The document discusses factors helping corporate businesses in Qatar become sustainable in supply chain logistics management. It outlines the research aim to study main factors that bring sustainability to supply chains in Qatar. The literature review covers topics like defining sustainable supply chain management, its relationship to risk management, the need for sustainability in Qatar, and the role of information technology. The research methodology is also presented, including collecting primary data through surveys of supply chain employees on factors influencing sustainability adoption in Qatar's supply chain logistics industry.
This document discusses factors helping companies in Qatar achieve sustainability in supply chain logistics management. It notes that effective supply chain management covers all areas from procurement to production to marketing and delivery. While Qatar relies heavily on hydrocarbons, it is diversifying into a knowledge economy. The 2022 FIFA World Cup provides logistical challenges. The document reviews sustainability in supply chains and the role of stakeholders, information technology, and risk management. It aims to understand Qatar's supply chain industry, challenges to sustainability, benefits of sustainability, and key factors to achieve sustainability through a literature review and survey of supply chain professionals.
Determinantsof Strategic Supply Chain Management in Enhancing Organization Pe...paperpublications3
Abstract: The purpose of the study was to investigate the determinantsof strategic supply chain management in enhancing organization performance, a case of Eldoret Water and Sanitation Company. The target population consisted of all the managers and employees at ELDOWAS. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design, in which both stratified and simple random sampling techniques were utilized in selecting the participants for the study. This study used a sample of 60 employees and management representatives. Questionnaire, interview schedule and document analysis were be used to collect data. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistical technique that included frequencies, percentages and means. Findings of the study found out that 53.3% of organisation performance was influenced by the four determinants studied in the research. Results on coefficient of variation showed that a unit change in supply chain infrastructure would affect organisation performance by (0.14β1), resource sharing (0.062β2), information flow (0.457β3) and organisation linkage (0.215β4). All the four determinants looked in this research were found to have positive influence; supply chain infrastructure (r=0.505), resource sharing (r=0.567), information flow (r=0.705) and organisation linkage (r=0.322) on organisation performance. The study recommends that ICT should be fully integrated and utilised in sharing information between the organisation and partner in the supply chain management, information systems and flow need to be enhanced to ensure that the suppliers and customers receive it on time.
Keywords: Determinants, Information flow, Infrastructure,Supply Chain Management & Resource sharing.
Implementation of Supply Chain Management and its Effectiveness on Marketing ...ijtsrd
Supply chain control has assumed a good sized role in firms performance and has attracted serious research interest over the last few years. A literature reviewreveals a massive spurt in studies in principle and exercise of SCM Combining and informing on capabilities of deliver control and distribution management. This integration hasresulted within the concept of prolonged. Employer and the supply chain is now appear as the collaborative deliver chain across intercompany borders to maximise the value throughout the complete deliver chain. A massive variety of research papers had been published in numerous journals in ultimate many years. On this paper an attempt is made to study the popularity of literature on supply Chain management. A literature classification scheme is proposed. a complete of 588 articles from thirteen refereed academic journals are categorised into articles in 5 methodologies i.e. Exploratory, Normative, methodology, Literature review and hypothesis testing. This literature evaluation reveals that exploratory kind of studies is normally favoured it is expected that with the maturity of SCM the hypothesis trying out approach will choose up. The articles are similarly categorised in fifteen categories on the basis of content analysis. Based on this assessment, some feasible studies issues are recognized. Prof. Rekha D. M | Sowmya A V ""Implementation of Supply Chain Management and its Effectiveness on Marketing of Business Organisations"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23876.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/strategic-management/23876/implementation-of-supply-chain-management-and-its-effectiveness-on-marketing-of-business-organisations/prof-rekha-d-m
Critique on papers related to supply chain management Trushart Wagh
The document summarizes and critiques several papers related to supply chain management. It discusses key topics like:
- Factors that affect the implementation rates of energy and productivity recommendations in small to medium companies.
- How Advanced Product Quality Planning (APQP) can help small to medium industries improve quality.
- The need for sustainability to be incorporated into supply chain management to create long-term profitability.
- A multidimensional framework that was developed to comprehensively evaluate the performance and sustainability of supply chains. This framework accounts for economic, environmental, social and temporal dimensions.
This document provides an overview of supply chain management in the Indian healthcare industry. It finds that supply chain expenses account for 25-30% of total hospital operating costs in India. Private sector hospitals dominate the market, accounting for 70% of the healthcare delivery market share. The document then analyzes and compares the key performance metrics and financials of several major Indian hospital chains, finding that Max Healthcare has the highest growth rate and strongest operating parameters. Finally, it discusses opportunities to improve supply chain management in hospitals through centralized procurement, inventory management, establishing long-term supplier contracts, and demand forecasting to reduce costs and risks of expiration and stock-outs.
Packaging Artwork: An Important Value Chain Process-17 SEP 2012Lora Cecere
The original goal of consumer packaging artwork management was defined to support new product launch and accelerate cost reduction opportunities within the organization. This process has become more complex. Most companies understand that it has become more complex and unwieldy, but they don’t know what to do. There are three drivers:
11.factors causing reversed bullwhip effect on the supply chains of kenyan firmsAlexander Decker
This study examined factors that cause supply chain variability, known as the reverse bullwhip effect, along the supply chain of Kenya Pipeline Company. The researchers conducted interviews and collected data through questionnaires from 5 depots along the supply chain. The findings suggested that capacity constraints were a major factor contributing to supply chain inefficiencies. Specifically, the downstream storage capacity was much larger than the upstream utilization capacity, limiting product flow to end sale points. The conclusion was that the supply chain was inefficient due to challenges related to capacity and government intervention. Recommendations included strategies to adjust capacity, upgrade equipment, add manpower and machine hours, and reduce disruptive government intervention.
This document discusses factors helping companies in Qatar achieve sustainability in supply chain logistics management. It notes that effective supply chain management covers all areas from procurement to production to marketing and delivery. While Qatar relies heavily on hydrocarbons, it is diversifying into a knowledge economy. The 2022 FIFA World Cup provides logistical challenges. The document reviews sustainability in supply chains and the role of stakeholders, information technology, and risk management. It aims to understand Qatar's supply chain industry, challenges to sustainability, benefits of sustainability, and key factors to achieve sustainability through a literature review and survey of supply chain professionals.
Determinantsof Strategic Supply Chain Management in Enhancing Organization Pe...paperpublications3
Abstract: The purpose of the study was to investigate the determinantsof strategic supply chain management in enhancing organization performance, a case of Eldoret Water and Sanitation Company. The target population consisted of all the managers and employees at ELDOWAS. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design, in which both stratified and simple random sampling techniques were utilized in selecting the participants for the study. This study used a sample of 60 employees and management representatives. Questionnaire, interview schedule and document analysis were be used to collect data. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistical technique that included frequencies, percentages and means. Findings of the study found out that 53.3% of organisation performance was influenced by the four determinants studied in the research. Results on coefficient of variation showed that a unit change in supply chain infrastructure would affect organisation performance by (0.14β1), resource sharing (0.062β2), information flow (0.457β3) and organisation linkage (0.215β4). All the four determinants looked in this research were found to have positive influence; supply chain infrastructure (r=0.505), resource sharing (r=0.567), information flow (r=0.705) and organisation linkage (r=0.322) on organisation performance. The study recommends that ICT should be fully integrated and utilised in sharing information between the organisation and partner in the supply chain management, information systems and flow need to be enhanced to ensure that the suppliers and customers receive it on time.
Keywords: Determinants, Information flow, Infrastructure,Supply Chain Management & Resource sharing.
Implementation of Supply Chain Management and its Effectiveness on Marketing ...ijtsrd
Supply chain control has assumed a good sized role in firms performance and has attracted serious research interest over the last few years. A literature reviewreveals a massive spurt in studies in principle and exercise of SCM Combining and informing on capabilities of deliver control and distribution management. This integration hasresulted within the concept of prolonged. Employer and the supply chain is now appear as the collaborative deliver chain across intercompany borders to maximise the value throughout the complete deliver chain. A massive variety of research papers had been published in numerous journals in ultimate many years. On this paper an attempt is made to study the popularity of literature on supply Chain management. A literature classification scheme is proposed. a complete of 588 articles from thirteen refereed academic journals are categorised into articles in 5 methodologies i.e. Exploratory, Normative, methodology, Literature review and hypothesis testing. This literature evaluation reveals that exploratory kind of studies is normally favoured it is expected that with the maturity of SCM the hypothesis trying out approach will choose up. The articles are similarly categorised in fifteen categories on the basis of content analysis. Based on this assessment, some feasible studies issues are recognized. Prof. Rekha D. M | Sowmya A V ""Implementation of Supply Chain Management and its Effectiveness on Marketing of Business Organisations"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23876.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/strategic-management/23876/implementation-of-supply-chain-management-and-its-effectiveness-on-marketing-of-business-organisations/prof-rekha-d-m
Critique on papers related to supply chain management Trushart Wagh
The document summarizes and critiques several papers related to supply chain management. It discusses key topics like:
- Factors that affect the implementation rates of energy and productivity recommendations in small to medium companies.
