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IHSP Credits
Medieval Sourcebook:
Andreas Capellanus: The Art
of Courtly Love, (btw.
1174-1186)
DE ARTE HONESTE AMANDI
[The Art of Courtly Love], Book Two: On the Rules of Love
1. Marriage is no real excuse for not loving.
2. He who is not jealous cannot love.
3. No one can be bound by a double love.
4. It is well known that love is always increasing or decreasing.
5. That which a lover takes against his will of his beloved has
no relish.
6. Boys do not love until they arrive at the age of maturity.
7. When one lover dies, a widowhood of two years is required
of the survivor.
8. No one should be deprived of love without the very best of
reasons.
9. No one can love unless he is impelled by the persuasion of
love.
10. Love is always a stranger in the home of avarice.
11. It is not proper to love any woman whom one should be
ashamed to seek to marry.
12. A true lover does not desire to embrace in love anyone
except his beloved.
13. When made public love rarely endures.

14. The easy attainment of love makes it of little value;
difficulty of attainment makes it prized.
15. Every lover regularly turns pale in the presence of his
beloved.
16. When a lover suddenly catches sight of his beloved his heart
palpitates.
17. A new love puts to flight an old one.
18. Good character alone makes any man worthy of love.
19. If love diminishes, it quickly fails and rarely revives.
20. A man in love is always apprehensive.
21. Real jealousy always increases the feeling of love.
22. Jealousy, and therefore love, are increased when one
suspects his beloved.
23. He whom the thought of love vexes, eats and sleeps very
little.
24. Every act of a lover ends with in the thought of his beloved.
25. A true lover considers nothing good except what he thinks
will please his beloved.
26. Love can deny nothing to love.
27. A lover can never have enough of the solaces of his
beloved.
28. A slight presumption causes a lover to suspect his beloved.
29. A man who is vexed by too much passion usually does not
love.
30. A true lover is constantly and without intermission
possessed by the thought of his beloved.
31. Nothing forbids one woman being loved by two men or one
man by two women.
This text is part of the Internet Medieval Source Book. The
Sourcebook is a collection of public domain
and copy-permitted texts related to medieval and Byzantine
history.
Unless otherwise indicated the specific electronic form of the

document is copyright. Permission is
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educational purposes and personal use. If
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permission is granted for commercial use.
© Paul Halsall October 1997
[email protected]
The Internet History Sourcebooks Project is located at the
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© Site Concept and Design: Paul Halsall created 26 Jan 1996:
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NURS-6003N-18-Transition to Graduate Study
Godlives Ihazah

Top of Form
Strategies for Academic Portfolios
An academic portfolio is an overview of your most significant
actions and successes, and documents the type and scope of
your contributions, as well as your role and accomplishments, in
the context of the academic endeavor. A discussion on
evidence-based practice as well as a discussion on growth and
development are two of the tactics that I will use to include
academic activities and successes into my professional
development goals.
One of the most significant strategies is for me to include
evidence-based practice in my goals for my professional
development. This demonstrates the level of expertise possessed
by a nurse. In the field of nursing, and as a nurse practitioner, it
is vital that you recognize that some evidence-based practices
and therapies can be utilized in a variety of clinical settings. On
the other hand, there are situations in which the data supporting
an evidence-based practice might not be appropriate for your
organization. Consequently, nurse practitioners are obligated to
modify evidence-based procedures so that they are compatible
with their institution.
One's nursing practice presents a wealth of possibilities for
professional development as a nurse. A person's knowledge,
ambitions, and overall progress can all be considered part of
their growth and development. I am able to include my
development by addressing the process of furthering my
education, working in the telemetry unit, and enhancing both
my knowledge and skills while enrolled in the Master of
Science in Nursing (MSN) program. It is vital for a practicing
nurse to expand his or her capabilities to include skills such as
patient assessment, nursing research, and nurse leadership in
order to continue growing as a nurse. Expanding one's
competencies is required in order to continue growing as a
nurse (Karami et al., 2017). It is crucial for one's knowledge
and to encourage high-quality treatment for patients to take
advantage of possibilities for professional growth and

development as a nurse.
Growth and development and evidence-based practice will help
me increase my knowledge and care for my patients. Walden
University can be said to be socially focused and puts an
emphasis on social change. Our fundamental philosophy will
drive us as we embrace new methods to learn and make a better
society (Walden university, 2022). Growing, developing, and
applying evidence-based care meshes with the University's
concentration on social change. Using these tactics while
attending Walden helps me shape a better world.
References
Karami, A., Farokhzadian, J., & Foroughameri, G. (2017).
Nurses’ professional competency and organizational
commitment: Is it important for human resource management?
PloS one, 12(11), e0187863.
Walden university. (2020). Social change. Retrieved September
15, 2022, from
https://www.waldenu.edu/why-walden/social-change
Bottom of Form
Sandra Osei
Top of Form
Academic Activities and Professional Development
One way to integrate academic activities and accomplishments
into professional development goals is to create a portfolio or
resume that documents my skills and achievements (Burns,
2018). For example, while in college, I took extra classes to
improve my writing and typing skills. English is a second
language, so the writing classes helped to increase my grammar
and writing styles. I also learned how to utilize Microsoft
applications such as Microsoft Word, Excel, and PowerPoint.
Before applying to any job position, I usually brainstorm a list
of skills needed for that position. Next, I look over my
academic activities and accomplishments to better understand

my abilities and how to apply them to the desired profession.
Another way to incorporate academic activities and
accomplishments into professional development goals is to set
goals specific to the desired profession (Burns, 2018). Since I
knew my future career would be in the healthcare industry, I set
a goal to shadow a nurse. I learned to utilize an evidence-based
and holistic approach to providing patient-centered care. I also
got employed as a nurse assistant to gain more healthcare
experience. I got the chance to assist the nurse with daily care,
including offering basic physical assistance, feeding patients
according to their dietary needs, and recording vital signs. By
setting goals specific to my desired profession, I better-
understood nursing responsibilities.
Walden University's mission emphasis on social change can be
integrated into professional development goals in different
ways. One way is to set goals specific to the desired profession
that focus on helping others. I am compassionate about nursing
and helping the people in my community. While in school, I
participate in volunteering activities. I set the goal to help with
the Mid-Ohio food banks and the free clinic twice a week. By
volunteering, I made professional and personal connections with
the people in my community, and this goal aligns with Walden's
emphasis on social change (Walden, n.d.-a).
My professional development goals can align with Walden's
mission by focusing on personal and professional growth. For
example, I plan to complete 10-12 professional nursing courses
each year. This is a part of my long-term goal of attaining my
certification as a Psychiatric Mental-Health Nurse Practitioner
(PMNP). With this certification, I will gain the knowledge and
skills required to provide mental health treatment to my
community. Attending professional conferences and networking
events is also part of my long-term goals. By focusing on social
change, and academic and professional growth, I can set goals
that will positively impact the community and advance my
career (Walden, n.d.-b).
References:

