The document discusses requirements inception and problem analysis for software projects. It outlines five steps for problem analysis: 1) gaining agreement on the problem definition, 2) understanding the root causes, 3) identifying stakeholders, 4) defining the solution vision and scope, and 5) identifying constraints. It also discusses developing business requirements, a problem statement, stakeholder profiles, a product vision statement, and defining the project scope. The overall goal is to better understand the problem before development begins by analyzing the root causes and needs of stakeholders.
This lecture provides a short review of postmortem analysis. The core responsibility of software project manager. Postmortem analysis describes reasons of software project failure or success.
Extreme programming (xp) | David TzemachDavid Tzemach
It’s simply the best presentation that explains the agile methodology of Extreme Programming!
Overview
1. What is Extreme programming?
2. Extreme programming as an agile methodology.
3. The values of Extreme programming
4. The Activities of Extreme programming
5. The 12 core practices of Extreme programming
6. The roles of Extreme programming
Enjoy :)
Learn about Agile Methodology of Software Engineering and study concepts like What is Agile, Why Agile is there, Agile Principles, Agile Manifesto with Pros & Cons of it.
Presentation also include Agile Testing Methodology like Scrum, Crystal Methodologies, DSDM, Feature Driven Development, Lean Software Development & Extreme Programming.
If you watch this one please rate it and do share this presentation to others so then can easily learn more about the Agile Methodology.
This slide share will help users to understand the agile software development methodology and how does it work. It also defines the whole process to implement scrum methodology.
This lecture helps to learn how different types of processes are managed while executing a software project. this is core responsibility and one the most technical and difficult task of project manager.
A keynote presentation comparing/contrasting old & new SDLC methodologies that was used to kick off an internal agile meetup focused on standardizing on the Atlassian suite of SDLC tools.
One of the enhanced method for requirement determination is agile methodology in system analysis phase, and this slide presents the strategies available under agile methods for requirement determination with maximum user involvement for developing an information system.
This lecture provides a short review of postmortem analysis. The core responsibility of software project manager. Postmortem analysis describes reasons of software project failure or success.
Extreme programming (xp) | David TzemachDavid Tzemach
It’s simply the best presentation that explains the agile methodology of Extreme Programming!
Overview
1. What is Extreme programming?
2. Extreme programming as an agile methodology.
3. The values of Extreme programming
4. The Activities of Extreme programming
5. The 12 core practices of Extreme programming
6. The roles of Extreme programming
Enjoy :)
Learn about Agile Methodology of Software Engineering and study concepts like What is Agile, Why Agile is there, Agile Principles, Agile Manifesto with Pros & Cons of it.
Presentation also include Agile Testing Methodology like Scrum, Crystal Methodologies, DSDM, Feature Driven Development, Lean Software Development & Extreme Programming.
If you watch this one please rate it and do share this presentation to others so then can easily learn more about the Agile Methodology.
This slide share will help users to understand the agile software development methodology and how does it work. It also defines the whole process to implement scrum methodology.
This lecture helps to learn how different types of processes are managed while executing a software project. this is core responsibility and one the most technical and difficult task of project manager.
A keynote presentation comparing/contrasting old & new SDLC methodologies that was used to kick off an internal agile meetup focused on standardizing on the Atlassian suite of SDLC tools.
One of the enhanced method for requirement determination is agile methodology in system analysis phase, and this slide presents the strategies available under agile methods for requirement determination with maximum user involvement for developing an information system.
Presentation co-authored with Gerry Kirk to facilitate conversation with a client interested in hiring Agile coaches to help transition. It covers:
* Introduces Agile briefly from a risk perspective
* Key benefits of Agile adoption
* Agile transition process and phases
The presentation was given to senior management who were considering a shift to Agile.
Please email us if you would like a download.
Testing fundamentals in a changing world (annotated slides)Derk-Jan de Grood
Slides of my September SIGIST Keynote.
Description:
With the fast adoption of agile the definition of testing and our test approach changes. When deploying daily, there is no room for manual testing and a test report.