- How Advanced Product Quality Planning (APQP) can help small to medium industries improve quality.
- The need for sustainability to be incorporated into supply chain management to create long-term profitability.
- A multidimensional framework that was developed to comprehensively evaluate the performance and sustainability of supply chains. This framework accounts for economic, environmental, social and temporal dimensions.
This document provides an overview of supply chain management in the Indian healthcare industry. It finds that supply chain expenses account for 25-30% of total hospital operating costs in India. Private sector hospitals dominate the market, accounting for 70% of the healthcare delivery market share. The document then analyzes and compares the key performance metrics and financials of several major Indian hospital chains, finding that Max Healthcare has the highest growth rate and strongest operating parameters. Finally, it discusses opportunities to improve supply chain management in hospitals through centralized procurement, inventory management, establishing long-term supplier contracts, and demand forecasting to reduce costs and risks of expiration and stock-outs.
Packaging Artwork: An Important Value Chain Process-17 SEP 2012Lora Cecere
The original goal of consumer packaging artwork management was defined to support new product launch and accelerate cost reduction opportunities within the organization. This process has become more complex. Most companies understand that it has become more complex and unwieldy, but they don’t know what to do. There are three drivers:
11.factors causing reversed bullwhip effect on the supply chains of kenyan firmsAlexander Decker
This study examined factors that cause supply chain variability, known as the reverse bullwhip effect, along the supply chain of Kenya Pipeline Company. The researchers conducted interviews and collected data through questionnaires from 5 depots along the supply chain. The findings suggested that capacity constraints were a major factor contributing to supply chain inefficiencies. Specifically, the downstream storage capacity was much larger than the upstream utilization capacity, limiting product flow to end sale points. The conclusion was that the supply chain was inefficient due to challenges related to capacity and government intervention. Recommendations included strategies to adjust capacity, upgrade equipment, add manpower and machine hours, and reduce disruptive government intervention.
This document discusses the importance of supply chain metrics and analytics for managing supply chain complexity and risks. It summarizes that effective metrics and analytics can provide visibility across the supply chain and insights to drive performance improvements. The Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) model is highlighted as an effective framework for standardizing metrics and enabling benchmarking. The document also provides an example of how DuPont has successfully used metrics and benchmarking based on the SCOR model to transform its supply chain and drive ongoing improvements.
Role of Third Party Logistics(3PL) in the Pharmaceutical Industry A Case of L...Atif Ahmed
This document is a thesis submitted by five students to the Department of Business Administration in partial fulfillment of the degree of Bachelor of Business Administration in Supply Chain Management. The thesis examines the role of third-party logistics providers in the pharmaceutical industry in Karachi, Pakistan. It aims to identify the factors leading companies to outsource logistics, challenges in outsourcing contracts, criteria for selecting third-party logistics providers, and benefits and drawbacks of outsourcing logistics. The literature review discusses theories of supply chain management, outsourcing, and third-party logistics.
This document discusses how hospital supply chains can transform from basic models focused on operations to more advanced models that balance costs, efficiency, and quality of care. It identifies three key enablers of transformation: collaborative governance structures involving clinicians, streamlined supply chain processes, and integrated IT systems. A case study highlights how one healthcare system achieved cost savings through strategic sourcing, a distribution center, and technology like barcoding medications.
The document discusses challenges facing commodity trading firms and their need for flexible CTRM software. It describes Agiblocks, a next generation CTRM solution by Agiboo, that aims to address these challenges. Key points are:
1) Agiblocks is a complete, multi-commodity CTRM solution that can be customized and supports physical and financial commodity trading.
2) It has a user-friendly, modular design allowing flexibility and integration with other systems.
3) Agiblocks is developed using .NET on a modern technology stack and can be deployed on-premises or in the cloud.
Impact of Inventory Management on the Effectiveness of Supply Chain Managemen...paperpublications3
Abstract: The main objective of the study was to assess factors affecting the effectiveness of supply chain management practices in Kenyan public sector with, specific reference to the Ministry of Finance. The study’s specific objective being; to establish the effect of inventory management on the effectiveness of supply chain management practices. The study adopted a descriptive case research design and the study population comprised of 120 management staff working at the Ministry of finances’ procurement, finance and administration departments. A stratified random sampling technique was employed to select a sample size of 60 respondents. Questionnaires were used as the main data collection instrument. Descriptive statistics data analysis method was applied to analyze numerical data gathered using closed ended questions aided by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Pearson correlation was carried out to establish the relationship between the research variables. Inventory management was also found to have a strong positive correlation with effectiveness of SCM practices (r = 0.915). The study recommend implementation of EOQ inventory management methods for and IT based SCM systems.
Returns management challenges for the modern day supply chainExtron
Returns management presents challenges for modern supply chains. While returns can offer opportunities, they negatively impact finances and customer relationships if not managed effectively. Returns incur high transportation, inventory, and warehouse costs. Today's global compliant environment makes returns management more difficult. Supply chain consultants aim to understand the causes of returns to improve decision-making. Leaders have developed integrated return systems to efficiently handle the returns process across functions through strategic policies, quality control, operational procedures, and performance metrics aligned with forward logistics. Common return procedures include destruction, repair, refurbishment, and repackaging, while top industry services remove return pitfalls and provide hassle-free customer experiences.
This document provides an overview of various business functions and how information systems support them. It discusses accounting, finance, engineering, supply chain management, customer relationship management, and human resource management. Information systems help with activities like inventory control, manufacturing scheduling, targeted marketing, and employee records management. The document also covers ethical issues around consumer privacy and the collection and use of personal data.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a methodology for using Bayesian networks to benchmark supplier risks. The methodology involves using surveys and collecting internal/external data to create Bayesian networks that generate risk profiles for suppliers. These risk profiles assess suppliers' external, operational, and network risks to determine their potential impact on the buyer organization. The document provides context on benchmarking and discusses how Bayesian networks can be an effective tool for evaluating current and potential suppliers based on their associated risk levels.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
This document outlines a health promotion campaign to encourage young people to quit smoking. The campaign targeted 18-year-olds in schools and universities in Wolverhampton, UK. Various educational materials were used, including soaked cigarettes in a jar demonstrating tar buildup in the lungs, fake cigarettes oozing blood and fat, and diagrams of clogged arteries from smoking. The campaign was based on Prochaska and DiClemente's stages of change model and utilized discussion, education on smoking harms, and visual impact tools to raise awareness of health risks and support behavior change over time.
Tadka, an Indian restaurant chain operating in major Indian cities, is planning to expand to Dubai. While there are cultural similarities between India and Dubai, such as a large Indian expatriate population in Dubai, there are also important differences that may impact the business. These include differences in legal, financial, and business ethics systems between the two countries. Successfully operating the restaurant in Dubai will require understanding and respecting local cultural norms, as well as navigating the implications of operating internationally across different business environments.
This report analyzes Toyota's strategies that have led to its success as an automobile manufacturer. It examines Toyota's external and internal factors, products, customers, value chain including Just-in-Time production and continuous quality improvement systems. Toyota enjoys strong reputation and is a market leader due to new models like the Prius hybrid. While Toyota faces strong competition, its centralized decision-making and unique production systems have helped it achieve more success than rivals. The future looks bright for Toyota to continue outpacing its competitors.
This document summarizes My Solution Dot Com (MSDC), a Malaysian company that provides an online solution for paying bills and debts. MSDC offers discounts on bills, 0% interest loans, and job and business opportunities. Customers register an account, submit their bills through MSDC's payment system, and complete requirements by introducing other customers to earn discounts of up to 50% off their monthly bills. MSDC works directly with various service providers to facilitate bill payments and debt reductions for Malaysian citizens.
The document discusses the impacts of tourism on developing economies. It begins with an introduction stating that while tourism provides economic benefits, it can also have environmental, social, and cultural impacts if not properly managed. It then provides details on the various impacts under sections on environment (1.1.1), sociocultural (1.1.2), and economic (1.1.3). Specific examples of impacts in Thailand (2.3) and India (2.4) are also discussed.