Burns, M.K. (2018). Creating a nursing portfolio. Ohio Nurses
Review, 93(3), 16-17.
Walden University. (n.d.-a).
Social Change. https://www.waldenu.edu/about-
us/mission-and-values/social-change
Walden University. (n.d.-b).
Mission and Values. https://www.waldenu.edu/about-
us/mission-and-values
Week 12 Discussion Question 1
The selections we have read focus a lot on the idea of the epic
hero, good and bad rulers, the conduct of individuals, the idea
of predestination, and destiny. Do you feel the literature being
published today still focused on those aspects (or a version of
them) or is the literature published today gone off in a different
direction? What direction is literature going?
Module 4: Reading Quiz 2
Read the
"Rules of Courtly Love"Links to an external
site. by Andreas Capellanus. This text dates to 1184.
Write your own list of modern rules of love. Include at least 10.
Reflect How are your rules similar to those in The Art of
Courtly Love? How are they different? Write at least four
sentences.
Medieval Sourcebook Andreas Capellanus The Art of Courtly
Love Rules-1.pdfDownload Medieval Sourcebook Andreas
Capellanus The Art of Courtly Love Rules-1.pdf

Tool analysis
Name
University
BMGT 495
Professor
September 7, 2022
Introduction
Business-level strategies show how companies will compete in
their strategies. Some of the business-level strategies include
focused cost leadership, focused differentiation, differentiation,
and cost leadership. Some companies provide unique products
while others keep their prices low. This project explains how
organizations develop their strategies to safeguard their
competitive positions. It also evaluates the competitive position
of Apple Inc. and integrates information from Porter's Five
Forces, Competitive Profile Matrices, External Factor
Evaluation matrix, and a partial SWOT.
Industry Analysis
Porter's Five Forces Analysis
The threat of New Entrants
New competitors can join a specific industry if the threat of new
entrants is low. Industries with strong barriers have a low threat
of new entrants while those with weak barriers have a high
threat of new entrants. The money costs other companies to
enter a specific market and the time to enter determines whether

there are high or low threats of new entrants (Dess et al., 1984).
The threat of new entrants is relatively low in the online
services, software services, and consumer electronics industries.
The effect of the Threat of New Entrants is weak on the
consumer electronics industry because new entrants might not
expand the scale of their businesses easily. There are high
capital requirements in the consumer electronics industry.
The threat of New Entrants is moderate to Apple Inc. because of
high capital requirements and the costs associated with brand
development. High capitalization is required to start a company
to compete with Apple Inc (Ketchen et al., 2013). It is
expensive to build a strong brand that competes with Apple.
Some firms; however, have the financial capacity to enter the
consumer electronics industry. These include Google.
Threat of Substitution
Customers can switch to alternatives if there are close
substitutes in the market. The threat of substitution reduces the
attractiveness of an industry. It also reduces the power of
suppliers. Substitute goods used in place of the products of a
company pose a significant threat to the company's products
(Dess et al., 1984). Companies can increase prices if there are
no close substitutes. If there are close substitutes, the
companies do not have much power to increase their prices.
The threat of substitution is weak in the consumer electronics
industry. Consumers have to rely on products such as tablets,
laptops, computers, and televisions. There are no close
substitutes for consumer electronics. Households have to rely on
consumer electronic products. The threat of substitution in the
consumer electronics industry is; therefore, very low (Ketchen
et al., 2013). About the focal company Apple Inc., the threat of
substitution is also weak. The threat of substitution is low
because of the limited features of products competing with
Apple's products. Substitutes of Apple products tend to have
low performance. Consumers prefer Apple products because of
their advanced functions and convenience.
Bargaining power of suppliers

This refers to the ease of suppliers driving up the input costs or
prices. Supplier power is driven by the strength and size of
suppliers, the uniqueness of the products supplied, and the
number of suppliers. If there are few suppliers in an industry,
they will have more power (Dess et al., 1984). Those who
provide unique products and services will also have more
power.
The bargaining power of suppliers in the consumer electronics
industry is weak. Suppliers have low bargaining power because
they are many. There are many suppliers of consumer
electronics materials across the globe. Companies in the
consumer electronics industry are few while the suppliers are
small and many companies (Ketchen et al., 2013). About Apple
Inc., the bargaining power of suppliers is low. The bargaining
power of suppliers is a weak force because the company has
access to many suppliers. A large number of suppliers reduces
the bargaining power of suppliers.
Buyer Power
This assesses the ease of buyers to lower prices. Buyer power is
driven by the cost incurred by buyers to switch from one
organization or supplier to another, the significance of each
customer, and the number of buyers (Dess et al., 1984). The
bargaining power of customers in the consumer electronics
industry is a weak force. Bargaining power is low because of
the relatively few differences in the prices of various goods in
the industry. About the focal company Apple Inc., the
bargaining power of customers is strong. Customers have high
bargaining power because of low switching costs. They can shift
from one company to another because of the high availability of
information.
Competitive rivalry
This refers to the capability and number of competitors in a
specific industry. Market attractiveness is significantly reduced
by a large number of competitors. Companies will have a lower
power if many competitors are offering similar products and
services (Dess et al., 1984). Competitive rivalry is a strong