It’s time to get back to our fundamentals. Why do we work the way we do, and what needs do organisations have?
In this Keynote, Derk-Jan de Grood will explore the fundamental assets of the test profession, so we can reshape or test approach and make it work in an Agile context.
Although the daily focus shifts from working in silo’s to collaboration, from execution to coaching, from preparing to doing, the test fundamentals remain in place. In our search we will distinguish unchanged artefacts that we’ll create for a different reason and goals that remain unchanged but will only be achieved if we take a different route.
But bear in mind, not every project is done by using agile methods. Therefore we’ll also explore what concepts
of agile testing can we use to improve our traditional projects.
By understanding what is changed and what not we can adopt our approach, guide our stakeholders and
colleagues in order to align testing with the company goals.
Three key points:
Both agile and traditional projects are changing – testing needs to align
We still need some of the same test fundamentals – but perhaps for a different reason
We still have some of the same test goals – but we’ need to achieve them in different ways.
In systems engineering and software engineering, requirements analysis encompasses those tasks that go into determining the needs or conditions to meet for a new or altered product or project, taking account of the possibly conflicting requirements of the various stakeholders, analyzing, documenting, validating and managing software or system requirements.
Agile Software Development, Nature of Agile Software Development, Tools in Agile Software Development, Phases of Agile Software Development, SCRUM. This presentation was done to present about Agile Software Development in our Rapid Application Development module.
Presentation slides from my BABOK Study Group that I led.
Those materials will help you pass BABOK certification exams. Study Group was aimed at individuals self preparing to CCBA or CBAP exams.
Subject of this presentation: Enterprise Analysis.
Please visit my blog: http://zubkiewicz.com/
Presentation co-authored with Gerry Kirk to facilitate conversation with a client interested in hiring Agile coaches to help transition. It covers:
* Introduces Agile briefly from a risk perspective
* Key benefits of Agile adoption
* Agile transition process and phases
The presentation was given to senior management who were considering a shift to Agile.
Please email us if you would like a download.
Testing fundamentals in a changing world (annotated slides)Derk-Jan de Grood
Slides of my September SIGIST Keynote.
Description:
With the fast adoption of agile the definition of testing and our test approach changes. When deploying daily, there is no room for manual testing and a test report.
It’s time to get back to our fundamentals. Why do we work the way we do, and what needs do organisations have?
In this Keynote, Derk-Jan de Grood will explore the fundamental assets of the test profession, so we can reshape or test approach and make it work in an Agile context.
Although the daily focus shifts from working in silo’s to collaboration, from execution to coaching, from preparing to doing, the test fundamentals remain in place. In our search we will distinguish unchanged artefacts that we’ll create for a different reason and goals that remain unchanged but will only be achieved if we take a different route.
But bear in mind, not every project is done by using agile methods. Therefore we’ll also explore what concepts
of agile testing can we use to improve our traditional projects.
By understanding what is changed and what not we can adopt our approach, guide our stakeholders and
colleagues in order to align testing with the company goals.
Three key points:
Both agile and traditional projects are changing – testing needs to align
We still need some of the same test fundamentals – but perhaps for a different reason
We still have some of the same test goals – but we’ need to achieve them in different ways.
In systems engineering and software engineering, requirements analysis encompasses those tasks that go into determining the needs or conditions to meet for a new or altered product or project, taking account of the possibly conflicting requirements of the various stakeholders, analyzing, documenting, validating and managing software or system requirements.
Agile Software Development, Nature of Agile Software Development, Tools in Agile Software Development, Phases of Agile Software Development, SCRUM. This presentation was done to present about Agile Software Development in our Rapid Application Development module.
Presentation slides from my BABOK Study Group that I led.
Those materials will help you pass BABOK certification exams. Study Group was aimed at individuals self preparing to CCBA or CBAP exams.
Subject of this presentation: Enterprise Analysis.
