1. Linear search sequentially checks each element of an array to find a target item. It adds the item to the end of the array and uses a counter to check each element until it finds a match. 2. Binary search works on a sorted array. It checks the middle element first, then searches either the left or right half depending on if the target is smaller or larger than the middle element. 3. The example demonstrates linear search finding the letter 'G' in an array and binary search locating the number 44 through a series of steps that narrow the search space.