force in the consumer electronics industry. High competition in
the consumer electronics industry is because there are no
switching costs.
Apple Inc. faces strong competitive rivalry. There are
companies such as LG, Samsung, and Microsoft that compete
with Apple. Strong competitive rivalry is caused by the
aggressiveness of companies in the consumer electronics
industry, low product differentiation, and low switching costs.
Companies are aggressive in terms of advertising and rapid
innovation (Dess et al., 1984). Products offered by companies in
the consumer electronics industry are almost similar. Customers
can switch from Apple to Samsung or Microsoft without
incurring costs. They can switch because of accessibility,
function, and prices. This increases the level of competition
within the industry.
Competitive analysis
Apple Inc. faces high competition from rivals such as Samsung,
Microsoft, and HP. The companies produce quality products for
consumers of different preferences, tastes, and incomes.
Samsung manufactures various electronic products such as
tablets, TVs, smartphones, and home appliances. The company
also manufactures cameras, speakers, printers, monitors, hard
drives, and semiconductors. Samsung has stores in Korea,
Canada, the United States, and India (Li, 2021). The company's
products are; however, sold worldwide. Samsung is a close rival
of Apple Inc. in the manufacture of smartphones. Samsung
phones compete with iPhones. Samsung focuses on
customization and versatility while Apple Inc. focuses on
simplicity. The company has a larger market share than Apple
on smartphones. Samsung produces more affordable phones than
Apple. Samsung targets customers aged between 15 and 45
years and willing to follow technology trends.
Samsung has assembly plants in more than 74 countries.
The company is a global enterprise because it operates in more
than 200 locations (Li, 2021). Microsoft, Samsung, Apple, and
HP are all global companies. Their products are sold worldwide.

Due to global outsourcing, effective distribution networks, and
a global presence, Samsung is a major competitor of Apple Inc.
Microsoft is also a close competitor because it offers mobiles,
gaming Xbox, office, and windows. The company competes with
Apple in segments such as smartphones, computers, and
operating systems. Microsoft's strengths are brand reputation,
loyalty, and distribution channels (Li, 2021). The weaknesses of
the company include poor investments and security flaws.
Microsoft leads in cloud computing and software. Office and
Windows are the most dominant office productivity software
and desktop operating system respectively.
Apple Inc. focuses on both hardware and software. There are
various product categories of Apple's business model. These
include home and accessories, wearables, services, iPad, Mac,
and iPhones. Home and accessories and wearables include
Apple Watch, Apple TV, iPod touch, and Air Pods. Services
include digital content or App Store, cloud, and AppleCare (Yie
et al., 2021). Apple's largest revenue contributor is; however,
the iPhone. Apple targets middle and upper-income consumers
with the ability to pay higher prices because of a better user
experience.
HP company deals with scanners, 3D printers, monitors,
laptops, and computers. HP is a top company because it has a
significant market share in laptops and computers. HP provides
high-quality products at low prices. On the other hand, Apple
provides products that have exceptional quality but with
premium pricing. HP is a strong competitor of Apple's
MacBook. The company competes in terms of prices while
Apple Inc. competes in terms of innovative products (Yie et al.,
2021). Apple's products are priced higher than HP's products.
HP targets those who are in the business industry. HP is;
however, smaller than Apple Inc., Samsung, and Microsoft in
terms of market share.
The competitive analysis shows that there is strong competition
against Apple Inc. The competitors are at parity based on their
global presence, distribution networks, and technology. There

are differences in economies of scale as companies such as
Apple Inc. and Samsung produce a higher quantity of goods
(Yie et al., 2021). Apple Inc. faces competition in terms of the
quality of products and innovative technologies from all the
companies.
Critical Success Factors
1. Technology
Companies in the consumer electronics industry have to invest
heavily in technology. They should come up with innovative
technologies to stay competitive. Consumers are likely to
purchase innovative products that solve their problems.
Companies such as Samsung have invented voice recognition
technology to convert voice messages to text (Ketchen et al.,
2013). By inventing new technologies, companies in the
consumer electronics industry can increase their market share
significantly because they get new customers.
2. Global presence
It is important to sell products all over the world. Companies
with a global presence are likely to succeed because they do not
rely on a specific country for operations. They exploit the
economies of global scale and scope (Yie et al., 2021).
Companies with a global presence access new markets and
maximize knowledge transfer.
3. Personnel
Employees are a critical resource for companies in the consumer
electronics industry. Companies can provide their employees
with opportunities for creativity and development (Ketchen et
al., 2013). They can provide a good workplace for the
employees to enhance their creativity. The level of production
increases significantly if employees are motivated to work.
4. Operations
Companies offering electronic products and services succeed if
they can manage and control goods and services effectively.
They can remain profitable if they manage their activities
seamlessly. Companies can produce quality electronic products
if they manage operations effectively (Ketchen et al., 2013).

They can meet customer expectations of quality. Companies can
increase their revenue and achieve customer satisfaction.
5. Online presence
An online presence allows companies to build their brands and
attract new customers. Companies can build trust with
customers and increase awareness by having an online presence.
They can showcase their products and services by having an
online presence (Yie et al., 2021). Companies in the consumer
electronics industry use their online presence to post photos of
their newest products.
6. Product Quality
Product quality affects the success of companies. Product
quality is required in the electronics industry to avoid product
defects, variations, and product failure. Customers demand
high-quality electronics products. Product quality builds trust
with the customers, fuels recommendations, and results in few
customer complaints (Ketchen et al., 2013). Customers are
unlikely to return products when companies deliver high-quality
electronics products. Companies can raise prices if they gain the
loyalty and confidence of their customers.
7. strategic focus
Companies should have a strategic focus to achieve their
greatest competitive advantage. Strategic focus explains what a
company does best, its values, mission, vision, goals, and value
proposition. Apple Inc. focuses on product differentiation. The
company differentiates its products based on advanced
functionality and attractive design (Yie et al., 2021). Samsung
focuses on creating superior products while Microsoft focuses
on product differentiation.
8. customer loyalty
Customers in the electronics industry enjoy quality products.
They engage with products with a friendly touch, 3D
technology, and flexibility in design. Companies can enjoy
customer loyalty if they consider user experience while
designing their products (Yie et al., 2021). Some companies
such as Apple Inc. have many loyal customers because of the

quality of their products and unique features.
Competitor Profile Matrix
Apple Inc.
Samsung
HP
Microsoft
Critical success factor
weight
Rating
score
Rating
score
Rating
score
Rating
score
Online presence
0.2
4
0.8
4
0.8
3
0.6
3
0.6
Technology
0.15
3
0.45
3
0.45

2
0.3
3
0.45
Customer loyalty
0.11
3
0.33
3
0.33
2
0.22
2
0.22
Global presence
0.1
3
0.3
4
0.4
2
0.2
3
0.3
operations
0.14
2
0.28
2
0.28
1
0.28
3
0.42
Product quality
0.14

4
0.46
3
0.42
2
0.28
4
0.56
Strategic focus
0.05
1
0.05
2
0.1
2
0.1
1
0.05
Personnel
0.11
2
0.22
2
0.22
1
0.11
1
0.11
Total
1
-
2.89
3
1.81

