The document is Audubon's journal from his trips along the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers in 1820-1821 and 1843. It describes numerous occasions where Audubon and his companions shot or saw various bird and animal species for the purpose of study and specimen collection. They used guns to shoot birds in flight or at a distance, and noted instances where shots were missed or the animal got away. The journal entries showcase Audubon's skill at observing wildlife and his technique of using firearms to obtain specimens for his artistic works and scientific studies.
The document discusses John James Audubon's paintings and observations of birds in America in the early 19th century. It describes how Audubon would hunt and shoot birds to study them closely and include accurate depictions in his artwork. Later sections discuss how terms like "snapshot" evolved from descriptions of quickly taking shots at birds to refer to instantaneous photographs. The document provides historical context on the development of bird watching and conservation from Audubon's time to the formation of the Audubon Society in the late 19th century.
Andrew Jackson Grayson was an American artist and naturalist in the mid-19th century known as the "Audubon of the West". He produced hundreds of watercolor paintings of birds and other wildlife in California, Mexico, and Central America. Grayson supplied specimens and illustrations to prominent natural historians including Spencer Baird at the Smithsonian Institution. He gained recognition as a skilled artist in his own time but is now best remembered for his detailed naturalistic works that expanded knowledge of regional fauna.
Thomas Cole and John James Audubon were two major American artists in the 1830s-1840s. Both immigrated to the US (Audubon in 1803 and Cole in 1819) and learned painting without formal training. They were inspired by the American wilderness and sought to depict its natural beauty through landscape painting and scientific illustrations, respectively. However, they also witnessed and documented the rapid development and destruction of the wilderness during their lifetimes.
This document contains summaries and excerpts from Jennifer L. Roberts' paper "Audubon’s Burden Materiality and Transmission in The Birds of America" including:
1) Images and descriptions of works by John James Audubon from The Birds of America alongside contemporary works and reproductions by other artists that engage with Audubon's works.
2) Quotations from Audubon describing his process of accurately measuring and depicting birds in The Birds of America.
3) Images of animals from North America and reproductions of Audubon's works in bound volumes from the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library.
This document provides an overview of an NEH Summer Institute on analyzing visual artworks held at Indiana University. It focuses on analyzing works by John James Audubon, including his watercolors, engraved plates for The Birds of America, portrait paintings, and cultural legacy. The analyses cover examining the object, Audubon's style and technique, iconography, his biography, and the cultural history surrounding his work.
This document provides an overview of several important figures in the history of ornithology and bird illustration before John James Audubon, including Mark Catesby, Alexander Wilson, John White, Ulisse Aldrovandi, Leonardo da Vinci, and Carolus Linnaeus. It showcases examples of their watercolors, etchings, and engraved illustrations of various bird species from the 16th-19th centuries.
This document provides an overview of the history of photography and film from the early daguerreotypes through the development of motion pictures. It summarizes key figures and innovations including Louis Daguerre and the daguerreotype (1839), Fox Talbot and the calotype process (1834-1844), Alfred Stieglitz establishing photography as an art form in the early 20th century, Walker Evans and Dorothea Lange using photography to document the Great Depression, and Eadweard Muybridge whose sequential photography of motion in the 1870s led to the development of motion pictures by the Lumiere Brothers in 1895.
The document discusses John James Audubon's paintings and observations of birds in America in the early 19th century. It describes how Audubon would hunt and shoot birds to study them closely and include accurate depictions in his artwork. Later sections discuss how terms like "snapshot" evolved from descriptions of quickly taking shots at birds to refer to instantaneous photographs. The document provides historical context on the development of bird watching and conservation from Audubon's time to the formation of the Audubon Society in the late 19th century.
Andrew Jackson Grayson was an American artist and naturalist in the mid-19th century known as the "Audubon of the West". He produced hundreds of watercolor paintings of birds and other wildlife in California, Mexico, and Central America. Grayson supplied specimens and illustrations to prominent natural historians including Spencer Baird at the Smithsonian Institution. He gained recognition as a skilled artist in his own time but is now best remembered for his detailed naturalistic works that expanded knowledge of regional fauna.
Thomas Cole and John James Audubon were two major American artists in the 1830s-1840s. Both immigrated to the US (Audubon in 1803 and Cole in 1819) and learned painting without formal training. They were inspired by the American wilderness and sought to depict its natural beauty through landscape painting and scientific illustrations, respectively. However, they also witnessed and documented the rapid development and destruction of the wilderness during their lifetimes.
