This document discusses the scope of physics, including its definition and main branches. Physics is defined as the science dealing with matter and energy interactions. The two main branches are classical physics, based on older theories like mechanics, electricity, sound, and heat, and modern physics, which deals with newer ideas like quantum physics, solid state physics, and nuclear physics. The document also outlines contributions of several important Muslim scientists to physics, including Ibn al-Haitham's work in optics, Al-Khwarizmi's development of algebra and the decimal system, and Dr. Abdus Salam's Nobel Prize-winning work in particle physics and grand unification theory.

1. Scope of Physics
Chapter 01
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2. Learning Objective
Definition of Physics and its branches
Contribution of Muslim scientists
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3. Definition of Physics
Physics is the branch of science
that deals with the interaction of
matter and energy.
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4. Branches of Physics
Broadly speaking Physics is now divided into two main branches
1. Classical Physics
2. Modern Physics
CLASSICAL PHYSICS
It is basically based on old theories but still valid and supported by experiment.
Classical physics is also known as Newtonian Physics and it can be classified as
(1) Mechanics (2) Electricity (3) Sound (4) Heat (5) Light
(6) Thermodynamics (7) Electromagnetism etc.
MODERN PHYSICS
It deals with the new ideas also supported by phenomenon which could not be
Explained by classical physics.
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Some of the branches
of modern physics are
(1) Quantum Physics
(2) Solid State Physics
(3) Nuclear Physics
(4) Particle Physics etc.

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8. Contribution of Muslim Scientists
 Ibn al Haitham
 Al-Beruni
 Yaqub al Kindi
 Al Khawarzmi
 Dr Abdus Salam
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IBN AL HAITHAM
1.His book “ Kitab Ul Manazir” deals
with the optics(light).
2. He invented Pin hole camera.
3. He gave laws of reflection.
4. He gave the formal definition of ray
of light.

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CONRIBUTION OF YAQUB AL KINDI
1. He did extensive research in meteorology,
specific gravity and tides.
2. He did valuable work on geometric optics.
3. He discussed music from scientific point of
view and expressed different notes of music
in terms of their frequency.
4. He provided the foundation for the modern
arithmetic.

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CONTRIBUTION OF AL KHAWARZMI
1. He was the Muslim mathematician and
astronomer.
2. His famous book was ‘Algebra wal Muqabila’
and ‘Kitab ul jabr’.
3. He introduced a method of counting and
decimal system in his famous book ‘Hisab’
4. He developed the concept of Algebra by
generating a new method for solving linear
and quadratic equation.

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CONTRIBUTION OF Dr ABDUS
SALAM:
1. He was the only Pakistani who has been
awarded by Noble prize in the field of
physics.
2. He gave Grand Unification theory.
3. He contributed in gravity theory and its
role in particle physics.
4. His contribution also included in the
prediction of proton decay.