = 360.
  • 31. To construct the LCM: a. Factor each number completely b. For each prime factor, take the highest power appearing in the factorizations. The LCM is their product. But when the LCM is large, the listing method is cumbersome. It's easier to find the LCM by constructing it instead. LCM and LCD Example C. Construct the LCM of {8, 15, 18}. Factor each number completely, 8 = 23 15 = 3 * 5 18 = 2 * 32 From the factorization select the highest degree of each prime factor: 23, 32, 5, then LCM{8, 15, 18} = 23*32*5 = 8*9*5 = 360.
  • 32. To construct the LCM: a. Factor each number completely b. For each prime factor, take the highest power appearing in the factorizations. The LCM is their product. But when the LCM is large, the listing method is cumbersome. It's easier to find the LCM by constructing it instead. LCM and LCD The LCM of the denominators of a list of fractions is called the least common denominator (LCD). Example C. Construct the LCM of {8, 15, 18}. Factor each number completely, 8 = 23 15 = 3 * 5 18 = 2 * 32 From the factorization select the highest degree of each prime factor: 23, 32, 5, then LCM{8, 15, 18} = 23*32*5 = 8*9*5 = 360.
  • 33. To construct the LCM: a. Factor each number completely b. For each prime factor, take the highest power appearing in the factorizations. The LCM is their product. Example C. Construct the LCM of {8, 15, 18}. Factor each number completely, 8 = 23 15 = 3 * 5 18 = 2 * 32 From the factorization select the highest degree of each prime factor: 23, 32, 5, then LCM{8, 15, 18} = 23*32*5 = 8*9*5 = 360. But when the LCM is large, the listing method is cumbersome. It's easier to find the LCM by constructing it instead. LCM and LCD The LCM of the denominators of a list of fractions is called the least common denominator (LCD). Following is an application of the LCM.
  • 34. Example D. From one pizza, Joe wants 1/3, Mary wants 1/4 and Chuck wants 1/6. LCM and LCD
  • 35. Example D. From one pizza, Joe wants 1/3, Mary wants 1/4 and Chuck wants 1/6. LCM and LCD Mary Chuck In picture: Joe
  • 36. Example D. From one pizza, Joe wants 1/3, Mary wants 1/4 and Chuck wants 1/6. How many equal slices should we cut the pizza into and how many slices should each person take? LCM and LCD Mary Chuck In picture: Joe
  • 37. Example D. From one pizza, Joe wants 1/3, Mary wants 1/4 and Chuck wants 1/6. How many equal slices should we cut the pizza into and how many slices should each person take? What is the fractional amount of the pizza they want in total? LCM and LCD Mary Chuck In picture: Joe
  • 38. Example D. From one pizza, Joe wants 1/3, Mary wants 1/4 and Chuck wants 1/6. How many equal slices should we cut the pizza into and how many slices should each person take? What is the fractional amount of the pizza they want in total? LCM and LCD We find the LCM of 1/3, 1/4, 1/6 by searching. Mary Chuck In picture: Joe
  • 39. Example D. From one pizza, Joe wants 1/3, Mary wants 1/4 and Chuck wants 1/6. How many equal slices should we cut the pizza into and how many slices should each person take? What is the fractional amount of the pizza they want in total? LCM and LCD We find the LCM of 1/3, 1/4, 1/6 by searching. The multiples of 6 are 6, 12, 18, 24, … Mary Chuck In picture: Joe
  • 40. Example D. From one pizza, Joe wants 1/3, Mary wants 1/4 and Chuck wants 1/6. How many equal slices should we cut the pizza into and how many slices should each person take? What is the fractional amount of the pizza they want in total? LCM and LCD We find the LCM of 1/3, 1/4, 1/6 by searching. The multiples of 6 are 6, 12, 18, 24, … Since 12 is also the multiple of 3 and 4, then 12 is the LCM. Mary Chuck In picture: Joe
  • 41. Example D. From one pizza, Joe wants 1/3, Mary wants 1/4 and Chuck wants 1/6. How many equal slices should we cut the pizza into and how many slices should each person take? What is the fractional amount of the pizza they want in total? LCM and LCD We find the LCM of 1/3, 1/4, 1/6 by searching. The multiples of 6 are 6, 12, 18, 24, … Since 12 is also the multiple of 3 and 4, then 12 is the LCM. Hence we should cut it into 12 slices Mary Chuck In picture: Joe
  • 42. Example D. From one pizza, Joe wants 1/3, Mary wants 1/4 and Chuck wants 1/6. How many equal slices should we cut the pizza into and how many slices should each person take? What is the fractional amount of the pizza they want in total? Joe gets 12* LCM and LCD We find the LCM of 1/3, 1/4, 1/6 by searching. The multiples of 6 are 6, 12, 18, 24, … Since 12 is also the multiple of 3 and 4, then 12 is the LCM. Hence we should cut it into 12 slices and Mary Chuck In picture: Joe 1 3
  • 43. Example D. From one pizza, Joe wants 1/3, Mary wants 1/4 and Chuck wants 1/6. How many equal slices should we cut the pizza into and how many slices should each person take? What is the fractional amount of the pizza they want in total? Joe gets 12* = 4 slices LCM and LCD We find the LCM of 1/3, 1/4, 1/6 by searching. The multiples of 6 are 6, 12, 18, 24, … Since 12 is also the multiple of 3 and 4, then 12 is the LCM. Hence we should cut it into 12 slices and Mary Chuck In picture: Joe 1 3
