Earth's seasons are caused by its revolution around the sun and the tilt of its 23.5 degree axis. During summer, the northern hemisphere tilts toward the sun, receiving direct sunlight and warmer temperatures. In winter, the northern hemisphere tilts away from the sun and receives indirect sunlight, resulting in cooler temperatures. Spring and fall occur when both hemispheres receive equal amounts of indirect sunlight. The equator experiences no seasons as it always receives direct sunlight.

1. EARTH’S MOVEMENT Seasons

4. Direct & Indirect Sunlight Equator – NO SEASONS (always warm) – because this area always receives direct sunlight