2.71
The Competitor Profile Matrix was developed by assigning
weights to the critical success factors. Weights ranging from 0
to 1 were assigned to the critical success factors. The rating in
the Competitor Profile Matrix was assigned according to the
performance of companies in each critical success factor. The
score was the result of the rating and the assigned weight.
The CPM shows that Samsung has the highest weighted score
while HP has the lowest weighted score. The order of the
companies from the highest to the lowest weighted score is
Samsung, Apple Inc., Microsoft, and HP. The Competitor
Profile Matrix shows that Samsung performs better than Apple
Inc and Microsoft.
Partial SWOT Analysis
There are various threats affecting companies in the consumer
electronics industry. The threats include aggressive
competition, increased labor costs, tariffs, the slowdown in the
consumer electronics market, and falling prices. Companies in
the consumer electronics industry face stiff competition. They
compete in terms of product quality and prices. Companies are
always researching to identify new areas of improvement
(Ketchen et al., 2013). Tariffs affect companies in the consumer
electronics industry because they operate on a global scale.
Some companies such as Apple Inc. and Samsung are likely to
face tariffs as they export products to other countries. There
have been increased labor costs because companies have to pay
more salaries and wages. the consumer electronics industry also
slows down due to the lack of product innovation. The prices of
various electronic products reduce because of increased
competition.
The opportunities for the consumer electronics industry include
customer growth, the development of new products and
services, the internet, strategic partnerships, and mobile
advertising. There will be significant growth in mobile
advertising markets. The number of customers is likely to

increase as those in developing countries can purchase
electronics products (Yie et al., 2021). The internet provides an
opportunity for companies in the consumer electronics industry
to conduct research and sell various products and services.
Companies can form strategic partnerships with others to
increase their growth. They can focus on new products and
services such as cloud services.
OT Table
Threats
Opportunities
Aggressive competition
Customer growth
Increased labor costs
Development of new products and services
Slowdown in the consumer electronics market
Strategic partnerships
Tariffs
Mobile advertising
Falling prices
Internet
External Factor Evaluation (EFE) Analysis
Apple Inc.
External factors
weight
Rating
score
Opportunities
Customer growth
0.11
3
0.33

Development of new products and services
0.30
2
0.6
Strategic partnerships
0.06
2
0.12
Mobile advertising
0.21
4
0.84
Internet
0.06
1
0.06
Threats
Aggressive competition
0.03
4
0.12
Increased labor costs
0.08
2
0.16
Slowdown in the consumer electronics market
0.03
1
0.03
Tariffs
0.1
1
0.1

Falling prices
0.02
1
0.02
Total
1
-
2.38
The EFE matrix was developed from the opportunities and
threats. Various weights and ratings were assigned to the
opportunities and threats. The score was calculated by finding
the product of the ratings and weights. The scores were summed
to find the total. The score for Apple Inc. was 2.38. This meant
that Apple's strategies are not fully effective and the company
needs to make improvements.
Conclusion
The analysis has explored the external and internal factors
affecting Apple Inc. and companies in the consumer electronics
industry. It has identified the threats facing companies in the
electronics industry using porter's five forces model and SWOT
analysis. The analysis shows that Apple Inc. performs better
than Microsoft and HP. However, companies such as Samsung
achieve better performance. Apple Inc. should capitalize on
opportunities and reduce existing threats.
REFERENCES
Dess, G. G., & Davis, P. S. (1984). Porter's (1980) generic
strategies as determinants of strategic group membership and
organizational performance.
Academy of Management Journal,
27(3), 467-488.
Ketchen, D. J., & Short, J. (2013).
Mastering strategic management. Saylors Academy.
Li, Y. (2021). Apple Inc. Analysis and Forecast Evaluation.

Proceedings of Business and Economic Studies,
4(4), 71-78.
Yie, C. E., Zhi, C. E., & Ping, N. T. S. (2021). A Critical
Analysis of Internal and External Environment: Case Study of
Apple Inc.
Journal of International Business and Management,
4(10), 01-14.
Project 3: Internal Environmental Analysis
Name
September 26, 2022
Course number
Instructor’s name
Introduction

An internal environmental analysis involves performing an
extensive review of various aspects of a company’s internal
guidance and operations. The purpose of this project is to
perform an internal environmental analysis of Apple Inc. The
analysis will help to evaluate the position and strengths of the
company through the functional, business, and corporate levels
of strategy.
The strategic role of corporate strengths/weaknesses in the
internal strategy analysis
The three levels of strategy are functional, business, and
corporate levels.
Corporate-level strategies are formulated by the top
management using input from the lower and middle management
(Ketchen et al. 2013). Apple Inc. competes with various
companies such as Amazon, Microsoft, Google, and IBM. Apple
Inc. has to develop corporate-level strategies to maintain its
competitive advantage. Apple Inc.’s corporate-level strategies
include diversification and growth. Apple Inc. has pursued
diversification at regional and product levels. The company has
expanded its customer base by exploring new regions and
introducing new products. Apple Inc. has embraced
diversification to promote viability in the industry.
Apple’s corporate-level strategy involves expanding activities
into new product lines similar to the current ones. The company
has used related diversification to increase its cash flow and
profits. Related diversification involves having direct links
between various business units of a company. This strategy
enabled companies to maximize their resources because they are
shared among various business units. Apple Inc.’s core
competency is innovation (Wittich et al. 2018). The company
has developed innovative products such as iPhone, iPod, and
iPad. Apple Inc. has used its core competency to develop its
products. The use of the corporate-level strategy has allowed
Apple Inc to take advantage of its core competencies.
The corporate-level strategy of growth is also followed by
Apple Inc. Apple Inc. operates in very competitive markets. The

company introduces upgraded versions of its products yearly.
Apple’s financial statements show that the company focuses on
growth. Apple focuses on growth strategies such as product
development and market penetration (Podolny et al. 2020). The
company has increased sales of its products in various existing
markets. Apple Inc. attracts new customers by producing quality
products.
Partial SWOT table
The partial SWOT analysis shows Apple Inc.’s strengths and
weaknesses in the consumer electronics industry.
STRENGTHS
WEAKNESSES
Innovation and technology
Apple Inc has a history of technological innovation. There is
rapid innovation to keep the products competitive in the market.
Apple has been the first company to introduce various
innovative products such as Air Pods, iPads, and iPhones.
Strong brand
Apple Inc. is among the strongest and most valuable brands in
the world. The company has many loyal customers across the
globe. Apple Inc. is globally iconic.
High prices
Apple's products are highly-priced. High prices prevent many
customers from purchasing Apple's products.
Poor distribution network
Apple’s distribution network is limited. Apple has few stores in
various parts of the world even though the company has many
customers. The limited distribution network makes it difficult
for customers to easily acquire Apple’s products.
Software and accessories incompatibility
Apple’s software is incompatible with other software.
Customers who purchase Apple’s products have to purchase
everything from Apple. That is because the products are
incompatible with software produced by other companies.