This document contains summaries and excerpts from Jennifer L. Roberts' paper "Audubon’s Burden Materiality and Transmission in The Birds of America" including:
1) Images and descriptions of works by John James Audubon from The Birds of America alongside contemporary works and reproductions by other artists that engage with Audubon's works.
2) Quotations from Audubon describing his process of accurately measuring and depicting birds in The Birds of America.
3) Images of animals from North America and reproductions of Audubon's works in bound volumes from the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library.
This document provides an overview of an NEH Summer Institute on analyzing visual artworks held at Indiana University. It focuses on analyzing works by John James Audubon, including his watercolors, engraved plates for The Birds of America, portrait paintings, and cultural legacy. The analyses cover examining the object, Audubon's style and technique, iconography, his biography, and the cultural history surrounding his work.
This document provides an overview of several important figures in the history of ornithology and bird illustration before John James Audubon, including Mark Catesby, Alexander Wilson, John White, Ulisse Aldrovandi, Leonardo da Vinci, and Carolus Linnaeus. It showcases examples of their watercolors, etchings, and engraved illustrations of various bird species from the 16th-19th centuries.
This document provides an overview of the history of photography and film from the early daguerreotypes through the development of motion pictures. It summarizes key figures and innovations including Louis Daguerre and the daguerreotype (1839), Fox Talbot and the calotype process (1834-1844), Alfred Stieglitz establishing photography as an art form in the early 20th century, Walker Evans and Dorothea Lange using photography to document the Great Depression, and Eadweard Muybridge whose sequential photography of motion in the 1870s led to the development of motion pictures by the Lumiere Brothers in 1895.
The Romantic Era lasted from 1820-1900. During this time, many important inventions were developed including the first photographs, dictionaries, pianos, and sleeping cars on trains. Famous authors like Charles Dickens and Edgar Allan Poe were publishing influential works. The first skyscrapers and railroads were constructed. Important scientific discoveries were made, including chloroform as anesthesia and X-rays. Composers developed new styles of program music and nationalistic sounds. Iconic works premiered such as The Nutcracker and 1812 Overture.
Tales of the Unexpected in the British Newspaper Archive by Ed King. Presentation given at the Europeana Newspapers Information Day, held at the British Library on 9 June 2014.
Free documents from the UK UFO National Archives. You have to pay for these now, but we have them! You can get all of them at no cost here: http://alien-ufo-research.com/documents/uk
This document is a catalog listing books, papers, and magazines for sale on UFO and paranormal topics. It includes over 50 books summarized by title and author, primarily paperbacks and some hardcovers. The books cover topics like UFO sightings and encounters, abductions, government conspiracies, and paranormal phenomena. The document also lists several UFO-focused magazines available for purchase. It provides contact information for ordering and notes that prices include postage within the UK.
The document provides an overview of an exhibition titled "Alice in Wonderland" held at Tate Liverpool from November 4th, 2011 to January 29th, 2012. It features information on Lewis Carroll, the author of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, illustrations from the book by John Tenniel, photographs taken by Carroll, and how the story of Alice has inspired various artists over different time periods in their work.
The document provides an overview of major art movements from Romanticism through Postmodernism, highlighting some of the key features and influential artists of each period. Romanticism emphasized imagination, nature, and the individual. Realism sought to depict everyday life realistically. Impressionism focused on capturing fleeting moments and effects of light. Modernism emerged in response to World War I and industrialization, with Cubism and abstract works shown in the influential 1913 Armory Show. Postmodernism saw the rise of Pop Art, using consumer culture imagery, and feminist art challenging social norms.
The document provides an overview of major art movements from Romanticism through Postmodernism, highlighting some of the key features and influential artists of each period. Romanticism emphasized imagination, nature, and the individual. Realism sought to depict everyday life realistically. Impressionism focused on capturing fleeting moments and effects of light. Modernism emerged in response to World War I and industrialization, with Cubism and abstract works questioning artistic conventions. Postmodernism saw the rise of Pop Art reflecting mass culture and feminist artists addressing gender issues.
For those of you born on October 23, or in the year 1959...or, indeed, on the very special day October 23, 1959, this PPt's for you...but it's really for me.
The document discusses experiments in art and technology conducted by the organization Experiments in Art and Technology (EAT) in 1966 and 1967. EAT explored artist-engineer collaboration and the potential of combining artistic and technical exploration. A key event was the 9 Evenings: Theatre and Engineering in 1967, which featured collaborations between artists like Robert Rauschenberg and engineers. The document also discusses the work of Nam June Paik, who was among the first artists to use televisions in artworks and viewed technology through a cybernetic and Buddhist lens.