Please visit my blog: http://zubkiewicz.com/
Understand the different types of requirements and their importance in the Business Analysis process
Learn techniques for gathering and analyzing requirements
Understand how to prioritize requirements based on business value and feasibility
This lecture provide a review of requirement engineering process. The slides have been prepared after reading Ian Summerville and Roger Pressman work. This lecture is helpful to understand user, and user requirements.
Supply Chain Strategy with an Assessment done for a Consumer Products Company with a presence in Europe, North America and Asia. Listing this to show format details for Supply Chain Strategy, and will also put a shorter version on as a Case Study for CI in Supply Chain. We put this on in so much detail to provide people with a guide and base for others to do similar projects (and if they need help, we'd love to speak with them). Good luck and feel free to reach out to me if you have questions on some of the formats or how to do the analysis being suggested.
In this business analysis training session, you will learn introduction to Business Analysis. Topics covered in this course are:
Introduction to Business Analysis
• What is a Project?
• Business Process – What and Why?
• Who is a Project Manager?
• Who is a Business Analyst?
• What is Business Analysis and why is it important?
• Roles, Responsibilities and Necessary Skills for a Business Analyst
To know more, visit this link: https://www.mindsmapped.com/courses/business-analysis/become-a-business-analyst-hands-on-practice-with-real-life-templates/
Introduction to Business Analysis - Part 2Lakshmi-BA
In this business analysis training, you will learn basics of business analysis. Topics covered in this session are:
• Pre-Project Activity
• Reason for Project Initiation
• What is Business Analysis?
• Who are Business Analyst?
• Role
• Skills
• Responsibilities
• Knowledge areas
For more information, visit this link: https://www.mindsmapped.com/courses/business-analysis/business-analyst-training-for-beginners/
Online aptitude test management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
The purpose of on-line aptitude test system is to take online test in an efficient manner and no time wasting for checking the paper. The main objective of on-line aptitude test system is to efficiently evaluate the candidate thoroughly through a fully automated system that not only saves lot of time but also gives fast results. For students they give papers according to their convenience and time and there is no need of using extra thing like paper, pen etc. This can be used in educational institutions as well as in corporate world. Can be used anywhere any time as it is a web based application (user Location doesn’t matter). No restriction that examiner has to be present when the candidate takes the test.
Every time when lecturers/professors need to conduct examinations they have to sit down think about the questions and then create a whole new set of questions for each and every exam. In some cases the professor may want to give an open book online exam that is the student can take the exam any time anywhere, but the student might have to answer the questions in a limited time period. The professor may want to change the sequence of questions for every student. The problem that a student has is whenever a date for the exam is declared the student has to take it and there is no way he can take it at some other time. This project will create an interface for the examiner to create and store questions in a repository. It will also create an interface for the student to take examinations at his convenience and the questions and/or exams may be timed. Thereby creating an application which can be used by examiners and examinee’s simultaneously.
Examination System is very useful for Teachers/Professors. As in the teaching profession, you are responsible for writing question papers. In the conventional method, you write the question paper on paper, keep question papers separate from answers and all this information you have to keep in a locker to avoid unauthorized access. Using the Examination System you can create a question paper and everything will be written to a single exam file in encrypted format. You can set the General and Administrator password to avoid unauthorized access to your question paper. Every time you start the examination, the program shuffles all the questions and selects them randomly from the database, which reduces the chances of memorizing the questions.
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...nooriasukmaningtyas
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
Water billing management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project entitled “Water Billing Management System” aims is to generate Water bill with all the charges and penalty. Manual system that is employed is extremely laborious and quite inadequate. It only makes the process more difficult and hard.
The aim of our project is to develop a system that is meant to partially computerize the work performed in the Water Board like generating monthly Water bill, record of consuming unit of water, store record of the customer and previous unpaid record.
We used HTML/PHP as front end and MYSQL as back end for developing our project. HTML is primarily a visual design environment. We can create a android application by designing the form and that make up the user interface. Adding android application code to the form and the objects such as buttons and text boxes on them and adding any required support code in additional modular.
MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software. It is a stable ,reliable and the powerful solution with the advanced features and advantages which are as follows: Data Security.MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
Fundamentals of Electric Drives and its applications.pptx
Seg3101 ch2-1 - inception
1. Gregor v. Bochmann, University of Ottawa
Based on Powerpoint slides by Gunter Mussbacher
with material from:
Wiegers: Software Requirements, Chapter 5
Leffingwell & Widrig: Managing Software Requirements…, Chapter 5
Requirements Inception
SEG3101 (Fall 2010)
2. 2
SEG3101 (Fall 2010). Requirements Inception.
Table of Contents
• Problem Analysis
• Business Requirements
• Five Steps for Problem Analysis
• Gain Agreement on the Problem Definition
• Understand the Root Causes
• Identify the Stakeholders
• Product Vision and Project Scope
• Identify the Constraints
• Vision and Scope Document
• The important thing is not to stop questioning. Curiosity has
its own reason for existing.1
[1] Albert Einstein (1879 - 1955)
4. 4
SEG3101 (Fall 2010). Requirements Inception.
Problem Analysis
• Goal: gain a better understanding of the problem being
solved before development begins
• Identify root cause
• Identify stakeholders and their needs (or problems)
• Identify solution boundary
• Uses business requirements obtained from stakeholders
• Results in Product Vision and Project Scope
Problem Analysis Business Requirements Agreement Root Causes Stakeholders Vision & Scope Constraints Document
5. 5
SEG3101 (Fall 2010). Requirements Inception.
Business Requirements (1)
• Business Opportunity
• Description of market opportunity, competing market, business
problem being solved or improved, advantage of proposed solution,
problems that will be solved...
• Business Objective and Success Criteria
• Important business benefits the product will provide in a quantitative
and measurable way, how success will be measured, factors that have
great impact on success...
• Customer or Market Needs
• Problems that customers currently encounter that will be addressed
• Business Risks
• Major risks associated with developing or not developing the product
(marketplace competition, timing, user acceptance, implementation
issues...)
Problem Analysis Business Requirements Agreement Root Causes Stakeholders Vision & Scope Constraints Document
6. 6
SEG3101 (Fall 2010). Requirements Inception.
Business Requirements – Example
• Business Opportunity
• Exploit the poor security record of a competing product
• Business Objective and Success Criteria
• Capture a market share of 80 percent by being recognized as the most
secure product in the market through trade journal reviews and
consumer surveys
• Achieve positive cash flow on the product within 6 months
Problem Analysis Business Requirements Agreement Root Causes Stakeholders Vision & Scope Constraints Document
7. 7
SEG3101 (Fall 2010). Requirements Inception.
Business Requirements (2)
• Important for:
• Ensuring that all project participants work for the same reasons
• Getting stakeholders agreement on requirements
• User and software requirements must align with the context
and objective defined by business requirements
• Requirements that do not help achieve business objective
should not be included
Problem Analysis Business Requirements Agreement Root Causes Stakeholders Vision & Scope Constraints Document
8. 8
SEG3101 (Fall 2010). Requirements Inception.
Problem Analysis – Five Steps
• Leffingwell and Widrig propose five steps for problem
analysis
• Gain agreement on the problem definition
• Understand the root causes – the problem behind the problem
• Identify the stakeholders
• Define the solution system vision and boundary
• Identify the constraints to be imposed on the solution
Problem Analysis Business Requirements Agreement Root Causes Stakeholders Vision & Scope Constraints Document
9. 9
SEG3101 (Fall 2010). Requirements Inception.
Problem Analysis – Gain Agreement
• Document the problem and seek agreement
• Ask stakeholders to write a problem statement in an agreed format
• Statement should include
• What the problem is
• Who is affected by it?
• What is the impact?
• Is there a proposed solution?
• What are key benefits?
Problem Analysis Business Requirements Agreement Root Causes Stakeholders Vision & Scope Constraints Document
10. 10
SEG3101 (Fall 2010). Requirements Inception.