This document provides background information and context for a study on assessment methods used by English teachers to help underachieving readers in Grade 7. It discusses how reading is an important skill and some students struggle more than others. Factors like motivation, intelligence, language skills, and home environment can impact reading ability. The study aims to understand teachers' assessment methods and how they support underachieving readers. It will examine assessment tools, problems teachers face, and activities to enhance reading performance. The findings could help teachers, students, parents, and future researchers improve reading instruction and support.
The document summarizes a student project comparing acoustic guitars from Guitar Center, Kennelly Keys, and Trading Musician. The students tested guitars from Taylor, Martin, and Epiphone based on material, shape, finish, tuners, neck width, and sound quality. Based on its crispy and angelic sound, fabulous look, and top quality wood, the group recommends the Martin guitar from Guitar Center, though it is the most expensive. An acoustic guitar buying guide from Sweetwater.com provided information to evaluate the guitars.
This document discusses the importance of supply chain metrics and analytics for managing supply chain complexity and risks. It summarizes that effective metrics and analytics can provide visibility across the supply chain and insights to drive performance improvements. The Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) model is highlighted as an effective framework for standardizing metrics and enabling benchmarking. The document also provides an example of how DuPont has successfully used metrics and benchmarking based on the SCOR model to transform its supply chain and drive ongoing improvements.
Role of Third Party Logistics(3PL) in the Pharmaceutical Industry A Case of L...Atif Ahmed
This document is a thesis submitted by five students to the Department of Business Administration in partial fulfillment of the degree of Bachelor of Business Administration in Supply Chain Management. The thesis examines the role of third-party logistics providers in the pharmaceutical industry in Karachi, Pakistan. It aims to identify the factors leading companies to outsource logistics, challenges in outsourcing contracts, criteria for selecting third-party logistics providers, and benefits and drawbacks of outsourcing logistics. The literature review discusses theories of supply chain management, outsourcing, and third-party logistics.
This document discusses how hospital supply chains can transform from basic models focused on operations to more advanced models that balance costs, efficiency, and quality of care. It identifies three key enablers of transformation: collaborative governance structures involving clinicians, streamlined supply chain processes, and integrated IT systems. A case study highlights how one healthcare system achieved cost savings through strategic sourcing, a distribution center, and technology like barcoding medications.
The document discusses challenges facing commodity trading firms and their need for flexible CTRM software. It describes Agiblocks, a next generation CTRM solution by Agiboo, that aims to address these challenges. Key points are:
1) Agiblocks is a complete, multi-commodity CTRM solution that can be customized and supports physical and financial commodity trading.
2) It has a user-friendly, modular design allowing flexibility and integration with other systems.
3) Agiblocks is developed using .NET on a modern technology stack and can be deployed on-premises or in the cloud.
Impact of Inventory Management on the Effectiveness of Supply Chain Managemen...paperpublications3
Abstract: The main objective of the study was to assess factors affecting the effectiveness of supply chain management practices in Kenyan public sector with, specific reference to the Ministry of Finance. The study’s specific objective being; to establish the effect of inventory management on the effectiveness of supply chain management practices. The study adopted a descriptive case research design and the study population comprised of 120 management staff working at the Ministry of finances’ procurement, finance and administration departments. A stratified random sampling technique was employed to select a sample size of 60 respondents. Questionnaires were used as the main data collection instrument. Descriptive statistics data analysis method was applied to analyze numerical data gathered using closed ended questions aided by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Pearson correlation was carried out to establish the relationship between the research variables. Inventory management was also found to have a strong positive correlation with effectiveness of SCM practices (r = 0.915). The study recommend implementation of EOQ inventory management methods for and IT based SCM systems.
Returns management challenges for the modern day supply chainExtron
Returns management presents challenges for modern supply chains. While returns can offer opportunities, they negatively impact finances and customer relationships if not managed effectively. Returns incur high transportation, inventory, and warehouse costs. Today's global compliant environment makes returns management more difficult. Supply chain consultants aim to understand the causes of returns to improve decision-making. Leaders have developed integrated return systems to efficiently handle the returns process across functions through strategic policies, quality control, operational procedures, and performance metrics aligned with forward logistics. Common return procedures include destruction, repair, refurbishment, and repackaging, while top industry services remove return pitfalls and provide hassle-free customer experiences.
This document provides an overview of various business functions and how information systems support them. It discusses accounting, finance, engineering, supply chain management, customer relationship management, and human resource management. Information systems help with activities like inventory control, manufacturing scheduling, targeted marketing, and employee records management. The document also covers ethical issues around consumer privacy and the collection and use of personal data.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a methodology for using Bayesian networks to benchmark supplier risks. The methodology involves using surveys and collecting internal/external data to create Bayesian networks that generate risk profiles for suppliers. These risk profiles assess suppliers' external, operational, and network risks to determine their potential impact on the buyer organization. The document provides context on benchmarking and discusses how Bayesian networks can be an effective tool for evaluating current and potential suppliers based on their associated risk levels.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
This document outlines a health promotion campaign to encourage young people to quit smoking. The campaign targeted 18-year-olds in schools and universities in Wolverhampton, UK. Various educational materials were used, including soaked cigarettes in a jar demonstrating tar buildup in the lungs, fake cigarettes oozing blood and fat, and diagrams of clogged arteries from smoking. The campaign was based on Prochaska and DiClemente's stages of change model and utilized discussion, education on smoking harms, and visual impact tools to raise awareness of health risks and support behavior change over time.
Tadka, an Indian restaurant chain operating in major Indian cities, is planning to expand to Dubai. While there are cultural similarities between India and Dubai, such as a large Indian expatriate population in Dubai, there are also important differences that may impact the business. These include differences in legal, financial, and business ethics systems between the two countries. Successfully operating the restaurant in Dubai will require understanding and respecting local cultural norms, as well as navigating the implications of operating internationally across different business environments.
This report analyzes Toyota's strategies that have led to its success as an automobile manufacturer. It examines Toyota's external and internal factors, products, customers, value chain including Just-in-Time production and continuous quality improvement systems. Toyota enjoys strong reputation and is a market leader due to new models like the Prius hybrid. While Toyota faces strong competition, its centralized decision-making and unique production systems have helped it achieve more success than rivals. The future looks bright for Toyota to continue outpacing its competitors.
This document summarizes My Solution Dot Com (MSDC), a Malaysian company that provides an online solution for paying bills and debts. MSDC offers discounts on bills, 0% interest loans, and job and business opportunities. Customers register an account, submit their bills through MSDC's payment system, and complete requirements by introducing other customers to earn discounts of up to 50% off their monthly bills. MSDC works directly with various service providers to facilitate bill payments and debt reductions for Malaysian citizens.
The document discusses the impacts of tourism on developing economies. It begins with an introduction stating that while tourism provides economic benefits, it can also have environmental, social, and cultural impacts if not properly managed. It then provides details on the various impacts under sections on environment (1.1.1), sociocultural (1.1.2), and economic (1.1.3). Specific examples of impacts in Thailand (2.3) and India (2.4) are also discussed.
This document provides background information and context for a study on assessment methods used by English teachers to help underachieving readers in Grade 7. It discusses how reading is an important skill and some students struggle more than others. Factors like motivation, intelligence, language skills, and home environment can impact reading ability. The study aims to understand teachers' assessment methods and how they support underachieving readers. It will examine assessment tools, problems teachers face, and activities to enhance reading performance. The findings could help teachers, students, parents, and future researchers improve reading instruction and support.
The document summarizes a student project comparing acoustic guitars from Guitar Center, Kennelly Keys, and Trading Musician. The students tested guitars from Taylor, Martin, and Epiphone based on material, shape, finish, tuners, neck width, and sound quality. Based on its crispy and angelic sound, fabulous look, and top quality wood, the group recommends the Martin guitar from Guitar Center, though it is the most expensive. An acoustic guitar buying guide from Sweetwater.com provided information to evaluate the guitars.
This document provides details about operations management for a furniture manufacturing company. It discusses how linear programming can be used to optimize the production process and maximize profits. Specifically, it presents a example of a company that makes desks and tables. Each product requires different amounts of assembly, buffing, and packaging time. The company has limited weekly hours for each production activity. Linear programming is used to determine the optimal allocation of resources and mix of products to produce in order to maximize the $3 profit per desk and $4 profit per table, subject to the time constraints for each activity. Critical path analysis and network planning are also discussed as tools to schedule and manage complex production processes.
thesis PPT Assessment methods used by english teachers in assisting under ach...Liezyl Nollas
The document discusses a study on the assessment methods used by English teachers to assist underachieving seventh grade students in reading. It outlines the study's objectives to determine teachers' profiles, factors affecting reading achievement, challenges teachers face, and assessments used. The theoretical framework discusses theories of language development. The study uses a descriptive research method to survey 25 teachers. Key findings include: language development and lack of parental support are major challenges; formative assessment through questioning is most effective; and reading recovery activities are often conducted to help struggling readers. Recommendations include increasing teacher skills in diverse languages and improving parent-teacher communication.