  • 44. Example D. From one pizza, Joe wants 1/3, Mary wants 1/4 and Chuck wants 1/6. How many equal slices should we cut the pizza into and how many slices should each person take? What is the fractional amount of the pizza they want in total? Joe gets 12* = 4 slices 1 4 Mary gets 12* LCM and LCD We find the LCM of 1/3, 1/4, 1/6 by searching. The multiples of 6 are 6, 12, 18, 24, … Since 12 is also the multiple of 3 and 4, then 12 is the LCM. Hence we should cut it into 12 slices and Mary Chuck In picture: Joe 1 3
  • 45. Example D. From one pizza, Joe wants 1/3, Mary wants 1/4 and Chuck wants 1/6. How many equal slices should we cut the pizza into and how many slices should each person take? What is the fractional amount of the pizza they want in total? Joe gets 12* = 4 slices 1 4 Mary gets 12* = 3 slices LCM and LCD We find the LCM of 1/3, 1/4, 1/6 by searching. The multiples of 6 are 6, 12, 18, 24, … Since 12 is also the multiple of 3 and 4, then 12 is the LCM. Hence we should cut it into 12 slices and Mary Chuck In picture: Joe 1 3
  • 46. Example D. From one pizza, Joe wants 1/3, Mary wants 1/4 and Chuck wants 1/6. How many equal slices should we cut the pizza into and how many slices should each person take? What is the fractional amount of the pizza they want in total? Joe gets 12* = 4 slices 1 4 Mary gets 12* = 3 slices 1 6 Chuck gets 12* LCM and LCD We find the LCM of 1/3, 1/4, 1/6 by searching. The multiples of 6 are 6, 12, 18, 24, … Since 12 is also the multiple of 3 and 4, then 12 is the LCM. Hence we should cut it into 12 slices and Mary Chuck In picture: Joe 1 3
  • 47. Example D. From one pizza, Joe wants 1/3, Mary wants 1/4 and Chuck wants 1/6. How many equal slices should we cut the pizza into and how many slices should each person take? What is the fractional amount of the pizza they want in total? Joe gets 12* = 4 slices 1 4 Mary gets 12* = 3 slices 1 6 Chuck gets 12* = 2 slices LCM and LCD We find the LCM of 1/3, 1/4, 1/6 by searching. The multiples of 6 are 6, 12, 18, 24, … Since 12 is also the multiple of 3 and 4, then 12 is the LCM. Hence we should cut it into 12 slices and Mary Chuck In picture: Joe 1 3
  • 48. Example D. From one pizza, Joe wants 1/3, Mary wants 1/4 and Chuck wants 1/6. How many equal slices should we cut the pizza into and how many slices should each person take? What is the fractional amount of the pizza they want in total? Joe gets 12* = 4 slices 1 4 Mary gets 12* = 3 slices 1 6 Chuck gets 12* = 2 slices LCM and LCD We find the LCM of 1/3, 1/4, 1/6 by searching. The multiples of 6 are 6, 12, 18, 24, … Since 12 is also the multiple of 3 and 4, then 12 is the LCM. Hence we should cut it into 12 slices and Mary Chuck In picture: Joe 1 3 In total, that is 4 + 2 + 3 = 9 slices,
  • 49. Example D. From one pizza, Joe wants 1/3, Mary wants 1/4 and Chuck wants 1/6. How many equal slices should we cut the pizza into and how many slices should each person take? What is the fractional amount of the pizza they want in total? Joe gets 12* = 4 slices 1 4 Mary gets 12* = 3 slices 1 6 Chuck gets 12* = 2 slices LCM and LCD We find the LCM of 1/3, 1/4, 1/6 by searching. The multiples of 6 are 6, 12, 18, 24, … Since 12 is also the multiple of 3 and 4, then 12 is the LCM. Hence we should cut it into 12 slices and Mary Chuck In picture: Joe 1 3 In total, that is 4 + 2 + 3 = 9 slices, or of the pizza. 9 12
  • 50. Example D. From one pizza, Joe wants 1/3, Mary wants 1/4 and Chuck wants 1/6. How many equal slices should we cut the pizza into and how many slices should each person take? What is the fractional amount of the pizza they want in total? Joe gets 12* = 4 slices 1 4 Mary gets 12* = 3 slices 1 6 Chuck gets 12* = 2 slices LCM and LCD We find the LCM of 1/3, 1/4, 1/6 by searching. The multiples of 6 are 6, 12, 18, 24, … Since 12 is also the multiple of 3 and 4, then 12 is the LCM. Hence we should cut it into 12 slices and Mary Chuck In picture: Joe 1 3 In total, that is 4 + 2 + 3 = 9 slices, or of the pizza. 9 12 = 3 4
  • 51. Your Turn: From one pizza, Joe wants 3/8 of it, Mary wants 1/6 of it and Chuck wants 5/12 of it. How many equal slices should we cut the pizza and how many slices should each person take? LCM and LCD
  • 52. Your Turn: From one pizza, Joe wants 3/8 of it, Mary wants 1/6 of it and Chuck wants 5/12 of it. How many equal slices should we cut the pizza and how many slices should each person take? LCM and LCD In the above example, we found that is the same . 1 3 4 12
  • 53. Your Turn: From one pizza, Joe wants 3/8 of it, Mary wants 1/6 of it and Chuck wants 5/12 of it. How many equal slices should we cut the pizza and how many slices should each person take? LCM and LCD In the above example, we found that is the same . 1 3 4 12 The following theorem tells us how to convert the denominator of a fraction to a fraction with a different denominator.