Problem Analysis – Understand Root Causes (1)
• There is often a problem behind the problem
• Root cause analysis consists of finding underlying causes
that may not be immediately apparent
• Example: Our e-commerce site is not profitable
• Why is it not profitable?
• Poor site design?
• Bad pricing?
• Poor customer management after the sale?
• Some or all of the above?
Problem Analysis Business Requirements Agreement Root Causes Stakeholders Vision & Scope Constraints Document
11. 11
SEG3101 (Fall 2010). Requirements Inception.
Problem Analysis – Understand Root Causes (2)
• Root cause analysis can be used to understand root causes
• Determine what factors contribute to the problem (sub-problems)
• Recursively determine what factors contribute to these problems
• Decompose until causes are understood (possible solution
clear)
• Decomposition can be represented using a Fishbone diagram, an
itemized list...
Source: Leffingwell & Widrig
Problem Analysis Business Requirements Agreement Root Causes Stakeholders Vision & Scope Constraints Document
12. 12
SEG3101 (Fall 2010). Requirements Inception.
Problem Analysis – Understand Root Causes (3)
• Address Root Causes
• Root causes do not all have same impact
• Some may not be worth fixing, at least not now
• Estimate relative impact of root causes (e.g., with the help of
a Pareto (bar) chart)
• Create problem
statement for root
cause problem
identified as worth
solving (and with
computer solution)
Source: Leffingwell & Widrig
Problem Analysis Business Requirements Agreement Root Causes Stakeholders Vision & Scope Constraints Document
13. 13
SEG3101 (Fall 2010). Requirements Inception.
Problem Statement
Source: Leffingwell & Widrig
Problem Analysis Business Requirements Agreement Root Causes Stakeholders Vision & Scope Constraints Document
14. 14
SEG3101 (Fall 2010). Requirements Inception.
Problem Analysis – Stakeholder Profiles (1)
• Stakeholder Profiles
• Stakeholders are individuals, groups, organizations who are actively
involved in the project, are affected by its outcome or are able to
influence its outcome
• Profile should include:
• Major value or benefit that stakeholder will receive from product (e.g.,
improved productivity, reduced rework, cost saving, ability to perform new
tasks...)
• Likely attitude toward the product
• Major features and characteristics of interest
• Any known constraints that must be accommodated
Problem Analysis Business Requirements Agreement Root Causes Stakeholders Vision & Scope Constraints Document
15. 15
SEG3101 (Fall 2010). Requirements Inception.
Problem Analysis – Stakeholder Profiles (2)
• How to identify Stakeholders?
• Elicitation would ask questions such as
• Who uses the system?
• Who is the customer?
• Who is affected by outputs?
• Who evaluates/approves system?
• Other external/internal users?
• Who maintains the system?
• Anyone who cares? (e.g., legal/regulatory, etc.)
Problem Analysis Business Requirements Agreement Root Causes Stakeholders Vision & Scope Constraints Document
16. 16
SEG3101 (Fall 2010). Requirements Inception.
Problem Analysis – Product Vision and Project Scope
• Product Vision: describes what the product is about and what
it could eventually become
• Aligns all stakeholders in a common direction
• Project Scope: identifies what portion of the ultimate long-
term product vision the current project will address
• Draws boundary between what is in and what is out
Product Vision
Project Scope
for release 1.1
Project Scope
for release 1.0
Project Scope
for release n
…..
Problem Analysis Business Requirements Agreement Root Causes Stakeholders Vision & Scope Constraints Document
17. 17
SEG3101 (Fall 2010). Requirements Inception.
Vision Statement (1)
• Vision Statement template (according to Moore)
• For [target customer]
• Who [statement of the need or opportunity]
• The [product name]
• Is [a product category]
• That [key benefit, compelling reason to buy or use]
• Unlike [primary competitive alternative, current system, or current
business process],
• Our product [statement of primary differentiation and advantages of
new product]
Problem Analysis Business Requirements Agreement Root Causes Stakeholders Vision & Scope Constraints Document
18. 18
SEG3101 (Fall 2010). Requirements Inception.