The document discusses several American photographers who documented the American West in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, including Timothy O'Sullivan, William Henry Jackson, Carlton Watkins, and Ansel Adams. It provides examples of their landscape photographs capturing places like the Grand Canyon, Yellowstone, and Yosemite. Later photographers like Robert Adams and Lewis Baltz depicted the changing urbanization of the Western landscape in the postwar era.
The document discusses various scientific and cultural developments that occurred around 1905, including Einstein's publications on relativity which revolutionized physics, the Fauves art movement in France, Freud's work on the unconscious mind, and archaeological discoveries at Knossos in Greece. Developments in other fields like blood typing, glass packaging, and filmmaking are also mentioned. The year 1905 is described as witnessing many breakthroughs that shaped the modern era.
Photography had a significant impact during the American Civil War as it was the first time battlefields and dead soldiers were photographed and images were widely distributed. Prior to the war, most Americans experienced war through paintings. The daguerreotype was the first practical form of photography in the 1830s but images could not be reproduced. The wet plate collodion process developed in the 1850s allowed negatives and reproductions, increasing photography's role in documenting the Civil War. Photographers such as Brady and Gardner photographed battles and brought images of war's reality to the American public.
The document provides a daily history summary for various dates, reporting on notable events such as the eruption of Mount Vesuvius burying Pompeii, the establishment of the US Treasury Department, the first televised baseball game, Martin Luther King Jr.'s "I Have a Dream" speech, the beginning of World War II, and the September 11th terrorist attacks among other historical events.
LIFE Magazine and the Most Influential Photos of All Time (part 1)guimera
The document provides a summary of 20 influential photographs throughout history and their significance. It discusses the first permanent photograph taken by Joseph Nicéphore Niépce in 1826 and how it laid the groundwork for photography. It also discusses photographs that shaped our understanding of war like Roger Fenton's images from the Crimean War in 1855, Alexander Gardner's images of the Civil War dead at Antietam in 1862, and others that advanced technology and our understanding of motion like Eadweard Muybridge's stop-motion images of a galloping horse in 1878. Many of the photographs influenced politics and social reform like Jacob Riis' images of tenement housing in New York City in 1888 and Lewis H
This document provides an overview of American art and visual culture from the early colonial period through the Gilded Age (1877-1900). It discusses the development of art forms like painting, sculpture, photography as America transitioned from colonies to an industrial powerhouse. Key developments included the founding of art academies in the 1800s, the rise of landscape painting, and the World's Columbian Exposition of 1893 which showcased Beaux-Arts architecture and American innovation. The Gilded Age saw the growth of industry, railroads, labor unions, and wealthy "robber barons." Art forms flourished including paintings by Eakins, Homer, and Sargent as well as Tiffany stained glass and the photographs of
This document contains captions for 72 photographic works from the early history of photography between 1840 and the 1860s. The works include portraits, landscapes, architectural views, scientific studies, and documentation of historical events. The formats represented are daguerreotypes, salted paper prints, albumen prints, and other early photographic print types. The photographs are credited to important early photographers such as Southworth and Hawes, Gustave Le Gray, and Robert Adamson.
This document is a slideshow presentation about visual art and the elements of art. It includes 85 slides showing various paintings, sculptures, photographs and other artworks from different time periods and cultures. The slides demonstrate different artistic styles, techniques and uses of the basic visual elements like line, shape, form, space, texture and color. Some of the artists featured include Keith Haring, Judy Pfaff, Constantin Brancusi, Chuck Close, James Turrell, Whistler and Leonardo Da Vinci. The presentation provides examples of how different artists have utilized the fundamental components of the visual arts.
This document is a slideshow presentation about visual art and the elements of art. It includes 85 slides showing various paintings, sculptures, photographs and other artworks from different time periods and cultures. The slides demonstrate different artistic styles, techniques and uses of the fundamental elements of line, shape, form, space, color, texture and time in visual compositions across history. Key artists featured include Seurat, Dürer, Calder, Hesse and Turrell among many others. The slideshow provides examples of how different elements have been employed in artistic works from different eras.
The Romantic Era lasted from 1820-1900. During this time, many important inventions were developed including the first photographs, dictionaries, pianos, and sleeping cars on trains. Famous authors like Charles Dickens and Edgar Allan Poe were publishing influential works. The first skyscrapers and railroads were constructed. Important scientific discoveries were made, including chloroform as anesthesia and X-rays. Composers developed new styles of program music and nationalistic sounds. Iconic works premiered such as The Nutcracker and 1812 Overture.