  • 54. Your Turn: From one pizza, Joe wants 3/8 of it, Mary wants 1/6 of it and Chuck wants 5/12 of it. How many equal slices should we cut the pizza and how many slices should each person take? LCM and LCD In the above example, we found that is the same . 1 3 4 12 The following theorem tells us how to convert the denominator of a fraction to a fraction with a different denominator. Multiplier Theorem:
  • 55. Your Turn: From one pizza, Joe wants 3/8 of it, Mary wants 1/6 of it and Chuck wants 5/12 of it. How many equal slices should we cut the pizza and how many slices should each person take? LCM and LCD In the above example, we found that is the same . 1 3 4 12 The following theorem tells us how to convert the denominator of a fraction to a fraction with a different denominator. Multiplier Theorem: To convert the fraction into a fraction with denominator d, the new numerator is * d. a b a b
  • 56. Your Turn: From one pizza, Joe wants 3/8 of it, Mary wants 1/6 of it and Chuck wants 5/12 of it. How many equal slices should we cut the pizza and how many slices should each person take? LCM and LCD In the above example, we found that is the same . 1 3 4 12 The following theorem tells us how to convert the denominator of a fraction to a fraction with a different denominator. Multiplier Theorem: To convert the fraction into a fraction with denominator d, the new numerator is * d. a b a b Example D: Convert to a fraction with denominator 48. 9 16
  • 57. Your Turn: From one pizza, Joe wants 3/8 of it, Mary wants 1/6 of it and Chuck wants 5/12 of it. How many equal slices should we cut the pizza and how many slices should each person take? LCM and LCD In the above example, we found that is the same . 1 3 4 12 The following theorem tells us how to convert the denominator of a fraction to a fraction with a different denominator. Multiplier Theorem: To convert the fraction into a fraction with denominator d, the new numerator is * d. a b a b Example D: Convert to a fraction with denominator 48. The new denominator is 48, 9 16
  • 58. Your Turn: From one pizza, Joe wants 3/8 of it, Mary wants 1/6 of it and Chuck wants 5/12 of it. How many equal slices should we cut the pizza and how many slices should each person take? LCM and LCD In the above example, we found that is the same . 1 3 4 12 The following theorem tells us how to convert the denominator of a fraction to a fraction with a different denominator. Multiplier Theorem: To convert the fraction into a fraction with denominator d, the new numerator is * d. a b a b Example D: Convert to a fraction with denominator 48. The new denominator is 48, then the new numerator is 48* 9 16 9 16
  • 59. Your Turn: From one pizza, Joe wants 3/8 of it, Mary wants 1/6 of it and Chuck wants 5/12 of it. How many equal slices should we cut the pizza and how many slices should each person take? LCM and LCD In the above example, we found that is the same . 1 3 4 12 The following theorem tells us how to convert the denominator of a fraction to a fraction with a different denominator. Multiplier Theorem: To convert the fraction into a fraction with denominator d, the new numerator is * d. a b a b Example D: Convert to a fraction with denominator 48. The new denominator is 48, then the new numerator is 48* 9 16 9 16 3
  • 60. Your Turn: From one pizza, Joe wants 3/8 of it, Mary wants 1/6 of it and Chuck wants 5/12 of it. How many equal slices should we cut the pizza and how many slices should each person take? LCM and LCD In the above example, we found that is the same . 1 3 4 12 The following theorem tells us how to convert the denominator of a fraction to a fraction with a different denominator. Multiplier Theorem: To convert the fraction into a fraction with denominator d, the new numerator is * d. a b a b Example D: Convert to a fraction with denominator 48. The new denominator is 48, then the new numerator is 48* = 27 so = 9 16 9 16 3 9 16 27 48 .
  • 61. Suppose a pizza is cut into 4 equal slices Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
  • 62. Suppose a pizza is cut into 4 equal slices Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
  • 63. Suppose a pizza is cut into 4 equal slices and Joe takes one slice or ¼ of the pizza, Addition and Subtraction of Fractions 1 4
  • 64. Suppose a pizza is cut into 4 equal slices and Joe takes one slice or ¼ of the pizza, Mary takes two slices or 2/4 of the pizza, Addition and Subtraction of Fractions 1 4 2 4
  • 65. Suppose a pizza is cut into 4 equal slices and Joe takes one slice or ¼ of the pizza, Mary takes two slices or 2/4 of the pizza, altogether they take + Addition and Subtraction of Fractions 1 4 2 4 1 4 2 4
  • 66. Suppose a pizza is cut into 4 equal slices and Joe takes one slice or ¼ of the pizza, Mary takes two slices or 2/4 of the pizza, altogether they take + Addition and Subtraction of Fractions 1 4 2 4 = 3 4 of the entire pizza. 1 4 2 4
  • 67. Suppose a pizza is cut into 4 equal slices and Joe takes one slice or ¼ of the pizza, Mary takes two slices or 2/4 of the pizza, altogether they take + Addition and Subtraction of Fractions 1 4 2 4 = 3 4 of the entire pizza. In picture: + = 1 4 2 4 3 4
  • 68. Suppose a pizza is cut into 4 equal slices and Joe takes one slice or ¼ of the pizza, Mary takes two slices or 2/4 of the pizza, altogether they take + Addition and Subtraction of Fractions Addition and Subtraction of Fractions With the Same Denominator 1 4 2 4 = 3 4 of the entire pizza. In picture: + = 1 4 2 4 3 4
  • 69. Suppose a pizza is cut into 4 equal slices and Joe takes one slice or ¼ of the pizza, Mary takes two slices or 2/4 of the pizza, altogether they take + Addition and Subtraction of Fractions Addition and Subtraction of Fractions With the Same Denominator To add or subtract fractions of the same denominator, keep the same denominator, add or subtract the numerators 1 4 2 4 = 3 4 of the entire pizza. In picture: + = 1 4 2 4 3 4
  • 70. Suppose a pizza is cut into 4 equal slices and Joe takes one slice or ¼ of the pizza, Mary takes two slices or 2/4 of the pizza, altogether they take + Addition and Subtraction of Fractions Addition and Subtraction of Fractions With the Same Denominator To add or subtract fractions of the same denominator, keep the same denominator, add or subtract the numerators 1 4 2 4 = 3 4 of the entire pizza. In picture: ± a d b d = a ± b d + = 1 4 2 4 3 4
  • 71. Suppose a pizza is cut into 4 equal slices and Joe takes one slice or ¼ of the pizza, Mary takes two slices or 2/4 of the pizza, altogether they take + Addition and Subtraction of Fractions Addition and Subtraction of Fractions With the Same Denominator To add or subtract fractions of the same denominator, keep the same denominator, add or subtract the numerators ,then simplify the result. 1 4 2 4 = 3 4 of the entire pizza. In picture: ± a d b d = a ± b d + = 1 4 2 4 3 4
  • 72. Example A: a. 7 12 + Addition and Subtraction of Fractions 11 12
  • 73. Example A: a. 7 12 + = 7 + 11 12 Addition and Subtraction of Fractions 11 12 =
  • 74. Example A: a. 7 12 + = 7 + 11 12 18 12 Addition and Subtraction of Fractions 11 12 =
  • 75. Example A: a. 7 12 + = 7 + 11 12 18 12 = 18/6 12/6 = Addition and Subtraction of Fractions 11 12 =
  • 76. Example A: a. 7 12 + = 7 + 11 12 18 12 = 3 2 18/6 12/6 = Addition and Subtraction of Fractions 11 12 =
  • 77. Example A: a. 7 12 + = 7 + 11 12 18 12 = 3 2 18/6 12/6 = + =b. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions 8 15 4 15 – 2 15 11 12 =
  • 78. Example A: a. 7 12 + = 7 + 11 12 18 12 = 3 2 18/6 12/6 = + = 8 + 4 – 2 15 =b. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions 8 15 4 15 – 2 15 11 12 =
  • 79. Example A: a. 7 12 + = 7 + 11 12 18 12 = 3 2 18/6 12/6 = + = 8 + 4 – 2 15 =b. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions 8 15 4 15 – 2 15 10 15 11 12 =
  • 80. Example A: a. 7 12 + = 7 + 11 12 18 12 = 3 2 18/6 12/6 = + = 8 + 4 – 2 15 = 2 3 =b. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions 8 15 4 15 – 2 15 10 15 11 12 =
  • 81. Example A: a. 7 12 + = 7 + 11 12 18 12 = 3 2 18/6 12/6 = + = 8 + 4 – 2 15 = 2 3 =b. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions 8 15 4 15 – 2 15 10 15 11 12 = Fractions with different denominators can’t be added directly since the “size” of the fractions don’t match.