This document discusses gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). It begins by defining GERD as a condition caused by stomach contents refluxing into the esophagus and causing troublesome symptoms or complications. It then discusses the pathophysiology of GERD, noting that the lower esophageal sphincter normally acts as a barrier but can become disrupted, allowing acid to reflux from the stomach into the esophagus. The document outlines the clinical manifestations of GERD including heartburn, regurgitation, and extraesophageal symptoms. It also discusses diagnostic evaluations for GERD including endoscopy, pH monitoring, and manometry. The document concludes by covering treatment options for GERD including lifestyle modifications
Supply chain management is the systemic, strategic coordination of the traditional business functions and the tactics across these business functions within a particular company and across businesses within the supply chain, for the purposes of improving the long-term performance of the individual companies and the supply chain as a whole
Sustainability scorecards are an increasingly important tool that affects companies at every level of the supply chain. Driven by large, multinational corporations and government regulations, more and more buyers—including the Federal government--are requiring their suppliers to engage in sustainable business practices.
Our complimentary white paper on sustainability scorecards provides you with valuable insights gained from our extensive research on supply chain sustainability including market leaders Dell, Ford, and Google, among others.
Download the white paper now to learn:
-Who is using scorecards—and why
-How NGOs, trade associations, and government are influencing the supply chain
-Three simple rules for compliance with scorecard requests
Contributors to the paper include:
Bruno Sarda – Director of Sustainability Operations at Dell:
“Our large customers demand it [sustainability disclosure] and about 2/3 of our public sector customers demand a high level of disclosure…”
Geraldine Link – Public Policy Director at National Ski Area Association:
“Energy is a very important topic in this industry and if we can reduce our carbon footprint, we can save money and help the environment at the same time. This is no longer the exception, but the rule…”
Mark Newton – Vice President of Sustainability at Timberland:
“From the highest levels of a corporation, organizations are beginning to think holistically and to engage suppliers to be innovative in their efforts…”
Supply Chain Metrics That Matter: A Focus on Consumer ElectronicsLora Cecere
Executive Overview
Supply chain management is thirty years old. The year 2012 marked the end of the third decade of the evolution of supply chain practices. In the journey for supply chain excellence, each industry has progressed at their own rate based on their own set of opportunities and limitations including market drivers, industry factors and product cycles. No industry has had greater obstacles to overcome than consumer electronics, and no industry has made more progress.
Consumer electronics has led the pack in managing complexity, improving growth and margin performance, reducing inventory, and accelerating productivity in the face of complexity (revenue per employee). Was it an accident? No, we don’t think so. Instead, we see it as an advanced case study of supply chain excellence in action.
Ask any executive of the consumer electronics industry if supply chain matters and you will get a resounding “YES!” While other industries are more likely to define supply chain efforts as a departmental effort focused within silos—procurement, transportation/distribution or manufacturing—the consumer electronics sector is more likely to model the supply chain as a value network focused on end-to-end improvement. They are also more likely to value the planning function and excel at it, as well as understand how to integrate new product launch efforts with value chain design.
For most companies, the consumer electronics industry offers a lot of lessons and insights for supply chain leaders. It is for this reason that we share this report.
Setting the Stage
Over the course of the last decade, the consumer electronics industry has outperformed most other industries in four significant areas: growth, profitability, cycle management, and complexity. Balancing these four categories of metrics is what we term the Supply Chain Effective Frontier, further profiled in our recent report: Conquering the Supply Chain Effective Frontier.
The document discusses the evolution of supply chain sustainability from a focus on regulatory compliance to strategic benefits. It outlines how assessing environmental impacts across the entire supply chain can reduce costs and risks. Major companies now require suppliers to measure, report, and improve their sustainability performance. Standards are emerging around metrics, reporting, and verifying sustainability claims. Supply chain sustainability is becoming a key factor in business contracts and a mainstream business activity.
This white paper discuss on building a supply chain beyond risks factors surrounding organization operations. Companies today work on several supply chain strategies to improve their supply chain.
Risk factors in as-is process and how to eliminate those risks.
Beyond Supply Chains Empowering Responsible Value ChainsSustainable Brands
This document discusses the opportunity for companies to create "responsible supply chains" that provide benefits to both businesses and society. It identifies 31 proven supply chain practices that can help companies achieve "triple advantage" - commercial benefits as well as benefits to the environment and local economies. Implementing these practices could result in increased revenues and reduced costs for companies, as well as improved customer health, labor standards and reduced environmental impact. The practices are organized into a framework that companies can use to prioritize which practices would be most effective for their specific industry and situation. However, the concept of triple advantage has limitations, as human rights commitments should not be based solely on financial justification. The document calls for policies to support companies in optimizing across all three
This document discusses the need for companies to create responsible supply chains that provide benefits to both business and society. It outlines four core sustainability strategies that companies employ, from compliance-driven to more holistic approaches. Leading companies are pursuing a "triple advantage" through sustainability efforts - achieving benefits for profitability, society, and the environment simultaneously. Examples show potential revenue growth, cost reduction, brand improvement, and risk mitigation from triple advantage initiatives. The document advocates for companies to move towards holistic sustainability strategies and drive their journey to responsible supply chains that maximize shared value.
The document compares the supply chain designs of Coca Cola and Sony Ericsson. Coca Cola uses an economic model and relationship matrix to design its global supply chain. Sony Ericsson's design is based on principles of trust, information sharing, and continuous improvement. Both companies make strategic decisions in their supply chains, with Coca Cola using the HAPTIC model and Sony Ericsson using a six-step process. Customers play an important role in both supply chains by providing input for demand forecasting and requirements. Quality management is also crucial, with both companies evolving their roles to assure quality and delight customers.
Supply Chain Metrics That Matter: The Cash-to-Cash Cycle 30 NOV 2012Lora Cecere
When it comes to supply chain, no two industries are the same; but, improving Cash-to-Cash cycle (C2C) metrics matters across all industries. With over a decade of investment in technology and process improvements, we can now assess progress. In this report, we examine the financial data in three time frames:
2000-2003 Dawn of Business-to-Business (B2B) commerce and Global Connectivity
2004-2007 Pre-recession
2008-2011 Post-recession
The health of the supply chain can be quickly assessed through the analysis of the C2C metric. It is a composite metric that combines decisions on receivables, payables and inventory management. Overall, while supply chain leaders have focused on the reduction of C2C cycles, little progress has been made. For most, despite a decade of investments in channel connectivity and supply chain optimization, there is limited progress on receivables and inventory. Instead, we find that the most mature companies have turned to increasing Days of Payables in an effort to reduce C2C. This can be detrimental to the overall health of the supply chain.
Over the last fifteen years, the only industry that has shown dramatic and continuous improvement in reducing C2C cycles is high-tech and electronics. While there are slight improvements in consumer packaged goods (CPG) and chemical supply chains, the results in pharmaceutical and automotive are much worse. While many supply chain professionals may claim that the changes in the supply chain—offshoring of manufacturing, cost of capital, increasing product complexity and decreasing product life cycle—are reasons that there was not more progress, the interesting fact is that the industry that had the greatest obstacles made the most progress. The reason? We believe it mattered more in the high-tech industry. With short life cycles and declining margins over the course of the product life cycle, it is just too expensive for a high-tech company to neglect inventory management. As a result, the high-tech and electronics industry has developed better and more comprehensive planning processes overall.
In this report, we share insights on the trends in five industries: automotive, high-tech and electronics, chemical, CPG and pharmaceutical. The data supports three facts:
This document provides an overview of integrated supply chain management (ISCM) and recommendations for its implementation. It defines ISCM as coordinating the flow of goods, information, and funds from suppliers to customers. The document recommends using the Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) model to assess a company's supply chain, which breaks the supply chain into planning, sourcing, production, and delivery processes. It also outlines a three phase approach to implementing ISCM - concept, conversion, and execution phases - and the key activities involved in each phase, such as assessing opportunities, developing strategies and organizational structures, and translating strategies into actions.
Supply Chain Metrics That Matter: A Focus on the Consumer Products Industry 2...Lora Cecere
Supply Chain Metrics That Matter will be a series of reports published intermittently throughout the year by Supply Chain Insights LLC. Within the world of Supply Chain Management (SCM), each industry is unique. To help companies understand differences, each report is a deep dive on a different industry.