Apple’s key strength is innovation and technology. Most
customers purchase Apple products because the company is
innovative. Apple Inc. ensures that the quality of products is
improved frequently. Apple Inc. conducts sufficient research
and development to improve its product designs and innovate
products. Apple Inc. also has a positive brand image (Wittich et
al. 2018). The company is one of the top brands in the world.
Apple Inc. has loyal customers because of the quality of its
products.
The strategic implications are continuing to focus on growth
and diversification by introducing new products. Apple Inc. has
to diversify its products using its advantage in producing
innovative products. Appel should also focus on growth because
it has a positive brand image (Podolny et al. 2020). If Apple
Inc. introduces new products, customers are likely to purchase
the products because they are loyal to the company.
Apple Inc. can capitalize on its strengths by producing more
products. Apple has strength in innovation and technology. The
company can; therefore, produce more innovative products. The
products would help Apple Inc. to compete in the consumer
electronics industry. Apple Inc. should capitalize on its strength
of being a strong brand by expanding its existing relationships
with customers and other companies. Apple Inc (Wittich et al.
2018). can partner with other companies or acquire other
companies to capitalize on its positive brand image.
Apple's weaknesses include high prices, poor distribution
networks, and software incompatibility. Apple charges high
prices for its products. The company can improve on this by
lowering the prices of its products. Apple Inc. also has a limited
distribution network. Apple should improve on this by using
more retailers and wholesalers. Apple Inc. should not rely only
on its shops to sell its products. The company has to trust other
distributors to sell its products in various parts of the world
(Wouters 2015). Apple Inc. should make its products and
software compatible with products made by other companies.
IFE Matrix and Analysis

Strengths
weight
Rating
Weighted score
Innovation and technology
10 %
4
0.4
Management
10 %
4
0.4
Employees
10 %
3
0.3
Strong brand/brand reputation
10 %
4
0.4
Unique products
15 %
4
0.6
Financial ratios
5 %
3
0.15
weaknesses
High prices
15 %
1
0.15

Limited distribution network
10 %
1
0.01
Product incompatibility
5 %
1
0.05
Unethical business practices
5 %
2
0.05
Limited advertising
5 %
2
0.05
Total
100 %
2.56
The ratings are based on the importance of Apple’s strengths
and weaknesses in the consumer electronics industry. One
multiplies the weight by the rating to get the weighted score.
Scores above 2.5 indicate internally strong companies while
scores below 2.5 indicate internally weak companies (Wittich et
al. 2018). The percentages of various weights indicate how
important a certain strength or weakness is in the consumer
electronics industry.
The IFE matrix shows that Apple Inc. is internally strong. The
total weighted score was above 2.5. Apple Inc., should;
however, work on improving on weaknesses such as high prices
and its distribution network. High prices are a crucial factor in
the consumer electronics industry. Some customers might not
purchase highly-priced products when other quality products are
available at affordable prices (Ketchen et al. 2013). Apple Inc.

should ensure that its products are affordable. Apple should
reduce costs such as marketing and the cost of raw materials to
make its products more affordable. Apple Inc. should also
expand its distribution network to make products easily
accessible to customers.
Grand Strategy Matrix
A grand strategic matrix identifies strategic options for
companies. The matrix guides crucial decisions in an
organization. The four quadrants in the grand strategy matrix
are quadrants I, II, III, and IV. Quadrant I is rapid market
growth and strong competitive position, II is rapid market
growth and weak competitive position, III is slow to market
growth and weak competitive position, and IV is slow to market
growth and strong competitive position.
Apple Inc. Grand Strategy Matrix
Quadrant II
Divestiture
Quadrant I
Market development
Market penetration
Product development
Quadrant III
Liquidation/ divestiture
Quadrant IV
Joint ventures
Apple Inc. lies in Quadrant I because of its strong competitive
position, market growth, good strategic position, brand image or
reputation, quality products, and diversification. Apple Inc. can
adopt strategies such as product development, market
penetration, and market development. The company can modify
existing products or bring new products to the market. Apple
Inc. can also focus on the market development strategy by
introducing its products to new markets (Wittich et al. 2018).
The company should sell its products in unexplored markets
such as Africa. Apple Inc. could use the market penetration

strategy to increase its market share in continents such as Asia
and Europe. Apple should increase its sales in various markets.
The strategic implications are to increase sales by creating new
products, selling the products to unexplored markets, and
increasing the market share in the explored markets. Apple Inc.
should differentiate its products through innovation (Wouters
2015). The integrated strategy would help Apple to differentiate
products at low costs. Apple Inc. can modify existing products
by focusing on the functionality and design of its products.
The strategic role of Internal Resources/Departments/Processes
Product line & target market
Apple Inc. sells products such as the iPhone, iPad, iMac,
MacBook Air, Macintosh, iPod, Apple Watch, Apple TV, Beats
Products, and Home Pod mini. The iPhone is the best-selling
product. It is the main source of revenue for Apple Company.
Apple's target market consists of those in the middle-class and
upper classes. Apple does not target those in the lower class
because it charges high prices (Wouters 2015). Apple Inc.
targets individuals who can pay high prices for products with a
good user experience.
The target groups include music lovers, professionals, and the
crowd. Apple targets music lovers through iTunes and iPod.
Professionals are targeted for MacBooks and iPads. Apple also
targets the crowd by offering Apple TV and Apple iWatch.
Business-level strategies
Apple Inc. uses the differentiation strategy. The differentiation
strategy used by Apple is based on increasing its market share,
staying ahead of the competitors, attracting new customers, and
keeping the existing ones. Apple Inc. has distinguished its
products from the ones offered by competitors. Products such as
iPad, iPhones, and MacBooks are highly differentiated (Tian et
al 2022). Product design is a crucial aspect of differentiation.
Apple’s products can handle different products, and they have
different features.
Apple stays ahead of competitors in the consumer electronics
industry by being able to influence the market easily. Apple Inc.