Tales of the Unexpected in the British Newspaper Archive by Ed King. Presentation given at the Europeana Newspapers Information Day, held at the British Library on 9 June 2014.
Free documents from the UK UFO National Archives. You have to pay for these now, but we have them! You can get all of them at no cost here: http://alien-ufo-research.com/documents/uk
This document is a catalog listing books, papers, and magazines for sale on UFO and paranormal topics. It includes over 50 books summarized by title and author, primarily paperbacks and some hardcovers. The books cover topics like UFO sightings and encounters, abductions, government conspiracies, and paranormal phenomena. The document also lists several UFO-focused magazines available for purchase. It provides contact information for ordering and notes that prices include postage within the UK.
The document provides an overview of an exhibition titled "Alice in Wonderland" held at Tate Liverpool from November 4th, 2011 to January 29th, 2012. It features information on Lewis Carroll, the author of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, illustrations from the book by John Tenniel, photographs taken by Carroll, and how the story of Alice has inspired various artists over different time periods in their work.
The document provides an overview of major art movements from Romanticism through Postmodernism, highlighting some of the key features and influential artists of each period. Romanticism emphasized imagination, nature, and the individual. Realism sought to depict everyday life realistically. Impressionism focused on capturing fleeting moments and effects of light. Modernism emerged in response to World War I and industrialization, with Cubism and abstract works shown in the influential 1913 Armory Show. Postmodernism saw the rise of Pop Art, using consumer culture imagery, and feminist art challenging social norms.
The document provides an overview of major art movements from Romanticism through Postmodernism, highlighting some of the key features and influential artists of each period. Romanticism emphasized imagination, nature, and the individual. Realism sought to depict everyday life realistically. Impressionism focused on capturing fleeting moments and effects of light. Modernism emerged in response to World War I and industrialization, with Cubism and abstract works questioning artistic conventions. Postmodernism saw the rise of Pop Art reflecting mass culture and feminist artists addressing gender issues.
For those of you born on October 23, or in the year 1959...or, indeed, on the very special day October 23, 1959, this PPt's for you...but it's really for me.
The document discusses experiments in art and technology conducted by the organization Experiments in Art and Technology (EAT) in 1966 and 1967. EAT explored artist-engineer collaboration and the potential of combining artistic and technical exploration. A key event was the 9 Evenings: Theatre and Engineering in 1967, which featured collaborations between artists like Robert Rauschenberg and engineers. The document also discusses the work of Nam June Paik, who was among the first artists to use televisions in artworks and viewed technology through a cybernetic and Buddhist lens.
The document discusses several American photographers who documented the American West in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, including Timothy O'Sullivan, William Henry Jackson, Carlton Watkins, and Ansel Adams. It provides examples of their landscape photographs capturing places like the Grand Canyon, Yellowstone, and Yosemite. Later photographers like Robert Adams and Lewis Baltz depicted the changing urbanization of the Western landscape in the postwar era.
The document discusses various scientific and cultural developments that occurred around 1905, including Einstein's publications on relativity which revolutionized physics, the Fauves art movement in France, Freud's work on the unconscious mind, and archaeological discoveries at Knossos in Greece. Developments in other fields like blood typing, glass packaging, and filmmaking are also mentioned. The year 1905 is described as witnessing many breakthroughs that shaped the modern era.
Photography had a significant impact during the American Civil War as it was the first time battlefields and dead soldiers were photographed and images were widely distributed. Prior to the war, most Americans experienced war through paintings. The daguerreotype was the first practical form of photography in the 1830s but images could not be reproduced. The wet plate collodion process developed in the 1850s allowed negatives and reproductions, increasing photography's role in documenting the Civil War. Photographers such as Brady and Gardner photographed battles and brought images of war's reality to the American public.
The document provides a daily history summary for various dates, reporting on notable events such as the eruption of Mount Vesuvius burying Pompeii, the establishment of the US Treasury Department, the first televised baseball game, Martin Luther King Jr.'s "I Have a Dream" speech, the beginning of World War II, and the September 11th terrorist attacks among other historical events.