While we find it useful to understand the evolution of supply chain excellence by comparing industries, we feel that the true stories of supply chain excellence can only be really understood by comparing what happened within a period by peer group. The goal of this series is to share these insights. These reports are intended for you to read, share and use to improve your supply chain decisions.
The average Consumer Products (CP) company is stronger in the execution of supply chain management practices than their retail or pharmaceutical counterparts, but as companies will see in later reports, CP progress has not been equal to that of High-tech and Electronics manufacturers.
CP companies (including both consumer packaged goods (CPG) and food & beverage companies) tend to be marketing-driven. They are struggling to understand the differences between new market-driven, and their well-oiled marketing-driven, supply chains. With a strong legacy in building persuasive marketing programs, the companies have leveraged a global “one-size-fits-all” push-based supply chain strategy. These traditional supply chain management (SCM) definitions have produced supply chains that respond, but don’t sense. They are efficient, but not adaptive. They tend to be long (greater than twenty weeks) with waste pockets between nodes.
The landscape of the industry has been greatly affected by mergers and acquisitions. In the past decade, 57 companies were absorbed into ten. The industry is still digesting this change. While most companies have 150 unique systems, the manufacturers in this industry will often have five times the industry average. Getting to the right data to improve decision making continues to be a challenge.
THE AGILE SUPPLY CHAIN IN TURBULENT AND VOLATILE MARKETIAEME Publication
Agility is the fundamental characteristic of a supply chain needed for survival in turbulent and volatile markets, which are becoming normal, as product life cycles shorten and environmental forces create additional uncertainty resulting in higher risk in the supply chain management. Agility further helps in providing the right product, at the right time to the consumer, which is the main objective of any supply chain.
Being responsive is an increasingly important skill for firms in today's global economy; thus firms must be agile. Naturally, it follows that an organization's agility depends on its supply chain being agile. However, achieving supply chain agility is a function of other abilities within the organization, specifically supply chain flexibility and technology integration. The integration enables a firm to tap its supply chain flexibility which in turn results in higher supply chain agility and ultimately higher competitive business performance.
The document discusses sustainable supply chains and outlines key issues driving their adoption such as stakeholder pressure to reduce emissions and changing consumer expectations. It defines sustainable supply chains as managing environmental, social and economic impacts across the entire supply chain beyond a company's direct operations. The document notes sustainable supply chains can provide benefits like cost reductions, revenue growth and risk management. It presents a model for applying sustainability considerations within a supply chain optimization methodology.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Mr. Shan Senthil - global logistics trends & opportunitieskuwaitsupplychain
1) Global logistics management involves managing worldwide distribution, production, procurement, inventory and other aspects of a corporation's global supply chain.
2) Two critical concepts for effective global logistics are managing global supply chains and just-in-time production and delivery.
3) Logistics trends include companies outsourcing more logistics functions, forming new collaborative supply chain relationships, and increasing use of information technology.
Conquering the Supply Chain Effective FrontierLora Cecere
Conquering the Supply Chain Effective Frontier - A Handbook for the Value Chain Leader to Manage Trade-offs in Defining Supply Chain Excellence
Supply chain practices are nearing their third decade of maturation. The term supply chain excellence is bandied about by leaders, consultants and technology providers, but there is no alignment on what it means.
Conventional systems of measurement for supply chain excellence are problematic. In this report, we share insights gained during interviews with 75 supply chain pioneers. Based on their feedback we created a new framework, that we define here as the Supply Chain Effective Frontier, for supply chain leaders to use to determine supply chain excellence. This methodology is based on publicly available financial balance sheet data grouped into four sets of supply chain ratios: growth, profitability, cycle, and complexity.
We believe that supply chain excellence is best defined as the alignment of the supply chain team to deliver results to meet and exceed the requirements of the business strategy. This requires a clear vision and cross-functional coordination and alignment over a multi-year road map. It needs to be holistic. A supply chain is a complex system with increasing business complexity. The analysis needs to facilitate a clear understanding of trade-offs embedded in day-to-day decision making. It is this clarity that we find missing in many teams that we work with, and it is for this reason we wrote this report.
Is supply chain management important to implementAlexander Decker
This document discusses the importance of supply chain management (SCM) in manufacturing industries in Saudi Arabia. It begins with an introduction to SCM and its importance as a competitive strategy. It then reviews literature that has examined SCM tools and frameworks, core functions, strategies, and factors that affect SCM implementation. The document aims to study the existing SCM in Saudi Arabian industries, identify problematic areas, and propose performance measurement methods to monitor progress and enhance SCM.
Systematic Approach to Reduce Carbon Emission in The Wheat Supply ChainIRJET Journal
This document summarizes 10 research papers on green supply chain management (GSCM) and sustainable wheat supply chains. Key findings include:
1) GSCM aims to minimize environmental impacts by integrating environmental considerations into supply chain operations. This can be achieved through practices like green design, reverse logistics, and recycling.
2) Studies explored factors that influence adoption of GSCM practices in companies, finding regulatory pressure, customer demands, and competition play a role.
3) The wheat supply chain in India presents opportunities to improve efficiency and reduce environmental impacts by optimizing transportation and storage.
4) Future research opportunities exist in comparative studies across industries and countries, exploring theoretical foundations, and using data analytics to predict trends
The document discusses the collapse of MG Rover and analyzes the stakeholders involved and their responsibilities. It examines MG Rover's actions in terms of corporate social responsibility and determines that while it upheld some economic responsibilities, it failed to properly consider its ethical responsibilities to employees. It assesses the relative power of actors like MG Rover, the UK government, and foreign companies. Finally, it debates who should be responsible for preserving jobs after MG Rover's collapse and whether unemployment was an inevitable consequence of industrial restructuring.
1. Scientific Management Theory developed by Frederick Taylor focuses on finding the optimal way to structure tasks and allocate resources to maximize output.
2. Modernism views management as seeking universal truths to optimize resource utilization, while Postmodernism rejects the idea of universal principles and advocates diverse management approaches for different organizations and contexts.
3. Taylorism and Fordism both applied scientific principles to mass production, with Henry Ford innovating assembly lines and machine automation to reduce labor and increase efficiency in automobile manufacturing.
Figure 3 depicts the relationship between work groups and conflict. It shows that work groups can experience various types of conflict such as task conflict, relationship conflict, and process conflict. These conflicts arise due to differences in views, backgrounds, and approaches of work group members. While some level of conflict is inevitable in diverse work groups, effective conflict management is needed to ensure it does not negatively impact work group performance and productivity. Unresolved conflicts can damage relationships and undermine goal achievement if not addressed properly through negotiation and other conflict resolution techniques.
This document discusses work groups, teams, conflict, and negotiation in organizations. It begins by defining work groups and teams, discussing models of team development including Bruce Tuckman's four stage model of forming, storming, norming, and performing. It also examines Scott Peck's three phase model of group development. The document then defines conflict and negotiation, discussing models of conflict resolution through negotiation. It analyzes the relationship between work groups, teams, conflict, and negotiations and their impact on organizational culture.
This document provides an overview of selfies and their role in cross-cultural communication. It discusses how selfies have become popular on social media and how they allow people to represent themselves online. The document also examines selfies through the lens of media studies, discussing how selfies both innovate new forms of representation while also reasserting traditional photographic styles and aesthetics. Finally, the role of selfies in reinforcing relationships and documenting personal experiences in the digital age is considered.
The document evaluates the share price of A.G. Barr PLC through analyzing the company's capital structure, financial performance, and share valuation. It finds that A.G. Barr has a strong financial position with good profitability and liquidity. The share price valuation using the dividend discount model finds the company's current trading price is overvalued, though the method has limitations. Sensitivity analysis shows the forecasted share price is higher than the current market price. Overall, it is recommended to buy the company's shares.
This document summarizes research on the impact of brand preference on consumers in the UK. It discusses how brand preference reveals consumer attributes and influences purchase decisions. Traditional models of brand preference are uni-dimensional and focus on rational attributes, while newer concepts consider irrational attributes and the role of brand experiences in shaping preferences. The document also examines factors that influence brand preference like awareness, familiarity and pioneering brands having long-term advantages in the UK market. Local brands are more flexible than international brands in adapting to local needs.
This document provides an overview of employee training and development practices at Toyota. It discusses how Toyota places strong emphasis on continuous employee training and development, which helps improve employee skills, productivity and the company's sustainability. Toyota sees training and developing its workers as a valuable investment. The document also notes that research shows training positively impacts employee performance and a company's ability to achieve its goals. Overall, Toyota recognizes the importance of ongoing training and development for both retaining talented employees and ensuring the company's long-term success.