has a good relationship with its customers. The factors in
Apple’s differentiation strategy are product design, pricing
strategy, and brand loyalty (Tian et al 2022). Apple Inc. has
formed strategic alliances to benefit from shared costs, risks,
and economies of scale. Production has been moved to countries
such as China to access more markets and raw materials at low
prices.
Functional-level strategies
These are the goals and actions assigned to different
departments to support the corporate-level and business-level
strategies. Apple's functional-level strategies include a focus on
research and development, human resources, financial, and
marketing strategies. Apple requires all employees to be
committed and hardworking. The drivers of Apple's research
and development strategy are expanding services, growing the
product range, and focusing more on in-house technology
development (Wouters 2015). Apple's financial strategy is to
maximize its profit margins. The company maximizes its profits
by introducing quality products.
Other functional-level strategies by Apple Inc. are improving
product and process efficiency, producing high-quality
products, and ensuring that there is optimum resource
utilization. Apple Inc. does not provide training programs
(Wouters 2015). The company encourages employees to develop
various skills by doing things on their own. Apple encourages
employees to be self-reliant. Employees get grants if they make
significant contributions to the company.
Agility is the most crucial factor for Apple’s success. Apple
Inc. manages to shift between various products and services.
Employees work on new projects. Workers prepare to retool and
learn within a short period. Apple company uses several teams
to complete one project (Wouters 2015). The teams compete to
create an innovative product or solution. Apple has design
teams that meet weekly to create innovative products.
Organizational structure & culture
Apple’s organizational structure is functional and hierarchical.

In a functional structure, there is a strong emphasis on vertical
links and hierarchy (Ketchen et al. 2013). There are different
departments to handle various activities. Apple has departments
such as human resources, customer service, information
technology, production, and marketing. Apple has a hierarchical
structure that enables senior management to have tight control.
There are promotion opportunities that motivate employees.
Product-based grouping is a key aspect of Apple's
organizational structure. Apple divides its operations into
groupings such as services, iPhone, Mac, and iPad. Even though
a functional structure exists in Apple, the company has a weak
functional matrix. There is an effective and intensive
collaboration between various divisions and groupings within
the Apple company (Tian et al 2022). There are eight members
of the Board of Directors. Apple’s organizational structure has
been subjected to numerous changes.
The organizational culture of Apple is creative innovation.
Apple focuses on maintaining high innovation levels. These are
achieved by having creative workers with a mindset that
challenges standards and conventions. Apple’s culture is based
on integrity, teamwork, excellence, creativity, and innovation
(Tian et al 2022). The employees should work together to
complete various projects. They should also think outside the
box and have a moderate competition to improve their output
and drive growth.
Flexibility in manufacturing is very important for Apple. The
marketing strategy needs flexibility in manufacturing.
Flexibility is achieved through volume, product mix, and new
product flexibility. Apple’s factories have to reconfigure to
produce new products quickly (Tian et al 2022). Apple has a
fast life cycle. The factories should also be able to increase
their production levels quickly if demand increases. Investment
can be made in the Apple company because it is financially
strong. The company has used a non-GAAP accounting
principle.
Design and development of products are conducted by senior

officials. Quality management is a key area in operations that
emphasizes quality controls and standards. Apple's layout
design emphasizes customer expectations. The company's
supply chain is efficient and streamlined. Apple uses
automation to monitor supplies and processes (Tian et al 2022).
The FIFO method of inventory management is used.
Research and development is a crucial sector of Apple company.
In 2021, Apple Inc. spent $21.9 billion on research and
development (Apple Inc. 2022). Apple conducts prototype
testing and consumer surveys. Anonymous data collection is
done by various employees. The company has various
production lines at its manufacturing sites.
Alignment with Apple’s vision and mission statements
Apple’s vision is to make great products while its mission is to
bring the best user experiences to customers. The strategies
align with the company’s vision and mission statements.
Apple’s strategy of diversification, growth, differentiation, and
improving product efficiency aligns with the vision of making
great products. The company can make great products by
differentiating its products through quality improvement.
Improving product efficiency brings the best user experience to
the customers.
Strategic financial analysis for the last reported fiscal year
Apple Inc.
Industry
Leverage ratios
Long-term debt ratio (long-term debt/total assets
0.28 (=94 B/336 B)
0.27
The debt-to-equity ratio (total liabilities/shareholders equity)
2.06
1.20

Liquidity ratios
Current ratio (current assets/current liabilities)
1.07 (134,836/125,481)
0.92
Quick ratio (current assets-inventory)/current liabilities
0.82 (106,860/125,481)
0.58
Efficiency ratios
Asset turnover ratio (NET SALES/TOTAL ASSETS)
1.16
1.15
Inventory turnover ratio
41.41
38.94
Profitability ratios
Return on equity (net income/shareholders equity)
153.00 %
156 %
Return on assets (net income/total assets)
28.10 %
11.78 %
Apple Inc.’s 2022 balance sheet and income statements were
used to calculate the financial ratios. The long-term debt ratio
measures the long-term debt used for financing the assets of a
company. The ratio measures the long-term financial position of
companies. Apple’s long-term debt ratio was 0.28 while the
industry average was 0.27 (Apple Inc. 2022). This means Apple

Inc. is in a good financial position compared to other
companies.
The current ratio measures the ability of companies to pay their
short-term obligations. Apple's current ratio was 1.07 while the
industry average was 0.92. Apple is; therefore, in a better
position to pay its short-term obligations compared to other
companies in the consumer electronics industry. The asset
turnover ratio determines the efficiency of a company's assets to
generate sales or revenues (Tian et al 2022). Apple’s asset
turnover ratio was 1.16 while the industry average was 1.15.
This means Apple Inc. was efficient in generating revenue or
sales from its assets.
Return on assets indicates how profitable companies are
concerning their assets. A return on assets of 5 % and above is
good. Apple company had an excellent return on assets of 28 %
(Apple Inc. 2022). The industry average was 11.78 %. Apple
was; therefore, more profitable than its competitors in relation
to total assets.
Conclusion
Apple Inc.'s internal environment analysis was determined by
reviewing the financial statements, conducting SW analysis, and
analyzing corporate-level, business-level, and functional
strategies. Financial analysis showed that Apple Inc. has been
performing better than other companies in the consumer
electronics industry. The internal environment analysis showed
the strengths of Apple Inc. and its weaknesses. Apple Inc. needs
to improve on its weaknesses such as its poor distribution
network and high prices. Apple Inc. can focus on strategies of
product development, market development, and market
penetration.
References
Apple Inc. (2022). AAPL.
Yahoo Finance.