  • 82. Example A: a. 7 12 + = 7 + 11 12 18 12 = 3 2 18/6 12/6 = + = 8 + 4 – 2 15 = 2 3 =b. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions 8 15 4 15 – 2 15 10 15 11 12 = Fractions with different denominators can’t be added directly since the “size” of the fractions don’t match. For example 1 2
  • 83. Example A: a. 7 12 + = 7 + 11 12 18 12 = 3 2 18/6 12/6 = + = 8 + 4 – 2 15 = 2 3 =b. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions 8 15 4 15 – 2 15 10 15 11 12 = Fractions with different denominators can’t be added directly since the “size” of the fractions don’t match. For example + 1 2 1 3
  • 84. Example A: a. 7 12 + = 7 + 11 12 18 12 = 3 2 18/6 12/6 = + = 8 + 4 – 2 15 = 2 3 =b. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions 8 15 4 15 – 2 15 10 15 11 12 = Fractions with different denominators can’t be added directly since the “size” of the fractions don’t match. For example + 1 2 1 3 = ? ?
  • 85. Example A: a. 7 12 + = 7 + 11 12 18 12 = 3 2 18/6 12/6 = + = 8 + 4 – 2 15 = 2 3 =b. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions 8 15 4 15 – 2 15 10 15 11 12 = Fractions with different denominators can’t be added directly since the “size” of the fractions don’t match. For example To add them, first find the LCD of ½ and 1/3, which is 6. + 1 2 1 3 = ? ?
  • 86. Example A: a. 7 12 + = 7 + 11 12 18 12 = 3 2 18/6 12/6 = + = 8 + 4 – 2 15 = 2 3 =b. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions 8 15 4 15 – 2 15 10 15 11 12 = Fractions with different denominators can’t be added directly since the “size” of the fractions don’t match. For example To add them, first find the LCD of ½ and 1/3, which is 6. We then cut each pizza into 6 slices. + 1 2 1 3 = ? ?
  • 87. Example A: a. 7 12 + = 7 + 11 12 18 12 = 3 2 18/6 12/6 = + = 8 + 4 – 2 15 = 2 3 =b. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions 8 15 4 15 – 2 15 10 15 11 12 = Fractions with different denominators can’t be added directly since the “size” of the fractions don’t match. For example To add them, first find the LCD of ½ and 1/3, which is 6. We then cut each pizza into 6 slices. Both fractions may be converted to have the denominator 6. + 1 2 1 3 = ? ?
  • 88. Example A: a. 7 12 + = 7 + 11 12 18 12 = 3 2 18/6 12/6 = + = 8 + 4 – 2 15 = 2 3 =b. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions 8 15 4 15 – 2 15 10 15 11 12 = Fractions with different denominators can’t be added directly since the “size” of the fractions don’t match. For example To add them, first find the LCD of ½ and 1/3, which is 6. We then cut each pizza into 6 slices. Both fractions may be converted to have the denominator 6. Specifically, 1 2 = 3 6 1 3 = 2 6 + 1 2 1 3 = ? ?
  • 89. Example A: a. 7 12 + = 7 + 11 12 18 12 = 3 2 18/6 12/6 = + = 8 + 4 – 2 15 = 2 3 =b. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions 8 15 4 15 – 2 15 10 15 11 12 = Fractions with different denominators can’t be added directly since the “size” of the fractions don’t match. For example To add them, first find the LCD of ½ and 1/3, which is 6. We then cut each pizza into 6 slices. Both fractions may be converted to have the denominator 6. Specifically, 1 2 = 3 6 1 3 = 2 6 + 1 2 1 3 = ? ?
  • 90. Example A: a. 7 12 + = 7 + 11 12 18 12 = 3 2 18/6 12/6 = + = 8 + 4 – 2 15 = 2 3 =b. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions 8 15 4 15 – 2 15 10 15 11 12 = Fractions with different denominators can’t be added directly since the “size” of the fractions don’t match. For example To add them, first find the LCD of ½ and 1/3, which is 6. We then cut each pizza into 6 slices. Both fractions may be converted to have the denominator 6. Specifically, + 1 2 = 3 6 1 3 = 2 6 3 6 1 3 = ? ?
  • 91. Example A: a. 7 12 + = 7 + 11 12 18 12 = 3 2 18/6 12/6 = + = 8 + 4 – 2 15 = 2 3 =b. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions 8 15 4 15 – 2 15 10 15 11 12 = Fractions with different denominators can’t be added directly since the “size” of the fractions don’t match. For example To add them, first find the LCD of ½ and 1/3, which is 6. We then cut each pizza into 6 slices. Both fractions may be converted to have the denominator 6. Specifically, + 1 2 = 3 6 1 3 = 2 6 3 6 1 3 = ? ?
  • 92. Example A: a. 7 12 + = 7 + 11 12 18 12 = 3 2 18/6 12/6 = + = 8 + 4 – 2 15 = 2 3 =b. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions 8 15 4 15 – 2 15 10 15 11 12 = Fractions with different denominators can’t be added directly since the “size” of the fractions don’t match. For example To add them, first find the LCD of ½ and 1/3, which is 6. We then cut each pizza into 6 slices. Both fractions may be converted to have the denominator 6. Specifically, + 1 2 = 3 6 1 3 = 2 6 3 6 2 6 = ? ?