This document discusses employee training and development at Toyota. It finds that Toyota places strong emphasis on continuous training and development, seeing it as crucial to maintaining sustainability. Toyota invests heavily in various training programs for employees at all levels. This includes communication of Toyota's values and principles, leadership development, job-specific training, and opportunities for career growth. The extensive training and development, along with competitive rewards and benefits, help Toyota to engage and retain top talent. This strong focus on human capital is a core reason for Toyota's success and ability to consistently outperform competitors.
The document discusses operations management at British Airways. It evaluates various management tools like SWOT, PESTLE, and Porter's 5 Forces analyses regarding the airline. It also looks at British Airways' business resources including its technology, fleet, and financial position. Recommendations are provided to help British Airways improve its management of physical resources and overall operations.
The document discusses management at British Airways. It analyzes various management tools like SWOT, PESTLE and Porter's 5 Forces regarding the airline. It also evaluates British Airways' business resources including physical, financial and technological resources. Recommendations are provided.
The UN Political Declaration on non-communicable diseases identified common risk factors between oral diseases and other non-communicable diseases. It defined a global response and contained commitments around national leadership, early diagnosis and treatment, prevention, health systems improvement, research and development, and resourcing. Key commitments included establishing national non-communicable disease policies by 2013, implementing cost-effective interventions to reduce risk factors, and mobilizing financial resources to strengthen health systems and address non-communicable diseases.
This document presents a research proposal to study the security issues of cloud computing in the Malaysian health sector. It aims to identify challenges faced in adopting cloud computing for healthcare due to security risks. The literature review discusses benefits of cloud computing for healthcare and issues around data privacy and security. The methodology section outlines a mixed-methods approach, including surveys of healthcare professionals, to understand their experiences using cloud computing and identify problems. The results will analyze responses based on respondents' technology experience. Recommendations will aim to address key concerns to facilitate cloud computing adoption in the Malaysian health sector.
This document analyzes the relationship between surface roughness and diameter measurements of the large cylindrical feature of automobile connecting rods. It describes an experiment that measured the surface roughness and diameters of connecting rods from different materials using various instruments. The experiment aimed to understand how surface roughness characteristics impact the distribution of diameter measurements, and whether design and manufacturing factors influence both dimensions. Results were analyzed statistically to draw conclusions about relating feature dimensions and surface characteristics during design, manufacturing, and use.
Arghil 4 heritage and cultural tourism managementDeepak Chiripal
This document discusses cultural and heritage tourism in the UK. It provides background on cultural tourism in Europe and discusses some of the conflicts that can arise from heritage tourism, using the example of the Giant's Causeway in Northern Ireland. It then outlines some common services provided in cultural and heritage tourism, including place promotion, social districts focused on culture (like industrial, institutional, museum and metropolitan districts). Two prominent UK cultural institutions, the Victoria and Albert Museum and the Science Museum, are also summarized. The roles and responsibilities in the UK heritage industry are discussed, along with methods of interpretation used for tourists.
Subway began in 1965 and has grown to over 13,000 franchised stores worldwide. Conflicts often arise between franchisors and franchisees due to issues like perceived lack of support, non-compliance with systems, disputes over fees and profits, communication problems, and clashes between personalities. Effective conflict management, like clear communication and building trust, is important for the success of franchising relationships. Conducting thorough due diligence before becoming a franchisee can help avoid future conflicts.
This document discusses the organizational culture of General Electric (GE). It provides an overview of GE's business segments and operations globally. It then discusses models of organizational culture, focusing on Harrison's model which examines culture across four dimensions: power-oriented, role-oriented, achievement-oriented, and support-oriented. The document analyzes GE's culture in Singapore, noting its emphasis on risk-taking, integrity, and performance-based evaluation systems. It indicates GE's culture has evolved under new leadership to become more open while still stressing metrics and values.
This document discusses trends in leadership over time. It begins by looking at past models of leadership from the 20th century focused on situational and trait-based theories. More recent models in the past few decades have focused on transformational and instructional leadership. The document then examines current trends showing leadership as more distributed and collaborative. It discusses how future leadership will require adaptability, creativity, and drawing on personal values rather than following set rules. Leaders will need to motivate teams by connecting work to common goals and fostering responsibility. The conclusion discusses developing leadership over time through self-reflection and experiences that challenge one's self-concept.
The document provides details for starting a new fast food bistro called Makanan Terbaik Hollywood in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It will be inspired by Hollywood and serve popular American foods. The bistro will be located in the large Pavilion Kuala Lumpur shopping mall. Startup costs are estimated at $159,192 and will be financed by the owners. Market analysis shows demand for fast food is growing in Malaysia. A project schedule outlines the work plan and tasks to open the bistro on time.
This document discusses various topics related to critical thinking, SWOT analysis, social networking, ethics, and successful completion of a course. It provides examples and definitions for each topic. For critical thinking, it discusses making informed choices and differentiating options in life. For SWOT analysis, it provides an example self-analysis. For social networking, it discusses benefits and risks online. For ethics, it emphasizes removing bias and respecting diverse cultures. And for course completion, it reflects on skills developed like teamwork, communication, and open-mindedness.
1. FACTORS HELPING CORPORATE BUSINESSES
TO BECOME SUSTAINABLE IN SUPPLY CHAIN
LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT IN QATAR
2. Executive Summary
This paper looks at the factors influencing supply chain management in the country of Qatar.
In today’s fast moving and globalized economies, it has become imperative for organizations
to have strategic and comprehensively effective management tools at their disposal. A
sustainable supply chain management system covers all functional areas of management,
right from procurement of raw materials, to its production, it involves the marketing and
promotional activities of the company as well as ensuring effective and efficient delivery of
the finished product (or service) to the end user.
Qatar may be one of the smallest countries in the Gulf area. However, it is one of the fastest
growing. Qatar is looking to move away from its reliance on hydrocarbon and become a
knowledge based economy. It has recently been allotted to organize the 2022 FIFA World
Cup, which is a massive achievement for this small nation. However, the government and
other companies are having logistical problems in organizing this Global Event. The paper
takes a look at the problems in the supply chain system of Qatari companies. Research is
based on both primary as well as secondary sources. Secondary sources have given us a
strong albeit a limited view of the factors influencing supply chain management in Qatar.
However, the primary research has revealed all the limitations and provided us with a much
clearer picture. The paper attempts to derive suitable conclusions based on the research and
offer relevant recommendations based on the same.
3. Table of Contents
Executive Summary
1.1 Research Aim.......................................................................................................................4
1.2 Research Objectives.............................................................................................................4
1.3 Research Questions..............................................................................................................4
1.4 Data Collection ....................................................................................................................4
2.1 Introduction..........................................................................................................................5
2.2 Supply Chain Management:.................................................................................................6
2.3 Model for a sustainable supply chain management influenced by environmental practices:
....................................................................................................................................................7
2.4 Sustainability in Supply Chain Management:......................................................................7
2.5 Sustainable Supply Chain Management and Risk Management: ........................................8
2.6 Need for Sustainability in Qatar ..........................................................................................9
2.7 Sustainable Supply Chain Management and External Stake holders: ...............................12
2.8 Use and Role of Information Technology in SCM:...........................................................14
2.9 Factors contributing in Supply Chain Logistics.................................................................16
2.10 Recommendations............................................................................................................17
2.11 Summary..........................................................................................................................19
4.1 Survey Collection: .............................................................................................................20
4.2 Sampling: ...........................................................................................................................20
4.3 Data Sets: ...........................................................................................................................21
4.4 Research Schedule: ............................................................................................................22
4.5 Pilot Study:.........................................................................................................................22
5.1 Results of the Survey: ........................................................................................................23
4. 5.2 Analysis of the Survey:......................................................................................................33
6.1 Conclusions:.......................................................................................................................36
6.2 Recommendations:.............................................................................................................38
Appendix 1:......................................................................................................................49
Appendix 2: Survey Sheet ...............................................................................................50
5. 1. Research Methodology
1.1 Research Aim
The aim of this research will be to study the main factors that help the corporate businesses in
Qatar to bring sustainability in supply chain and logistics management.
1.2 Research Objectives
Understanding the nature of supply chain logistics industry in Qatar
Understanding the challenges present in the supply chain logistics industry in Qatar
restricting from sustainability adoption
Understanding the benefits of sustainability in supply chain logistics industry of Qatar
Analysing the main factors responsible for attaining sustainability in Qatar supply
chain logistics sector.
