Data Plane: processing and delivery of packets
Based on state in routers and endpoints
E.g., IP, TCP, Ethernet, etc.
Control Plane: establishing the state in routers
Determines how and where packets are forwarded
Routing, traffic engineering, firewall state, …
Separate control plane and data plane entities
Have programmable data planes—maintain, control and program data plane from a central entity i.e. control plane software called controller.
An architecture to control not just a networking device but an entire network
Data Plane: processing and delivery of packets
Based on state in routers and endpoints
E.g., IP, TCP, Ethernet, etc.
Control Plane: establishing the state in routers
Determines how and where packets are forwarded
Routing, traffic engineering, firewall state, …
Separate control plane and data plane entities
Have programmable data planes—maintain, control and program data plane from a central entity i.e. control plane software called controller.
An architecture to control not just a networking device but an entire network
SDN Performance evaluation for floodlight controller and OVS controller using adaptive approaches (i.e. statistical approach and genetic algorithm approach).
SDN most commonly means that networks are controlled by software applications and SDN controllers rather than the traditional network management consoles and commands that required a lot of administrative overhead and could be tedious to manage on a large scale
“What is SDN? The physical separation of the network control plane from the forwarding plane, and where a control plane controls several devices.”
The presentation is about open flow specification used in SDN.
Explained about How the protocol used in SDN, Key Features, components of OpenFlow etc....
An introduction to the key concepts of SDN and NFV with visuals of:
- How SDN is transforming the Data Center
- How NFV is transforming the Service Provider domain and the End-customer domain
- Objectives
- Origin
- Ambassadors
- Applicability
- Analogies
- Benefits
- Industry Standards
- Drivers
- Obstacles
- Growth
- Resources and Events
SDN Performance evaluation for floodlight controller and OVS controller using adaptive approaches (i.e. statistical approach and genetic algorithm approach).
SDN most commonly means that networks are controlled by software applications and SDN controllers rather than the traditional network management consoles and commands that required a lot of administrative overhead and could be tedious to manage on a large scale
“What is SDN? The physical separation of the network control plane from the forwarding plane, and where a control plane controls several devices.”
The presentation is about open flow specification used in SDN.
Explained about How the protocol used in SDN, Key Features, components of OpenFlow etc....
An introduction to the key concepts of SDN and NFV with visuals of:
- How SDN is transforming the Data Center
- How NFV is transforming the Service Provider domain and the End-customer domain
- Objectives
- Origin
- Ambassadors
- Applicability
- Analogies
- Benefits
- Industry Standards
- Drivers
- Obstacles
- Growth
- Resources and Events
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
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2. LIMITATIONS OF EXISTING
NETWORKS
• Difficult to perform real world experiments on large scale
production networks.
• Research stagnation-huge costly equipment to be procured
and networks to be setup by each team for research
• Networks have remained the same for many years
• Rate of innovation in networks is slower as protocols are
defined in isolation-lack of high level abstraction.
• Closed systems
• Hard to collaborate meaningfully due to lack of standard
open interfaces.
• Vendors starting to open-up but not meaningfully.
• Innovation is limited to vendor/vendor partners
• Huge barriers for new ideas in networking.
3. Limitations of Current Networks
Million of
lines
of source
code
Billions of
gates
Many complex functions baked
into infrastructure
OSPF, BGP, multicast,
differentiated services,
Traffic Engineering, NAT,
firewalls, …
Specialized Packet
Forwarding Hardware
Operating
System
Featu
re
Feature
Cannot dynamically change according to network conditions
4. Idea: An OS for Networks
Specialized Packet
Forwarding Hardware
App
Specialized Packet
Forwarding Hardware
App App App
App App Specialized Packet
Forwarding Hardware
App App App
App
Specialized Packet
Forwarding Hardware
App App
Operating
System
Operating
System
Operating
System
Operating
System
Specialized Packet
Forwarding Hardware
Operating
System
App App App
Control
Programs
Network Operating System
5. SOFTWARE DEFINED
NETWORKING
• Data Plane: processing and delivery of packets
Based on state in routers and endpoints
E.g., IP
, TCP
, Ethernet, etc.
• Control Plane: establishing the state in routers
Determines how and where packets are forwarded
Routing, traffic engineering, firewall state, …
• Separate control plane and data plane entities
• Have programmable data planes—maintain, control and
program data plane from a central entity i.e. control plane
software called controller.
• An architecture to control not just a networking device but an
entire network.
7. NEED FOR SDN
• Facilitate innovation in network.
• Layered architecture with standard Open interfaces.
• Experiment and research using non-bulky, non-expensive
equipment.
• More accessibility since software can be easily developed by
more vendors.
• More flexibility with programmability.
• Ease of customization and integration with other software
applications
• Program a network vs. configure a network
8. ARCHITECTURE OF SDN
In the SDN architecture, the control and data planes are
decoupled, network intelligence and state centralized, and the
underlying network infrastructure is abstracted from the
applications.
9. SDN LAYERS
• Infrastructure layer: it is the foundation layer consists of both
physical and virtual network devices such as switches and
routers. All the network devices will implement OpenFlow
protocol to implement traffic forwarding rules.
• Control layer: This layer consists of a centralized control plane
that is decoupled from the physical infrastructure to provide
centralized global view to entire network. The layer will use
OpenFlow protocol to communicate with below layer i.e.
infrastructure layer.
• Application layer: it consists of network services, application
and orchestration tools that are used to interact with control
layer. It provide an open interface to communicate with other
layers in the architecture.
10. OPENFLOW PROTOCOL
• OPENFLOW is an open API that provides a standard interface
for programming the data plane switches. It is a protocol for
remotely controlling the forwarding table of a switch or router
and is one element of SDN.
• It is implemented on Ethernet switches to allow the forwarding
plane i.e. data plane to be managed by a controller present on
control plain in SDN architecture. OpenFlow based controllers
will discover and maintain an inventory of all the links in the
network and then will create and store all possible paths in
entire network.
• OpenFlow protocol can instruct switches and routers to direct
the traffic by providing software-based access to flow tables that
can be used to quickly change the network layout and traffic
flows as per users requirements.
12. OPENFLOW SWITCH AND
CONTROLLER
• An OpenFlow Switch contain one or more flow tables that
implement packet lookups and forwarding, and an OpenFlow
channel to link to an external controller .The switch
interconnects with the controller and the controller directs the
switch using the OpenFlow protocol.
• The controller can delete, add or update flow entries in flow
tables existing in the switch, both reactively i.e. in response to
packets or proactively, using the OpenFlow protocol.
• Controller make this decision based on policies set by
administrator or depending on the conditions of the network and
the decision it makes is forwarded to flow table entries of all the
switches in the network.
14. CURRENT STATUS of SDN
• Google built hardware and software based on the
OpenFlow protocol
• VMware purchased Nicira for $1.26 billion in 2012
• IBM, HP, NEC, Cisco and Juniper also are offering
SDNs that may incorporate OpenFlow, but also
have other elements that are specific to that
vendor and their gear.
15. CONCLUSIONS and FUTURE
SCOPE
• In future, networking will rely more on software to pick up the
pace the innovations in networks.
• SDN can transform today’s static networks into more flexible,
programmable platforms to provide scalability to support large
data centers. It will also provide virtualization that is needed to
support automated, dynamic and secure cloud environment.
• Mostly implementations of newly proposed systems,
frameworks, or applications