  • 93. Example A: a. 7 12 + = 7 + 11 12 18 12 = 3 2 18/6 12/6 = + = 8 + 4 – 2 15 = 2 3 =b. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions 8 15 4 15 – 2 15 10 15 11 12 = Fractions with different denominators can’t be added directly since the “size” of the fractions don’t match. For example To add them, first find the LCD of ½ and 1/3, which is 6. We then cut each pizza into 6 slices. Both fractions may be converted to have the denominator 6. Specifically, + 3 6 2 6 = 1 2 = 3 6 1 3 = 2 6 Hence, 1 2 + 1 3 = 3 6 + 2 6 = 5 6 5 6
  • 94. We need to convert fractions of different denominators to a common denominator in order to add or subtract them. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
  • 95. We need to convert fractions of different denominators to a common denominator in order to add or subtract them. The easiest common denominator to use is the LCD, the least common denominator. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
  • 96. We need to convert fractions of different denominators to a common denominator in order to add or subtract them. The easiest common denominator to use is the LCD, the least common denominator. We list the steps below. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
  • 97. We need to convert fractions of different denominators to a common denominator in order to add or subtract them. The easiest common denominator to use is the LCD, the least common denominator. We list the steps below. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions Addition and Subtraction of Fractions With the Different Denominator
  • 98. We need to convert fractions of different denominators to a common denominator in order to add or subtract them. The easiest common denominator to use is the LCD, the least common denominator. We list the steps below. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions Addition and Subtraction of Fractions With the Different Denominator 1. Find their LCD
  • 99. We need to convert fractions of different denominators to a common denominator in order to add or subtract them. The easiest common denominator to use is the LCD, the least common denominator. We list the steps below. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions Addition and Subtraction of Fractions With the Different Denominator 1. Find their LCD 2. Convert all the different-denominator-fractions to the have the LCD as the denominator.
  • 100. We need to convert fractions of different denominators to a common denominator in order to add or subtract them. The easiest common denominator to use is the LCD, the least common denominator. We list the steps below. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions Addition and Subtraction of Fractions With the Different Denominator 1. Find their LCD 2. Convert all the different-denominator-fractions to the have the LCD as the denominator. 3. Add and subtract the adjusted fractions then simplify the result.
  • 101. We need to convert fractions of different denominators to a common denominator in order to add or subtract them. The easiest common denominator to use is the LCD, the least common denominator. We list the steps below. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions Addition and Subtraction of Fractions With the Different Denominator 1. Find their LCD 2. Convert all the different-denominator-fractions to the have the LCD as the denominator. 3. Add and subtract the adjusted fractions then simplify the result. Example B: 5 6 3 8 +a.
  • 102. We need to convert fractions of different denominators to a common denominator in order to add or subtract them. The easiest common denominator to use is the LCD, the least common denominator. We list the steps below. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions Addition and Subtraction of Fractions With the Different Denominator 1. Find their LCD 2. Convert all the different-denominator-fractions to the have the LCD as the denominator. 3. Add and subtract the adjusted fractions then simplify the result. Example B: 5 6 3 8 +a. Step 1: To find the LCD, list the multiples of 8
  • 103. We need to convert fractions of different denominators to a common denominator in order to add or subtract them. The easiest common denominator to use is the LCD, the least common denominator. We list the steps below. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions Addition and Subtraction of Fractions With the Different Denominator 1. Find their LCD 2. Convert all the different-denominator-fractions to the have the LCD as the denominator. 3. Add and subtract the adjusted fractions then simplify the result. Example B: 5 6 3 8 +a. Step 1: To find the LCD, list the multiples of 8 which are 8, 16, 24, ..
  • 104. We need to convert fractions of different denominators to a common denominator in order to add or subtract them. The easiest common denominator to use is the LCD, the least common denominator. We list the steps below. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions Addition and Subtraction of Fractions With the Different Denominator 1. Find their LCD 2. Convert all the different-denominator-fractions to the have the LCD as the denominator. 3. Add and subtract the adjusted fractions then simplify the result. Example B: 5 6 3 8 +a. Step 1: To find the LCD, list the multiples of 8 which are 8, 16, 24, .. we see that the LCD is 24.
  • 105. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions Step 2: Convert each fraction to have 24 as the denominator.
  • 106. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions Step 2: Convert each fraction to have 24 as the denominator. For , the new numerator is 24 * = 20, 5 6 5 6
  • 107. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions Step 2: Convert each fraction to have 24 as the denominator. For , the new numerator is 24 * = 20, hence 5 6 5 6 5 6 = 20 24
  • 108. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions Step 2: Convert each fraction to have 24 as the denominator. For , the new numerator is 24 * = 20, hence 5 6 5 6 5 6 = 20 24 For , the new numerator is 24 * = 9, 3 8 3 8
  • 109. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions Step 2: Convert each fraction to have 24 as the denominator. For , the new numerator is 24 * = 20, hence 5 6 5 6 5 6 = 20 24 For , the new numerator is 24 * = 9, hence 3 8 3 8 3 8 = 9 24
  • 110. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions Step 2: Convert each fraction to have 24 as the denominator. For , the new numerator is 24 * = 20, hence 5 6 5 6 5 6 = 20 24 For , the new numerator is 24 * = 9, hence 3 8 3 8 3 8 = 9 24 Step 3: Add the converted fractions.