1.3 Research Question
What are the factors that help corporate businesses to become sustainable in supply chain
logistics management in Qatar?
Sub-Questions
Q 1: What are the methods that help in adoption of sustainability within the supply chain
logistics management organizations?
Q 2: What are those factors that influence the rate of sustainability adoption within the sector
of supply chain logistics management in Qatar?
Q 3: What are those main factors that help in attaining sustainability within the industry of
supply chain logistics management, Qatar?
1.4 Data Collection
6. Primary and Secondary data will be collected. Secondary data will be reflected through the
literature review of this report. The literature review in turn will be developed from diverse
journal articles, referenced sources, electronic journals, online libraries.
Primary data will be collected through data collection instruments such as questionnaires and
surveys which will focus on a group of participants. From the result of the data collection, the
recommendations and conclusions will be highlighted.
The participants will be inclusive of employees from supply chain logistics management
sector. The questionnaires will be based on the research objectives.
2. Literature Review
2.1 Introduction
For a number of years, organizations of all industries have been struggling for coming in
terms with the mounting challenges of the society, environment, ethics, and economy related
to the supply chains. As the industry of airlines is responsible for generation of carbon and
other sources of pollution, there has been an increase in the need for having sustainability in
the supply chain logistics as well. Considering the concept of sustainable supply chain, it is
referred to as the approach followed for the management of supply chain that seeks on
actively managing and minimising the negative impacts on the society, economy, or the
environment related to the goods and services being sourced (Carter & Rogers, 2008). This
has to be done in a manner to maximize the positive effect where there is a need for
feasibility.
The subjects of sustainable Supply Chain Management (SSCM) has gotten developing
consideration and turn into an undeniably prominent examination zone. A few methodologies
were proposed by various researchers for the execution of SSCM activities and additionally
characterizing the part of authoritative elements in the selection of natural advancements
focused around variables such as fluctuating prices for raw materials, changes in demand or
7. customer preferences etc. which may be distinguished through overview. Regardless of
diverse examination methodologies and studies with SSCM, the basic variables influencing
the execution and reception of SSCM is still at embryonic stage. (Carter & Rogers, 2008)
Then again, supply chain risk management in the effective execution and reception of SSCM
activities completely focus the manageable quality of such activities for proficiency and long
haul responsibilities.
Overseeing risk in the supply chain has never been as trying as it is today. As additional
organizations have outsourced creation to abroad areas, supply chain has been developed, the
quantity of hubs expanded, and the complexities of the systems have moved exponentially.
Besides, all the while with expanded demands on financial execution of the supply chain,
associations are currently considered in charge of the natural and social execution of their
suppliers and partners. Along these lines, to stay aggressive of supply chain, associations
concentrating on overseeing risk as well as also concerning numerous measurements (e.g.
natural and social issues) as an issues that need to be tended to for the maintainability of their
supply chains.
2.2 Supply Chain Management
The idea of Supply Chain Management is focused around two centre thoughts. The main is
that essentially every item that achieves an end client speaks to the total exertion of various
associations. These associations are alluded to by and large as the supply chain. (Handfield,
2011)
The second thought is that while supply chains have existed for quite a while, most
associations have just given careful consideration to what was occurring inside their "four
dividers." Few organizations saw, a great deal less dealt with, the whole chain of exercises
that eventually conveyed items to the last client. The result was disjointed and frequently
inadequate supply chains. (Handfield, 2011)
Supply chain management, then, is the dynamic management of supply chain exercises to
boost client esteem and accomplish a sustainable point of interest. It speaks to a cognizant
exertion by the supply chain firms to create and run supply chains in the best & effective
ways that could be available. Supply chain exercises spread everything from item
improvement, sourcing, creation, and logistics, and also the data frameworks expected to
organize these exercises. (Handfield, 2011)
8. The associations that make up the supply chain are "connected" together through physical
streams and data streams. Physical streams include the change, development, and capacity of
products and materials. They are the most noticeable bit of the supply chain. Anyway pretty
much as critical are data streams. Data streams permit the different supply chain partners to
arrange their long haul plans, and to control the everyday stream of products and material
here and there the supply chain. (Handfield, 2011)
2.3 Model for a sustainable supply chain management influenced by environmental
practices
The main features of a sustainable supply chain management which is influenced by
environmental practices include purchasing, manufacturing, distribution and reverse logistical
support in the value chain of the organization. [Appendix 1: (Sarkis, 2003)]. These
components are strategically important as it directly affects how the supply chain is
effectively managed. Reverse Logistical management is essentially the returning of products
as well as materials that can be recycled. Its requirements may vary, depending on the type of
organization or industry or even what the product may be. Hence it is quite likely that the
stakeholders in the company have a strategic role in the decision making process of the
organization, which may hinder the objectives for a sustainable supply. Green Supply Chain
is a relatively new issue any organization faces, but it is an important cog in the wheel for
them. (Boyd et al, 2007)
2.4 Sustainability in Supply Chain Management
The basic work of Supply Chain Management could be defined as ensuring the flow and
manufacturing of goods and services from the raw material stage to the finished goods stage,
in the hands of the consumer. (Seuring & Muller, 2008). With the operations of organizations
globally being transformed optimally, there is a need to include supply chain management in
not just a few specific facilities, but to introduce and apply it at all stages of production and
marketing. (Linton et al, 2007) Effective supply chain management must be incorporated
even in designing of the product, product manufacturing, determining the by-products that
can be used, and, also in determining the life cycle of the products and services in addition to
the core uses of the supply chain management. (Linton et al, 2007) This makes supply chain
management more effective as well as sustainable. Merging sustainability and logistics in
9. supply chain management are important as this will increase the degree of efficiency and
helps in the elimination of waste. This is not only important for improving the image of the
organization in the society and the economy, but it is also important as the concerns of
environment have a direct link with a number of different aspects in relation with supply
chain (Benn et al., 2005). Hence, the above-mentioned combination requires an enhanced set
of Supply Chain Management, which sustainable management systems can only meet, as they
value a total set of values, with respect to the environment, economy as well as fulfilling the
customer’s needs and wants. (Buyukozkan et al, 2008) With an objective to ascertain the
needs and requirements of a sustainable supply chain management, Goran Svensson (2007)
finds that:
“One aspect addressed is that first‐order supply chains of brand new clothing go beyond the
traditional point of consumption. Another aspect raised is that second‐ and n‐order supply
chains should be considered in business practices from the point of origin in the first‐order
supply chains in order to enhance corporate efforts of SSCM.” (Svensson, 2007, pp. 265-
266)
2.5 Sustainable Supply Chain Management and Risk Management
Risk is usually characterized as the instability of conceivable return, the idea of data shortfall
and the ability to acknowledge a potential misfortune when positive returns are normal. In
light of the conventional choice hypothesis, risk is characterized as the variety in the
dispersion of potential results, likelihood of event and subjective qualities. (Sekhari et al, n.d)
Associations are encountering fast supply chain development with decentralized supplier
base. Albeit expanded supplier situated in supply chain has made a difference associations in
picking up real cost focal point and piece of the overall industry yet it has brought about
additional shaky supply chain. Supply chains are helpless against different sorts of
interruptions created by unverifiable financial cycles, shopper demands, and regular and man-
made debacles. (Sekhari et al, n.d) Result of a shaky supply chain has expanded risks in
directing business operations and raises concerns on congruity of assembling or
administration conveyance operations. Supply chain risk management needs to be embraced
as best practice for supply chain administration to minimize affect on money related
10. methodology and productivity. The risk management points of view of Supply chain alludes
to the vulnerability or flighty occasion influencing one or a greater amount of the gatherings
inside the supply chain or its business settings, which can impact the accomplishment of the
business goals.
This has dependably been a critical issue in supply chain management. (Sekhari et al, n.d).
Distinctive writing consider chances in connection to supply lead time dependability, value
instability, and demand instability which prompt the requirement for security stock, inventory
pooling procedure, request part to suppliers, and different contract and supporting
methodologies. The supply chain risks could be as deferrals of materials from suppliers,
extensive gauge mistakes, framework breakdowns, limit issues, inventory issues, and
disturbances The grouping gave by Tang classified supply chain risks into operations and
interruptions risks. (Sekhari et al, n.d)On account of operations risks, instabilities natural in a
supply chain assumes more basic part, which incorporate demand, supply, and expense
vulnerabilities while interruption risks are those created by real common and man-made
debacles, for example, surge, quake, torrent, and major monetary emergency. The supply
chain risk points of view can be further isolated from the perspective of builds: (1) Sources of
Risk, (2) Consequences of Risk, (3) Drivers of Risk and (4) Alleviation Strategies of Risk.