https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/AAPL/financials/
Ketchen, D. J., & Short, J. (2013).
Mastering strategic management. Simon Fraser
University.
Podolny, J. M., & Hansen, M. T. (2020). How Apple is
organized for innovation.
Harvard Business Review,
98(6), 86-95.
Wittich, W., Jarry, J., Morrice, E., & Johnson, A. (2018).
Effectiveness of the Apple iPad as a Spot-reading Magnifier.
Optometry and Vision Science,
95(9), 704.
Wouters, A. (2015). Apple & Google: a comparative analysis of
marketing approaches and strategies.
Czech Journal of Social Sciences Business and
Economics,
3(4), 31-43.
Tian, W., Wang, M., & Wang, Q. (2022, March). The Core
Competentness of Apple Inc. In
2022 7th International Conference on Financial
Innovation and Economic Development (ICFIED 2022) (pp.
718-725). Atlantis Press.
Project 4: Strategy Selection, Implementation and Evaluation
Instructions
BMGT 495 - Project 4: Strategy Selection, Implementation, and
Evaluation (Week 8)

NOTE: All submitted work is to be your original work. You
may not use any work from another student, the Internet, or an
online clearinghouse. You are expected to understand the
Academic Dishonesty and Plagiarism Policy and know that it is
your responsibility to learn about the instructor and general
academic expectations concerning proper citation sources as
specified in the APA Publication Manual, 7th Ed. (Students are
held accountable for in-text citations and an associated
reference list only.)
Purpose:
This project is the last of four projects. You will generate a
pool of alternative strategies, evaluate these alternative
strategies, and select the best strategy using the tools and
concepts learned throughout the course. You will develop
implementation plans, evaluative plans to control the
implementation process, and plan for post-evaluation measures.
You will also draw from previous business courses to
understand how organizations develop and manage strategies to
establish, safeguard, and sustain their position in a competitive
market.
Skill Building:
In this project, you build many different skills, including
research, critical thinking, writing, and developing analytical
skills related to various financial analysis tools and strategy
tools used in business. In addition, you will select optimal
strategies, design how to implement them, and evaluate the
implementation process of the optimal strategies.
Outcomes Met With This Project:

Examine the impact of ethical decision making, social
responsibility, stakeholder analysis, and corporate governance
on organizations and society;
Utilize a set of useful analytical skills, tools, and techniques for
analyzing a company strategically;
Integrate ideas, concepts, and theories from previously taken
functional courses including, accounting, finance, market,
business, and human resource management;
Analyze and synthesize strengths, weaknesses, opportunities,
and threats (SWOT) to generate, prioritize, and implement
alternative strategies to revise a current plan or write a new
plan and present a strategic plan;
Evaluate the outcomes of identified strategies to determine their
success and impact on short-term and long-term objectives.
Instructions:
Step 1 Course Material and Research
You must research information about the focal company and the
environment for this project. You are accountable for using the
course materials to support the ideas, reasoning, and
conclusions made. Course material's use goes beyond defining
terms and explains the 'why and how' of a situation. Using one
or two in-text citations from the course materials and then
relying on Internet source material will not earn many points on
the assignment. A variety of source material is expected, and
what is presented must be relevant and applicable to the topic
being discussed. Avoid merely making statements but close the
loop of the discussion by explaining how something happens or
why something happens, which focuses on importance and
impact. In closing the loop, you will demonstrate the ability to
think clearly and rationally, showing an understanding of the
logical connections between the ideas presented from the
research, the course material, and the question(s) being asked.
Note: Your report is based on the research results performed

and not on any prepared documentation. What this means is that
you will research and draw your own conclusions that are
supported by the research and the course material rather than
the use of any source material that puts together any of the tools
or techniques whether from the Internet, for-pay websites, or
any pre-prepared document, video or source material. A zero
will be earned for not doing your own analysis.
Success: The analysis is based on research and not opinion. You
are not making recommendations, and you will not attempt to
position the focal company in a better or worse light than other
companies within the industry merely because you are
completing an analysis on this particular company. The analysis
must be based on factual information. Any conclusions drawn
have to be based on factual information rather than leaps of
faith. To ensure success, as stated above, you are expected to
use the course materials and research on the focal company's
global industry and the focal company. The opinion does not
earn credit, nor does it use external sources when course
materials can be used. It is necessary to provide explanations
(the why and how) rather than making statements. Avoid
stringing one citation after another, as doing so does not show
detailed explanations.
Step 2 Research
In completing the report, you will use the chapters in the eBook
as a guide and perform research on the same company as in
Projects 1 and 2. Answer the required elements below in
narrative form following the steps.
Note: Your report is based on the research results performed
and not on any prepared documentation. What this means is that
you will research and draw your own conclusions that are
supported by the research and the course material rather than
the use of any source material that puts together any of the tools

or techniques whether from the Internet, for-pay websites, or
any document, video or source material. A zero will be earned
for not doing your own analysis.
Library Resources (Company Required)
All the information needed for your assigned company must be
obtained from one of the library's suggested online company
research databases. To use these resources, go to the main
navigation bar in the classroom, select Academic Support and
then select Library. Next, select Databases by Title (A - Z).
Since your primary online company research database is
Statista, select S from the alphabet list, and scroll down to
select Statista Online.
Dun and Bradstreet's Hoovers Database, among others, is
another excellent source for company research, competitor, and
industry information.
You can find relevant and significant additional information
required for company project research by using
https://libguides.umgc.edu/business-research
Additional Library Resources
Research for Company Financial Ratios: Financial Research.
Research for Industry Financial Ratios: CSI Market.
Use "OneSearch" to find scholarly articles by clicking Library
under Academic Support on the classroom main menu bar and
checkmark "Scholarly Journals Only" prior to starting a search.
Library Support Personal Assistance
Extensive library resources and services are available online, 24
hours a day, seven days a week at
https://www.umgc.edu/library/index.cfm to support you in your
studies. In addition, the UMGC Library provides research
assistance in creating search strategies, selecting relevant
databases, and evaluating and citing resources in various
formats via its "Ask a Librarian" service at