LIFE Magazine and the Most Influential Photos of All Time (part 1)guimera
The document provides a summary of 20 influential photographs throughout history and their significance. It discusses the first permanent photograph taken by Joseph Nicéphore Niépce in 1826 and how it laid the groundwork for photography. It also discusses photographs that shaped our understanding of war like Roger Fenton's images from the Crimean War in 1855, Alexander Gardner's images of the Civil War dead at Antietam in 1862, and others that advanced technology and our understanding of motion like Eadweard Muybridge's stop-motion images of a galloping horse in 1878. Many of the photographs influenced politics and social reform like Jacob Riis' images of tenement housing in New York City in 1888 and Lewis H
This document provides an overview of American art and visual culture from the early colonial period through the Gilded Age (1877-1900). It discusses the development of art forms like painting, sculpture, photography as America transitioned from colonies to an industrial powerhouse. Key developments included the founding of art academies in the 1800s, the rise of landscape painting, and the World's Columbian Exposition of 1893 which showcased Beaux-Arts architecture and American innovation. The Gilded Age saw the growth of industry, railroads, labor unions, and wealthy "robber barons." Art forms flourished including paintings by Eakins, Homer, and Sargent as well as Tiffany stained glass and the photographs of
This document contains captions for 72 photographic works from the early history of photography between 1840 and the 1860s. The works include portraits, landscapes, architectural views, scientific studies, and documentation of historical events. The formats represented are daguerreotypes, salted paper prints, albumen prints, and other early photographic print types. The photographs are credited to important early photographers such as Southworth and Hawes, Gustave Le Gray, and Robert Adamson.
This document is a slideshow presentation about visual art and the elements of art. It includes 85 slides showing various paintings, sculptures, photographs and other artworks from different time periods and cultures. The slides demonstrate different artistic styles, techniques and uses of the basic visual elements like line, shape, form, space, texture and color. Some of the artists featured include Keith Haring, Judy Pfaff, Constantin Brancusi, Chuck Close, James Turrell, Whistler and Leonardo Da Vinci. The presentation provides examples of how different artists have utilized the fundamental components of the visual arts.
This document is a slideshow presentation about visual art and the elements of art. It includes 85 slides showing various paintings, sculptures, photographs and other artworks from different time periods and cultures. The slides demonstrate different artistic styles, techniques and uses of the fundamental elements of line, shape, form, space, color, texture and time in visual compositions across history. Key artists featured include Seurat, Dürer, Calder, Hesse and Turrell among many others. The slideshow provides examples of how different elements have been employed in artistic works from different eras.
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
إضغ بين إيديكم من أقوى الملازم التي صممتها
ملزمة تشريح الجهاز الهيكلي (نظري 3)
💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀
تتميز هذهِ الملزمة بعِدة مُميزات :
1- مُترجمة ترجمة تُناسب جميع المستويات
2- تحتوي على 78 رسم توضيحي لكل كلمة موجودة بالملزمة (لكل كلمة !!!!)
#فهم_ماكو_درخ
3- دقة الكتابة والصور عالية جداً جداً جداً
4- هُنالك بعض المعلومات تم توضيحها بشكل تفصيلي جداً (تُعتبر لدى الطالب أو الطالبة بإنها معلومات مُبهمة ومع ذلك تم توضيح هذهِ المعلومات المُبهمة بشكل تفصيلي جداً
5- الملزمة تشرح نفسها ب نفسها بس تكلك تعال اقراني
6- تحتوي الملزمة في اول سلايد على خارطة تتضمن جميع تفرُعات معلومات الجهاز الهيكلي المذكورة في هذهِ الملزمة
واخيراً هذهِ الملزمة حلالٌ عليكم وإتمنى منكم إن تدعولي بالخير والصحة والعافية فقط
كل التوفيق زملائي وزميلاتي ، زميلكم محمد الذهبي 💊💊
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptHenry Hollis
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
CapTechTalks Webinar Slides June 2024 Donovan Wright.pptxCapitolTechU
Slides from a Capitol Technology University webinar held June 20, 2024. The webinar featured Dr. Donovan Wright, presenting on the Department of Defense Digital Transformation.
How to Setup Default Value for a Field in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, we can set a default value for a field during the creation of a record for a model. We have many methods in odoo for setting a default value to the field.
How to Download & Install Module From the Odoo App Store in Odoo 17Celine George
Custom modules offer the flexibility to extend Odoo's capabilities, address unique requirements, and optimize workflows to align seamlessly with your organization's processes. By leveraging custom modules, businesses can unlock greater efficiency, productivity, and innovation, empowering them to stay competitive in today's dynamic market landscape. In this tutorial, we'll guide you step by step on how to easily download and install modules from the Odoo App Store.