  • 111. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions Step 2: Convert each fraction to have 24 as the denominator. For , the new numerator is 24 * = 20, hence 5 6 5 6 5 6 = 20 24 For , the new numerator is 24 * = 9, hence 3 8 3 8 3 8 = 9 24 Step 3: Add the converted fractions. 5 6 3 8 + = 20 24 + 9 24
  • 112. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions Step 2: Convert each fraction to have 24 as the denominator. For , the new numerator is 24 * = 20, hence 5 6 5 6 5 6 = 20 24 For , the new numerator is 24 * = 9, hence 3 8 3 8 3 8 = 9 24 Step 3: Add the converted fractions. 5 6 3 8 + = 20 24 + 9 24 = 29 24
  • 113. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions Step 2: Convert each fraction to have 24 as the denominator. For , the new numerator is 24 * = 20, hence 5 6 5 6 5 6 = 20 24 For , the new numerator is 24 * = 9, hence 3 8 3 8 3 8 = 9 24 Step 3: Add the converted fractions. 5 6 3 8 + = 20 24 + 9 24 = 29 24 b. 7 12 5 8 + – 16 9
  • 114. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions Step 2: Convert each fraction to have 24 as the denominator. For , the new numerator is 24 * = 20, hence 5 6 5 6 5 6 = 20 24 For , the new numerator is 24 * = 9, hence 3 8 3 8 3 8 = 9 24 Step 3: Add the converted fractions. 5 6 3 8 + = 20 24 + 9 24 = 29 24 b. 7 12 5 8 + The LCD is 48.– 16 9
  • 115. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions Step 2: Convert each fraction to have 24 as the denominator. For , the new numerator is 24 * = 20, hence 5 6 5 6 5 6 = 20 24 For , the new numerator is 24 * = 9, hence 3 8 3 8 3 8 = 9 24 Step 3: Add the converted fractions. 5 6 3 8 + = 20 24 + 9 24 = 29 24 b. 7 12 5 8 + The LCD is 48.– 16 9 Convert:
  • 116. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions Step 2: Convert each fraction to have 24 as the denominator. For , the new numerator is 24 * = 20, hence 5 6 5 6 5 6 = 20 24 For , the new numerator is 24 * = 9, hence 3 8 3 8 3 8 = 9 24 Step 3: Add the converted fractions. 5 6 3 8 + = 20 24 + 9 24 = 29 24 b. 7 12 5 8 + The LCD is 48. = 28 – 16 9 Convert: 7 12 48 *
  • 117. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions Step 2: Convert each fraction to have 24 as the denominator. For , the new numerator is 24 * = 20, hence 5 6 5 6 5 6 = 20 24 For , the new numerator is 24 * = 9, hence 3 8 3 8 3 8 = 9 24 Step 3: Add the converted fractions. 5 6 3 8 + = 20 24 + 9 24 = 29 24 b. 7 12 5 8 + The LCD is 48. = 28 – 16 9 Convert: 7 12 48 * so 7 12 = 28 48
  • 118. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions Step 2: Convert each fraction to have 24 as the denominator. For , the new numerator is 24 * = 20, hence 5 6 5 6 5 6 = 20 24 For , the new numerator is 24 * = 9, hence 3 8 3 8 3 8 = 9 24 Step 3: Add the converted fractions. 5 6 3 8 + = 20 24 + 9 24 = 29 24 b. 7 12 5 8 + The LCD is 48. = 28 – 16 9 Convert: 7 12 48 * so 7 12 = 28 48 = 30 5 8 48 *
  • 119. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions Step 2: Convert each fraction to have 24 as the denominator. For , the new numerator is 24 * = 20, hence 5 6 5 6 5 6 = 20 24 For , the new numerator is 24 * = 9, hence 3 8 3 8 3 8 = 9 24 Step 3: Add the converted fractions. 5 6 3 8 + = 20 24 + 9 24 = 29 24 b. 7 12 5 8 + The LCD is 48. = 28 – 16 9 Convert: 7 12 48 * so 7 12 = 28 48 = 30 5 8 48 * so 5 8 = 30 48
  • 120. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions Step 2: Convert each fraction to have 24 as the denominator. For , the new numerator is 24 * = 20, hence 5 6 5 6 5 6 = 20 24 For , the new numerator is 24 * = 9, hence 3 8 3 8 3 8 = 9 24 Step 3: Add the converted fractions. 5 6 3 8 + = 20 24 + 9 24 = 29 24 b. 7 12 5 8 + The LCD is 48. = 28 – 16 9 Convert: 7 12 48 * so 7 12 = 28 48 = 30 5 8 48 * so 5 8 = 30 48 = 27 9 16 48 *
  • 121. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions Step 2: Convert each fraction to have 24 as the denominator. For , the new numerator is 24 * = 20, hence 5 6 5 6 5 6 = 20 24 For , the new numerator is 24 * = 9, hence 3 8 3 8 3 8 = 9 24 Step 3: Add the converted fractions. 5 6 3 8 + = 20 24 + 9 24 = 29 24 b. 7 12 5 8 + The LCD is 48. = 28 – 16 9 Convert: 7 12 48 * so 7 12 = 28 48 = 30 5 8 48 * so 5 8 = 30 48 = 27 9 16 48 * so 9 16 = 27 48
  • 122. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions Step 2: Convert each fraction to have 24 as the denominator. For , the new numerator is 24 * = 20, hence 5 6 5 6 5 6 = 20 24 For , the new numerator is 24 * = 9, hence 3 8 3 8 3 8 = 9 24 Step 3: Add the converted fractions. 5 6 3 8 + = 20 24 + 9 24 = 29 24 b. 7 12 5 8 + The LCD is 48. = 28= – 16 9 Convert: 7 12 48 * so 7 12 = 28 48 = 30 5 8 48 * so 5 8 = 30 48 = 27 9 16 48 * so 9 16 = 27 48 28 48 + 30 48 – 27 48
  • 123. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions Step 2: Convert each fraction to have 24 as the denominator. For , the new numerator is 24 * = 20, hence 5 6 5 6 5 6 = 20 24 For , the new numerator is 24 * = 9, hence 3 8 3 8 3 8 = 9 24 Step 3: Add the converted fractions. 5 6 3 8 + = 20 24 + 9 24 = 29 24 b. 7 12 5 8 + The LCD is 48. = 28= – 16 9 48 28 + 30 – 27 Convert: 7 12 48 * so 7 12 = 28 48 = 30 5 8 48 * so 5 8 = 30 48 = 27 9 16 48 * so 9 16 = 27 48 28 48 + 30 48 – 27 48 =
  • 124. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions Step 2: Convert each fraction to have 24 as the denominator. For , the new numerator is 24 * = 20, hence 5 6 5 6 5 6 = 20 24 For , the new numerator is 24 * = 9, hence 3 8 3 8 3 8 = 9 24 Step 3: Add the converted fractions. 5 6 3 8 + = 20 24 + 9 24 = 29 24 b. 7 12 5 8 + The LCD is 48. = 28= – 16 9 48 = 28 + 30 – 27 Convert: 7 12 48 * so 7 12 = 28 48 = 30 5 8 48 * so 5 8 = 30 48 = 27 9 16 48 * so 9 16 = 27 48 28 48 + 30 48 – 27 48 = 31 48
  • 125. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions Step 2: Convert each fraction to have 24 as the denominator. For , the new numerator is 24 * = 20, hence 5 6 5 6 5 6 = 20 24 For , the new numerator is 24 * = 9, hence 3 8 3 8 3 8 = 9 24 Step 3: Add the converted fractions. 5 6 3 8 + = 20 24 + 9 24 = 29 24 b. 7 12 5 8 + The LCD is 48. = 28= – 16 9 48 = 28 + 30 – 27 Convert: 7 12 48 * so 7 12 = 28 48 = 30 5 8 48 * so 5 8 = 30 48 = 27 9 16 48 * so 9 16 = 27 48 28 48 + 30 48 – 27 48 = 31 48