Vision Statement (2)
• Example
• For scientists who need to request containers of chemicals, the
Chemical Tracking System is an information system that will provide a
single point of access to the chemical stockroom and vendors. The
system will store the location of every chemical container within the
company, the quantity of material remaining in it and the complete
history of each container's location and usage. This system will save
the company 25% on chemical costs in the first year of use by allowing
the company to fully exploit chemicals that are already available within
the company, dispose of fewer partially used or expired containers and
use a single standard chemical purchasing process. Unlike the current
manual ordering processes, our product will generate all reports
required to comply with government regulations that require the
reporting of chemical usage, storage, and disposal.
Problem Analysis Business Requirements Agreement Root Causes Stakeholders Vision & Scope Constraints Document
19. 19
SEG3101 (Fall 2010). Requirements Inception.
Problem Analysis – Definition of Scope (1)
• Definition of solution system boundaries
• Requirements baseline is defined according to the release
scope
• New requirements during development are evaluated
according to the scope
• New in-scope requirements can be incorporated if they are of
high priority relative to the other requirements in the baseline
• Usually implies deferring or canceling other requirements or negotiating a
new schedule
• Out-of-scope requirements should be deferred to a following release
Problem Analysis Business Requirements Agreement Root Causes Stakeholders Vision & Scope Constraints Document
20. 20
SEG3101 (Fall 2010). Requirements Inception.
Problem Analysis – Definition of Scope (2)
• Context Diagram
• Top-level view of a system that shows the system’s boundaries and
scope
• Identifies terminators outside the system
• Data, control, and material flow between terminators and the system
Source: Leffingwell & Widrig
Problem Analysis Business Requirements Agreement Root Causes Stakeholders Vision & Scope Constraints Document
21. 21
SEG3101 (Fall 2010). Requirements Inception.
Problem Analysis – Identify Constraints
• Restrictions on the solution space
• Put limitations on the ability to deliver a solution as envisioned
• Usually non-functional requirements that impose major restrictions on
the system
• Sources of constraints include:
• Economics (e.g., costs, licensing issues)
• Politics (e.g., internal or external, interdepartmental issues)
• Technology (e.g., choice of technology/platform)
• Systems (e.g., existing system, compatibility issues)
• Environment (e.g., legal/environmental/security/standards)
• Schedule and resources (e.g., fixed schedule, team)
Problem Analysis Business Requirements Agreement Root Causes Stakeholders Vision & Scope Constraints Document
22. 22
SEG3101 (Fall 2010). Requirements Inception.
Vision and Scope Document (1)
• Contents:
• Business requirements
• Vision of the solution
• Vision statement
• Major features (numbered list of major features or user capabilities unique
to the new product)
• Assumptions (made while developing vision and scope)
• Major dependencies to external factors outside of the project’s control
(e.g., pending industry standards, government regulations, other projects,
third party suppliers, development partners)
• Scope and limitation (for initial and subsequent releases)
• Business context
Problem Analysis Business Requirements Agreement Root Causes Stakeholders Vision & Scope Constraints Document
23. 23
SEG3101 (Fall 2010). Requirements Inception.
Vision and Scope Document (2)
• Contents – Scope and limitations:
• Concept and range of proposed solution
• What the system is
• Limitations
• Capabilities that the product won't include (what the system is not)
• Record rejected requirements with the reason for rejecting them
• Scope of initial release
• Major features planned for initial release
• Acceptable quality characteristics of initial release
• Scope of subsequent releases
Problem Analysis Business Requirements Agreement Root Causes Stakeholders Vision & Scope Constraints Document
24. 24
SEG3101 (Fall 2010). Requirements Inception.
Vision and Scope Document (3)
• Contents – Business context:
• Project Priorities
• Stakeholders must agree on the project priorities
• Help effective decision making
• Operating Environment
• Environment in which system will be used (e.g., distributed environment)
• Vital availability, reliability, performance and integrity requirements linked
to operating environment
Problem Analysis Business Requirements Agreement Root Causes Stakeholders Vision & Scope Constraints Document