Andreas Schleicher presents PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Thinking - 18 Jun...EduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher, Director of Education and Skills at the OECD presents at the launch of PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Minds, Creative Schools on 18 June 2024.
1. John Syme, John James Audubon , 1826 Oil on canvas, 35 x 27 in., White House Collection, Washington, D.C. Seeing and Shooting: Audubon, Guns, and the “desired Effect”
2. John Syme, John James Audubon , 1826, detail Oil on canvas, 35 x 27 in., White House Collection, Washington, D.C.
3. Audubon, Mississippi River Journal Fri., Nov. 10, 1820 : “ saw a fine Black Hawk Falco niger—& Black Gull,— Shott Two Ducks” Wed., Dec. 6, 1820 : “ saw 2 Large White Cranes with Black Tips—too shy to get in shooting distance” Wed., Dec. 20, 1820 : “Cummings Shot at an Ivory Billed Wood Pecker Picus Principallis broke his Wing and When he Went to take it up it Jump up and Claimed a tree, as fast as Squirel to the Very Top, he gave it up having but a few Loads of Shot —Joseph Came and Saw it— Shot at it and brought him down” Thurs., Dec. 21, 1820 : “ Saw in the Afternoon a Black Hawk , a flock of Pelicans at which I shot at about 200 yards as near as I could approach, without effect ” Fri., Dec. 22, 1820 : “ saw Three Black Hawks , Shot at this Twice…” Sun., Aug. 12, 1821 : “I Eyed it particularly and saw it Moved, I Shot at it … Arrived at the Swamp and then saw a great Number of Small Birds; Shot a beautifull new species of Fly Catcher … I had the pleasure of seing Two that appeared Much alike, they were quarelling when I Shot at them”
4. Audubon, Missouri River Journals Thurs., May 4, 1843 : “Bell shot a Gray Squirrel which I believe to be the same as our Sciurus Carolinensis . Friend Harris shot two or three birds, which we have not yet fully established, and Bell shot one Lincoln’s Finch … We saw Cerulean Warblers, Hooded Flycatchers, Kentucky Warblers, [proceeds to list many more species] … Here we killed and saw all that is enumerated above.” Sat. May 6, 1843 : “We took our guns and went off, but the wind was so high we saw but little; I shot a Wild Pigeon and a Whippoorwill, female, that gave me great trouble, as I never saw one so remarkably wild before. Bell shot two Gray Squirrels and several Vireos, and Sprague, a Kentucky Warbler. Traces of Turkeys and of Deer were seen . We also saw three White Pelicans. … We also procured a White-eyed and a Warbling Vireo, and shot a male Wild Pigeon. Saw a Gopher throwing out the dirt with his fore feet and not from his pouches. I was within four or five feet of it. Shot a Humming-bird, saw a Mourning Warbler, and Cedar birds.” Tues., May 23, 1843 : “Harris shot a common Rabbit and one Lark Finch. Bell and Sprague saw several Meadow-larks, which I trust will prove new, as these birds have quite different notes and songs from those of our eastern birds.”
5. John James Audubon, Roseate Tern , 1834 Hand-colored engraving with etching and aquatint, 19 ½ x 12 ¼ in., from The Birds of America , pl. 240 Audubon, “Roseate Tern,” Ornithological Biography , 3:297-98: “ While in search of prey, they carry the bill in the manner of the Common Tern, that is perpendicularly downward, plunge like a shot , with wings nearly closed, so as to immerse part of the body, and immediately reascend.”