  • 126. We introduce the following Multiplier-Method to add or subtract fractions to reduce the amount of repetitive copying. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
  • 127. We introduce the following Multiplier-Method to add or subtract fractions to reduce the amount of repetitive copying. This method is based on the fact that if we multiply the quantity x by a, then divide by a, we get back x. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
  • 128. We introduce the following Multiplier-Method to add or subtract fractions to reduce the amount of repetitive copying. This method is based on the fact that if we multiply the quantity x by a, then divide by a, we get back x. For example, 2 * 5 / 5 Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
  • 129. We introduce the following Multiplier-Method to add or subtract fractions to reduce the amount of repetitive copying. This method is based on the fact that if we multiply the quantity x by a, then divide by a, we get back x. For example, 2 * 5 / 5 = 10/5 = 2, Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
  • 130. We introduce the following Multiplier-Method to add or subtract fractions to reduce the amount of repetitive copying. This method is based on the fact that if we multiply the quantity x by a, then divide by a, we get back x. For example, 2 * 5 / 5 = 10/5 = 2, 3 * 8 / 8 = Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
  • 131. We introduce the following Multiplier-Method to add or subtract fractions to reduce the amount of repetitive copying. This method is based on the fact that if we multiply the quantity x by a, then divide by a, we get back x. For example, 2 * 5 / 5 = 10/5 = 2, 3 * 8 / 8 = 24/8 = 3. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
  • 132. We introduce the following Multiplier-Method to add or subtract fractions to reduce the amount of repetitive copying. This method is based on the fact that if we multiply the quantity x by a, then divide by a, we get back x. For example, 2 * 5 / 5 = 10/5 = 2, 3 * 8 / 8 = 24/8 = 3. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions Multiplier Method (for adding and subtracting fractions)
  • 133. We introduce the following Multiplier-Method to add or subtract fractions to reduce the amount of repetitive copying. This method is based on the fact that if we multiply the quantity x by a, then divide by a, we get back x. For example, 2 * 5 / 5 = 10/5 = 2, 3 * 8 / 8 = 24/8 = 3. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions Multiplier Method (for adding and subtracting fractions) To add or subtract fractions, multiply the problem by the LCD (expand it distributive using law), then divide by the LCD.
  • 134. Example C. a. We introduce the following Multiplier-Method to add or subtract fractions to reduce the amount of repetitive copying. This method is based on the fact that if we multiply the quantity x by a, then divide by a, we get back x. For example, 2 * 5 / 5 = 10/5 = 2, 3 * 8 / 8 = 24/8 = 3. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions Multiplier Method (for adding and subtracting fractions) To add or subtract fractions, multiply the problem by the LCD (expand it distributive using law), then divide by the LCD. 5 6 3 8 +
  • 135. Example C. a. The LCD is 24. We introduce the following Multiplier-Method to add or subtract fractions to reduce the amount of repetitive copying. This method is based on the fact that if we multiply the quantity x by a, then divide by a, we get back x. For example, 2 * 5 / 5 = 10/5 = 2, 3 * 8 / 8 = 24/8 = 3. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions Multiplier Method (for adding and subtracting fractions) To add or subtract fractions, multiply the problem by the LCD (expand it distributive using law), then divide by the LCD. 5 6 3 8 +
  • 136. Example C. a. The LCD is 24. Multiply the problem by 24, then divide by 24. We introduce the following Multiplier-Method to add or subtract fractions to reduce the amount of repetitive copying. This method is based on the fact that if we multiply the quantity x by a, then divide by a, we get back x. For example, 2 * 5 / 5 = 10/5 = 2, 3 * 8 / 8 = 24/8 = 3. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions Multiplier Method (for adding and subtracting fractions) To add or subtract fractions, multiply the problem by the LCD (expand it distributive using law), then divide by the LCD. 5 6 3 8 +
  • 137. Example C. a. The LCD is 24. Multiply the problem by 24, then divide by 24. 5 6 3 8+( ) * 24 / 24 We introduce the following Multiplier-Method to add or subtract fractions to reduce the amount of repetitive copying. This method is based on the fact that if we multiply the quantity x by a, then divide by a, we get back x. For example, 2 * 5 / 5 = 10/5 = 2, 3 * 8 / 8 = 24/8 = 3. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions Multiplier Method (for adding and subtracting fractions) To add or subtract fractions, multiply the problem by the LCD (expand it distributive using law), then divide by the LCD. 5 6 3 8 +
  • 138. Example C. a. The LCD is 24. Multiply the problem by 24, then divide by 24. 5 6 3 8+( ) * 24 / 24 4 We introduce the following Multiplier-Method to add or subtract fractions to reduce the amount of repetitive copying. This method is based on the fact that if we multiply the quantity x by a, then divide by a, we get back x. For example, 2 * 5 / 5 = 10/5 = 2, 3 * 8 / 8 = 24/8 = 3. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions Multiplier Method (for adding and subtracting fractions) To add or subtract fractions, multiply the problem by the LCD (expand it distributive using law), then divide by the LCD. 5 6 3 8 +