https://www.umgc.edu/library/libask/index.cfm.
Step 3 Specific Company for All Four Projects
For this project, your instructor has specifically assigned each
student to write an independent report on one focal company.
The assigned company must be used for all four projects in this
course. You cannot write reports on any other company
different from the company specifically assigned by your
instructor. Students who fail to use the specifically assigned
companies from the list or use an unapproved company will
receive a zero for the project.
The company that your instructor has assigned to you will be
used for this project.
Step 4 Preparation for the Project
Before you begin writing the report, you will read the following
requirements that will help you meet the writing and APA
requirements.
You will be analyzing the selected company. When doing
analysis, you are not merely making statements that may be
cited. Instead, you will be supporting the statements made.
“Support” is the process of explaining, discussing, and
analyzing “why” and “how,” which is a higher-level critical
analytical skill that is required for this class. Support is needed
to do well on this project.
Read the grading rubric for the project. Then, use the grading
rubric while writing the report to ensure all requirements are
met, leading to the highest possible grade.
Step 5 How to Set Up the Project
The document has to be written in Word or RTF. No other
format is acceptable. No pdf files will be graded. Use 12-point
font for a double-spaced report. The final product is expected

10-12 pages. The final project may not be more than 12 pages,
excluding the title page and reference page. Those items
identified in the implementation and action plans should appear
under the appropriate heading in the paper. Do not use an
Appendix.
Create a title page with the title, your name, date, the course
number, and the instructor's name.
Create Topic Headings that correspond to exact sections of the
project requirements.
Use the following template using the headings to separate
elements. Do not use bullets in your paper as the required
format is in narrative format with indented paragraphs and no
extra space between paragraphs.
Introduction
(The Introduction paragraph is the first paragraph of the paper
and will describe to the reader the intent of the paper,
explaining the main points covered in the paper. This intent
should be understood before reading the remainder of the paper
so the reader knows exactly what is being covered in the paper.
Therefore, write the introduction last to ensure all of the main
points are covered.)
Alternative Strategy Generation
To generate a pool of strategies, you will look at the
organization’s business-level strategy, corporate-level strategy,
and global strategy. Then, using the information and data
collected from your research and the analytical outcomes from
(a) external factor analysis in your Project 1 and (b) internal
factor analysis in Project 2, you will generate a pool of
strategies.
Generate a minimum of three possible alternative strategies for
the company.

Identify and discuss cultural and organizational factors that
should be considered in analyzing and choosing among the
alternative strategies.
Strategy Prioritization
Prioritize strategies and explain using the course material to
support the reasoning – Use the tools learned in the course.
Strategy Selection
Your strategy selection will be based on the use of the
Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM). The QSPM
produces a composite analysis. A composite analysis is one in
which you will bring in a combination of relevant factors from
the various analyses (EFE Matrix, IFE matrix, CPM matrix,
SWOT, Grand Strategy Matrix, and QSPM). The QSPM is a tool
that helps determine the relative attractiveness of feasible
alternative strategies based on the external and internal key
success factors.
Develop a Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM)
analysis.
Discuss the value of a QSPM analysis for strategy selection. Be
specific.
Strategy Implementation
Recommend procedures for strategy implementation.
Discuss who, what and how to implement the selected strategy
or strategies at the corporate level, business-unit level, and
functional level.
Strategy Evaluation
Use frameworks and tools discussed throughout the course.
Support the reasoning and conclusions made.
Discuss procedures for strategy review and evaluation
Discuss the appropriate evaluative measures (including who,

what, when, and how at the corporate level, business-unit level,
and functional level)
Discuss a corrective action plan (including who, what, when,
and how) at the corporate, business unit, and functional levels.
Conclusion
Create a conclusion. The Conclusion is intended to emphasize
the purpose/significance of the analysis, emphasize the
significance/consequence of findings, and indicate the wider
applications derived from the main points of the project’s
requirements. Finally, you will conclude the findings of the
external environment analysis.
References
Step 6 Review the Paper
Read the paper to ensure all required elements are present.
The following are specific requirements that you will follow.
Use the checklist to mark off that you have followed each
specific requirement.
Checklist
Specific Project Requirements
Proofread your paper.
Read and use the grading rubric while completing the paper to
ensure all requirements are met to lead to the highest possible
grade.

Third-person writing is required. Third-person means that there
are no words such as “I, me, my, we, or us” (first-person
writing), nor is there use of “you or your” (second-person
writing). If uncertain how to write in the third person, view this
link:
http://www.quickanddirtytips.com/education/grammar/first-
second-and-third-person.
Contractions are not used in business writing, so do not use
them.
Paraphrase and do not use direct quotations. Paraphrase means
you do not use more than four consecutive words from a source
document. Removing quotation marks and citing is
inappropriate. Instead, put a passage from a source document
into your own words and attribute the passage to the source
document. There should be no passages with quotation marks.
Using more than four consecutive words from a source
document would require direct quotation marks. Changing
words from a passage does not exclude the passage from having
quotation marks. If more than four consecutive words are used
from source documents, this material will not be included in the
grade.
You are expected to use the research and weekly course
materials to develop the analysis and support the reasoning.
Therefore, there should be a robust use of the course material.
The material used from a source document must be cited and

referenced. A reference within a reference list cannot exist
without an associated in-text citation and vice versa. Changing
words from a passage does not exclude the passage from having
quotation marks.
Use in-text citations and provide a reference list that contains
the reference associated with each in-text citation.
You may not use books in completing this problem set unless it
is part of the course material. Also, do not use a dictionary,
Wikipedia, Investopedia, Fern Fort University, or any other for-
free website.
Provide the page or paragraph number in every in-text citation.
Since the eBook does not have page numbers, you must include
the chapter title, section heading, and paragraph number.
For citations using a video, you must provide the minutes and
second of the cited material.
Step 7: Submit the Report in the Assignment Folder
Submitting the project to the Assignment Folder is considered
the student's final product and therefore ready for grading by
the instructor. It is incumbent upon the student to verify the
project is the correct submission. No exceptions will be
considered by the instructor.
NOTE: All submitted work is to be your original work. You
may not use any work from another student, the Internet, or an

online clearinghouse. You are expected to understand the
Academic Dishonesty and Plagiarism Policy and know that it is
your responsibility to learn about instructor and general
academic expectations concerning proper citation sources as
specified in the APA Publication Manual, 7th Ed. (Students are
held accountable for in-text citations and an associated
reference list only).

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