6. Audubon, “Common Loon,” Ornithological Biography , 4:43: “ Calculate, if you can, the speed of its flight, as it shoots across the sky …” Robert Havell after John James Audubon, Common Loon , 1830 Hand-colored engraving on paper, 41 ½ x 28 ½ in., from The Birds of America
7. Audubon, “Golden Eagle,” Ornithological Biography : “ Although possessed of a powerful flight, it has not the speed of many Hawks, nor even of the White-headed Eagle. It cannot, like the latter, pursue and seize on the wing the prey it longs for, but is obliged to glide down through the air for a certain height to insure the success of its enterprise. The keenness of its eye, however, makes up for this defect, and enables it to spy, at a great distance, the objects on which it preys; and it seldom misses its aim , as it falls with the swiftness of a meteor towards the spot on which they are concealed.” John James Audubon, Golden Eagle , 1833 Watercolor, pastel, graphite, and selective glazing on paper, 38 x 25 ½ in., The New-York Historical Society
8. John James Audubon, Golden Eagle , 1833 Watercolor, pastel, graphite, and selective glazing on paper, 38 x 25 ½ in., The New-York Historical Society Unidentified artist, Leonid Meteor Shower over Niagara Falls, November 13, 1833 , published in E. Weiß, Bilderatlas der Sternenwelt, 1888
9. John James Audubon, Golden Eagle , 1833 Watercolor, pastel, graphite, and selective glazing on paper, 38 x 25 ½ in., The New-York Historical Society Unidentified artist, “A View of the Bombardment of Fort McHenry,” engraving, 1814
10. Audubon, Missouri River Journals , April 25, 1843: “ … antelopes are beautiful small animals and run like the wind, but not so fast as a rifle-ball .” J. T. Bowen after John Woodhouse Audubon, Prong-horned Antelope , 1845 Hand-colored lithograph, 22 x 28in., from The Vivaparous Quadrupeds of North America , pl. 77
11. John James Audubon, Mocking Bird , 1825 Hand-colored engraving with etching and aquatint, 33 ¼ x 23 ¾ in, from The Birds of America , pl. 21 Audubon, 1826 Journal , Edinburgh, October 27, 1826, Friday: “ Now that I found the Steam was High, that perhaps some explosion might be produced, I exibited the Rattlesnake attackd by the Mocking Birds—this had the desired Effect—the Lady was pleased & I was satisfied that She drew well = Mr P. said that Mr Selby never would publish another Bird was he to see mine = We parted all friends; I having begged of each of them to bring or send any of their Friends to View my Work any morning from 10 untill 12 = * * *”
12. John James Audubon, Mocking Bird (Northern Mockingbird) , 1825, detail Hand-colored engraving with etching and aquatint, 33 ¼ x 23 ¾ in, from The Birds of America , pl. 21
13. Robert Havell after John James Audubon, Carolina Parakeet , 1832, and detail Hand-colored engraving, 33 ¼ x 23 ½ in., from The Birds of America , pl. 26
14. Havell after Audubon, Carolina Parakeet , 1832, detail Hand-colored engraving, 33 ¼ x 23 ½ in., from The Birds of America , pl. 26 William Dunlap, History of the Rise and Progress of the Arts of Design in the United States (1834)
15. Wilhelm Wundt, spherical representation of the visual field Published in Grundzüge der physiologischen psychologie (Leipzig, 1880), 2:87
16. Charles Schreyvogel, Breaking Through the Line , 1903 Oil on canvas, 39 x 52 in., Gilcrease Museum, Tulsa
17. Charles Schreyvogel, Breaking Through the Line , 1903 Oil on canvas, 39 x 52 in., Gilcrease Museum, Tulsa
18. Edwin S. Porter, The Great Train Robbery , 1903 Edison Pictures, New York
21. “ Hunting with a Camera—A Snap-shot at a Moose,” Engraved illustration, Harper’s Weekly , October 2, 1897
22.
23. Oxford English Dictionary , 2 nd ed. (1989) shot, n . 7e. transf. ( b ) A snapshot (cf. SHOOT v. 22f); a picture (or sequence of pictures) continuously shot by a single film or television camera; the action or process of taking such a picture. 1889 Brit. Jrnl. Photogr. XXXVI. 605/2, I developed some instantaneous shots. 1895 Outing XXVI. 33/2, I must have a camera shot at this. 1923 ‘B. M. BOWER’ Parowan Bonanza xxvi. 303 Bill and Tommy were both below examining the effect of their ‘shots’ of the evening before.
24. Oxford English Dictionary , 2 nd ed. (1989) load, v . 5. a. To put the charge into (a firearm); also absol. to be loaded : (of a body of men) to have their arms charged. 1626 CAPT. SMITH Accid. Yng. Seamen 32 To loade a peece. 1688 SHADWELL Sqr. Alsatia v. Wks. 1720 IV. 105 [She snaps a pistol at Belfond] Belfond . Thank you, Madam; are you not a Devil? 'twas loaden. 1799 Instr. & Reg. Cavalry (1813) 271 The same principle of reserving the fire with the front line, till the rear support is loaded. 1804 W. TAYLOR in Ann. Rev. II. 262 Several pieces of heavy ordnance, loaden with grape-shot. 1841 THACKERAY Drum II. xlv, They load and fire. b. To insert a photographic film or plate in (a camera); also with the film as object. 1902 Year Bk. Photogr. 13 (Advt.), The ‘Roll Film’ Automan will be preferred by many on account of the ease with which it may be loaded and unloaded in daylight.