  • 139. Example C. a. The LCD is 24. Multiply the problem by 24, then divide by 24. 5 6 3 8+( ) * 24 / 24 4 3 We introduce the following Multiplier-Method to add or subtract fractions to reduce the amount of repetitive copying. This method is based on the fact that if we multiply the quantity x by a, then divide by a, we get back x. For example, 2 * 5 / 5 = 10/5 = 2, 3 * 8 / 8 = 24/8 = 3. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions Multiplier Method (for adding and subtracting fractions) To add or subtract fractions, multiply the problem by the LCD (expand it distributive using law), then divide by the LCD. 5 6 3 8 +
  • 140. Example C. a. The LCD is 24. Multiply the problem by 24, then divide by 24. 5 6 3 8+( ) * 24 / 24 = (4*5 + 3*3) / 24 4 3 We introduce the following Multiplier-Method to add or subtract fractions to reduce the amount of repetitive copying. This method is based on the fact that if we multiply the quantity x by a, then divide by a, we get back x. For example, 2 * 5 / 5 = 10/5 = 2, 3 * 8 / 8 = 24/8 = 3. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions Multiplier Method (for adding and subtracting fractions) To add or subtract fractions, multiply the problem by the LCD (expand it distributive using law), then divide by the LCD. 5 6 3 8 +
  • 141. Example C. a. The LCD is 24. Multiply the problem by 24, then divide by 24. 5 6 3 8+( ) * 24 / 24 = (4*5 + 3*3) / 24 = 29/24 = 4 3 29 24 We introduce the following Multiplier-Method to add or subtract fractions to reduce the amount of repetitive copying. This method is based on the fact that if we multiply the quantity x by a, then divide by a, we get back x. For example, 2 * 5 / 5 = 10/5 = 2, 3 * 8 / 8 = 24/8 = 3. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions Multiplier Method (for adding and subtracting fractions) To add or subtract fractions, multiply the problem by the LCD (expand it distributive using law), then divide by the LCD. 5 6 3 8 +
  • 142. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions b. 7 12 5 8 + – 16 9
  • 143. The LCD is 48. Multiply the problem by 48, expand the multiplication, then divide the result by 48. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions b. 7 12 5 8 + – 16 9
  • 144. ( ) * 48 / 48 7 12 5 8+ – 16 9 The LCD is 48. Multiply the problem by 48, expand the multiplication, then divide the result by 48. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions b. 7 12 5 8 + – 16 9
  • 145. ( ) * 48 / 48 7 12 5 8+ – 16 94 The LCD is 48. Multiply the problem by 48, expand the multiplication, then divide the result by 48. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions b. 7 12 5 8 + – 16 9
  • 146. ( ) * 48 / 48 67 12 5 8+ – 16 94 The LCD is 48. Multiply the problem by 48, expand the multiplication, then divide the result by 48. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions b. 7 12 5 8 + – 16 9
  • 147. ( ) * 48 / 48 67 12 5 8+ – 16 94 3 The LCD is 48. Multiply the problem by 48, expand the multiplication, then divide the result by 48. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions b. 7 12 5 8 + – 16 9
  • 148. ( ) * 48 / 48 = (4*7 + 6*5 – 3*9) / 48 67 12 5 8+ – 16 94 3 The LCD is 48. Multiply the problem by 48, expand the multiplication, then divide the result by 48. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions b. 7 12 5 8 + – 16 9
  • 149. ( ) * 48 / 48 = (4*7 + 6*5 – 3*9) / 48 = (28 + 30 – 27) / 48 67 12 5 8+ – 16 94 3 The LCD is 48. Multiply the problem by 48, expand the multiplication, then divide the result by 48. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions b. 7 12 5 8 + – 16 9
  • 150. ( ) * 48 / 48 = (4*7 + 6*5 – 3*9) / 48 = (28 + 30 – 27) / 48 = 67 12 5 8+ – 16 94 3 The LCD is 48. Multiply the problem by 48, expand the multiplication, then divide the result by 48. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions b. 7 12 5 8 + – 16 9 48 31
  • 151. ( ) * 48 / 48 = (4*7 + 6*5 – 3*9) / 48 = (28 + 30 – 27) / 48 = 67 12 5 8+ – 16 94 3 The LCD is 48. Multiply the problem by 48, expand the multiplication, then divide the result by 48. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions b. 7 12 5 8 + – 16 9 48 31
  • 152. ( ) * 48 / 48 = (4*7 + 6*5 – 3*9) / 48 = (28 + 30 – 27) / 48 = 67 12 5 8+ – 16 94 3 The LCD is 48. Multiply the problem by 48, expand the multiplication, then divide the result by 48. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions b. 7 12 5 8 + – 16 9 48 31
  • 153. LCM and LCD Exercise A. Find the LCM. 1. a.{6, 8} b. {6, 9} c. {3, 4} d. {4, 10} 2. a.{5, 6, 8} b. {4, 6, 9} c. {3, 4, 5} d. {4, 6, 10} 3. a.{6, 8, 9} b. {6, 9, 10} c. {4, 9, 10} d. {6, 8, 10} 4. a.{4, 8, 15} b. {8, 9, 12} c. {6, 9, 15} 5. a.{6, 8, 15} b. {8, 9, 15} c. {6, 9, 16} 6. a.{8, 12, 15} b. { 9, 12, 15} c. { 9, 12, 16} 7. a.{8, 12, 18} b. {8, 12, 20} c. { 12, 15, 16} 8. a.{8, 12, 15, 18} b. {8, 12, 16, 20} 9. a.{8, 15, 18, 20} b. {9, 16, 20, 24}
  • 154. B. Convert the fractions to fractions with the given denominators. 10. Convert to denominator 12. 11. Convert to denominator 24. 12. Convert to denominator 36. 13. Convert to denominator 60. 2 3 , 3 4 , 5 6 , 7 4 1 6 , 3 4 , 5 6 , 3 8 7 12 , 5 4 , 8 9 , 11 6 9 10 , 7 12 , 13 5 , 11 15 LCM and LCD
  • 155. Exercise A. Calculate and simplify the answers. 1 2 3 2 +1. 2. 3. 4.5 3 1 3+ 5 4 3 4 + 5 2 3 2 + 5 5 3 5–5. 6. 7. 8.6 6 5 6 – 9 9 4 9– 1 4 7– B. Calculate by the Multiplier Method and simplify the answers. 1 2 1 3 +17. 18. 19. 20.1 2 1 3 – 2 3 3 2 + 3 4 2 5 + 5 6 4 7–21. 22. 23. 24.7 10 2 5 – 5 11 3 4+ 5 9 7 15– Addition and Subtraction of Fractions 9. 1 2 9 – 10. 1 3 8 – 11. 4 3 4– 12. 8 3 8 – 13. 11 3 5– 14. 9 3 8 – 15.14 1 6 – 16. 21 3 11 –5 6 8
  • 156. Addition and Subtraction of FractionsC. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions 6 1 4 5 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 38.37. 39. 40. 6 5 4 7  12 7 9 5  12 5 8 3  16 5 24 7  18 5 12 7  20 3 24 11  15 7 18 5  9 4 6 1 4 3  10 7 6 1 4 5  12 5 6 1 8 3  12 1 9 5 8 7  9 2 16 1 24 5  18 7 12 1 4 5  12 7 16 1 18 5  10 7 18 5 24 7 
  • 157. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions 7 18 443. + 15 7 12 11 +44. 18 19 24 7 – 15 5 4 541. – 6 4 9 5 – 6 3 8 5 + 42. 12 + – 5 745. – 12 7 9 1 – 6 5 8 5 + 46. 8 –3