25. Oxford English Dictionary , 2 nd ed. (1989) sniper, n . 1. One who snipes, or shoots from concealment, etc.; a sharp-shooter. 1824 E. India Mil. Cal. II. 541 Several sepoys were killed and wounded by the enemy's snipers. 1897 Daily News 30 July 5/2 It is impossible to see the snipers, who generally stalk the sentries from behind stones. 1900 Daily Telegr. 27 Feb. 9/3 The artillery keep the Boer snipers down. 2. A snipe-shooter. 1840 E. NAPIER Scenes & Sp. Foreign Lands II. v. 140 With his brandy flask by his side, and his well filled bag, the sniper still wanders through his old haunts.
26. John James Audubon, Daniel Boone , after c. 1810 Oil on canvas, 36 x 31 cm., Audubon Center, Henderson, KY
27. John James Audubon, “Colonel Boon,” in Ornithological Biography , 1832, vol. 1, pp. 503-6
28. Thomas Cole , Daniel Boone at His Cabin at Great Osage Lake, 1826 Oil on canvas, 38 ¼ x 42 5/8 in., Mead Art Museum, Amherst College
29. Cole , Daniel Boone at His Cabin …, 1826, detail Oil on canvas, 38 ¼ x 42 5/8 in., Mead Art Museum, Amherst College Victor G. and John W. Audubon, John James Audubon , 1841 Oil on canvas, 44 x 60 in., American Museum of Natural History, New York
30. John James Audubon, Snowy Egret , 1835 Watercolor, graphite, and gouache on paper, 29 ¼ x 21 5/16 in., New-York Historical Society
31. Winslow Homer, Right and Left , 1909 Oil on canvas, 28 x 48 in., National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.
32. Winslow Homer, Right and Left , 1909 Oil on canvas, 28 x 48 in., National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.
33. Winslow Homer, Right and Left , 1909 Oil on canvas, 28 x 48 in., National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. John James Audubon, Snowy Egret , 1835 Watercolor, graphite, and gouache on paper, 29 ¼ x 21 5/16 in., New-York Historical Society
34. John James Audubon, Golden Eye Duck , c.1832-34 Watercolor, graphite, and pastel on paper, 21 3/16 x 29 5/8 in., New-York Historical Society Winslow Homer, Right and Left , 1909 Oil on canvas, 28 x 48 in., National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.
35. Winslow Homer, A Good Shot, Adirondacks , 1892 Watercolor on paper, 15 x 21 7/16 in., National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.
36. Winslow Homer, Defiance: Inviting a Shot Before Petersburg , 1864 Oil on panel, 12 x 18 in., Detroit Institute of Arts
37. Winslow Homer, Defiance: Inviting a Shot Before Petersburg , 1864, detail
38. Winslow Homer, The Sharpshooter on Picket Duty , 1862 Oil on canvas, 12 x 16 in., Portland Museum of Art
39. Winslow Homer, The Army of the Potomac—A Sharp-Shooter on Picket Duty , 1862 Harper’s Weekly , 15 November 1862
40. Homer, Defiance: Inviting a Shot Before Petersburg , 1864, detail Homer, The Sharpshooter on Picket Duty , 1862
41. Winslow Homer, drawing in letter to George Briggs, 1896 Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
42. J. J. Audubon, Snowy Egret , 1835 Watercolor, graphite, and gouache on paper, 29 ¼ x 21 5/16 in., New-York Historical Society Winslow Homer, Defiance: Inviting a Shot Before Petersburg , 1864 Oil on panel, 12 x 18 in., Detroit Institute of Arts
43. George Caleb Bingham, Fur Traders Descending the Missouri River , 1845 Oil on canvas, 29 x 36 ½ in., Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
44. George Caleb Bingham, Shooting for the Beef , 1850 Oil on canvas, 33 3/8 x 49 in., Brooklyn Museum, New York
45. Alexander Cope, The Trumpeter Swan , 1900 Oil on canvas, 57 x 44 ½ n., Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco
46. Charles Deas, The Death Struggle , 1845 Oil on canvas, 30 x 25 in., Shelburne Museum, Shelburne, Vermont
47. Edwin Landseer, Man Proposes—God Disposes , 1864 Oil on canvas, 44 x 104 in., Royal Holloway Collection, London
48. François Rude, La Marseillaise , 1833-36 Stone, 42 ft. high, Arc de Triomphe, Paris