(Sekhari et al, n.d)
2.6 Need for Sustainability in Qatar
Supply Chains are constantly interconnecting and emerging globally. Qatar should acquire
supply chain logistics program in order to minimize business risk that include status, safety
and standard of supply and legal disputes, create effective cost savings that require paying
attention on total life span costs when providing goods and services instead of simply pricing,
expand corporate/ brand status in the industry field, and managing transformation such as
innovation and growth of new products and services that are sustainable and socially
accountable (Benn et al., 2005).
For Qatar, the chief operator for fixing supply chain sustainability operation within their
acquiring task is to address an outlook of emerging risk within the supply chain. There are a
number of renowned examples of how this increasing exposure to risk within the supply
chain has happened in latest times (Beamon, 2008).
11. Although, in addition to the past examples, the basic features and factors that emerge risk
within the supply chain are growing and harming rapidly. The awareness that Qatar Airlines
are not safe to these factors has led the Qatar to review the suggestions for their own business
plans and also for their supply chains.
It might be stated by one that the airlines in the global market that are providing services with
flights of long duration will be having better quality in the services being provided by them in
comparison with the ones running on regional basis in the domestic front (Beamon, 2008).
The supply chain logistics are important for the service sectors in order to increase the level
of attention for helping to create understanding regarding the complexities and issues within
the supply chain of services. The organization of Qatar should be following sustainability in
supply chain logistics will help in providing better services in the quality of supplier not only
within the routes of region in the domestic front as well as the international front.
Recently, the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) announced that the
2022 FIFA World Cup would be held in Qatar. (FIFA, 1994-2014). Although it’s a massive
achievement for Qatar to bag this prestigious global event, it also presents Qatar with a great
number of logistical challenges, especially regarding the management of moving materials
and labour. The proper management of these would be a great challenge to Qatar. (EC
HARRIS, n.d). Early appraisal of the effect of logistical necessities demonstrates that as an
after effect of late interest in air and seaport foundation, there is sufficient cargo limit
arranged, in any case it is because of go ahead stream at distinctive times in connection to the
demand top and may not be arranged sufficiently to manage the high extent of mass
materials. (EC HARRIS, n.d) Also, conveyance courses inside Qatar and street connections
to Saudi Arabia can possibly make bottlenecks in the supply chain and conveyance
foundation. As construction profit expands, the demand for a huge number of extra workers
will get to be clear, so this issue ought to be considered from both a section visa viewpoint
and convenience and welfare viewpoint. On the off chance that the estimates for the scale of
construction in Qatar are right, the construction materials business sector could be $6 billion
to $9 billion through the following two to three years. (EC HARRIS, n.d) At these figures,
the foundation speculation in Qatar is liable to drive the demand for building construction
material businesses all through the Collaboration Council for the Arab States of the Gulf
(GCC) region. As Qatar has restricted mainly created assets other than hydrocarbons, most
construction materials other than concrete and rebar need to be foreign made. (EC HARRIS,
12. n.d) The EC Harris Built Asset Consultancy provides some key focus areas for Qatar to
overcome the above-mentioned problems, which are:
To ensure sureness of conveyance, a key methodology to supply chain management will be
fundamental. (EC HARRIS, n.d) Logistically, there will need to be a watchful equalization
between construction vehicles and general activity to keep away from gridlock in urban
regions. This is especially applicable remembering the level of interest in enhancing the
current streets themselves, making the probability of further disturbance. (EC HARRIS, n.d)
A method of centrally managed logistics will make the best utilization of transport assets –
also overseeing carbon outflows viably. (EC HARRIS, n.d) It is clear from the over that the
accessibility of key materials, for example, steel, reinforcing agents as well as cement will
form a composed methodology to supply chain and logistics issues at a national level to
maintain a strategic distance from neighbourhood rivalry for rare products driving inflation.
Procurement Category Management concentrating on particular sorts of materials and their
related supply chains will help to convey this general management schema. (EC HARRIS,
n.d)
Despite the fact that the worldwide monetary emergency has implied that materials, plant and
hardware are currently all the more broadly accessible, cautious arranging will be obliged to
permit the supply chain to ramp up with sureness - be it in the sourcing and procurement of
plant and materials or the construction of new offices in Qatar to meet the extra demand.
As it is clear that the quantum of work that will be needed to take care of the anticipated
demand does not right now exist in Qatar, it is of discriminating criticalness that watchful
thought is given in connection to the areas, scale and welfare nature of work camps. (EC
HARRIS, n.d) To combat extra logistical and set up expenses it would be gainful for a Qatar
wide answer for be set up and that these offices be implicit development of the demand. Two
different methods for alleviating this effect would, firstly, be the more extensive utilization of
nearby or reused substance inside construction is a method for easing the demand for
transported in materials, for example, totals for cement, bitumen for black-top and scrap
metal for steel. (EC HARRIS, n.d) Also, limit burdens could be smoothed through composed
forward purchasing of generally standard and simple to store material, for example, total. (EC
HARRIS, n.d)
In numerous markets, obtainment techniques are advancing to allot risk components all the
more equally over all construction stakeholders and are advancing towards more shared, non-
13. antagonistic methods for working. The 2012 Olympics in London was an outstanding case of
this methodology. Particularly in businesses where "boom" conditions apply, to relieve
money related risk, altered value irregularity aggregate contracts are consistently supplanted
by those agreement acquired on a best esteem guideline to convey a high quality, savvy
conspire through an open book approach. These can include the customer tackling a more
prominent level of risk – though without needing to pay a premium for the risk exchange.
There are numerous approaches to breaking point the Clients' introduction to cost
overwhelm/heightening in such contract game plans. Certain parts of the agreement, for
example, the Main Builders Fee, can be ring-fenced to guarantee that for any expense over
runs on materials, and sub-contract recompense bundles no extra stamp up is paid.
Fundamental Contractors Preliminaries can be altered for the program term, restricting the
Client to acceleration on staff rates, plant and so forth as all rates are altered for the span.
Fluctuating costs can also be focused around concurred records, for example, merchandise
value arrangement – making the potential for the customer to support risks on money related
markets. National system prioritization and booking
2.7 Sustainable Supply Chain Management and External Stake holders
2.7.1 Authoritative execution
Execution is a measure for surveying the degree of an enterprise's target accomplishment
(Daft, 1995 cited by (Chien & Shih, 2007)). Enterprises receiving GSCM practices may
create natural and business exhibitions (Walton, et al., 1998; Zhu and Cote, 2004 cited by
(Chien & Shih, 2007)). A green supply chain, for illustration, can enhance ecological
execution (diminishing waste and emanations and expanding
natural responsibility) and aggressiveness (enhancing item quality, expanding productivity,
improving profit and cutting expense), in this way further influencing financial execution
(new showcasing opportunities and expanding item value, net revenue, piece of the overall
industry and deal volume; Purba, 2002 cited by (Chien & Shih, 2007)). Concurring to
Walton, et al. (1998), Zhu and Cote (2004) and Purba (2002 cited by (Chien & Shih, 2007)),
and in addition different specialists, authoritative execution is considered to incorporate
natural and money related execution.
2.7.2 Environmental execution
14. “Environmental concerns are intricately linked to various aspects of the supply chain.
Awareness of such concerns is reflected in the contemporary business environment and in
government legislation.” (So et al, n.d, p. 1)
Environmental execution is characterized as the environmental effect that the partnership's
movement has on the characteristic milieu (Sharma and Vredenburg, 1998 cited by (Chien &
Shih, 2007)). Environmental execution pointers comprises of OPI (agent execution markers)
and MPI (management execution markers): OPI are connected primarily to materials'
utilization, vitality management, waste and discharge creation, and assessment of genuine
ecological parts of associations, though MPI chiefly concerns the organization's endeavors,
measures, and commitment to the generally association's ecological management
(Papadopoulos and Giama, 2007 cited by (Chien & Shih, 2007)). GSCM pushes more than
simply progressing ecological execution; the usage of green supply chain management can
guarantee that the organization itself and its suppliers adjust to ecological regulations. Viable
management of suppliers can lessen exchange costs and advance reusing and reuse of crude
materials. Also, the creation of waste and unsafe substances can be cut, keeping partnerships
from being fined as a consequence of damaging ecological regulations. Hence, the significant
handling and operational expense included can be further lessened and, meanwhile, the
proficiency of utilizing assets can be upgraded (Sarkis, 2003). Besides, embracing a
sustainable methodology can deliver less waste and utilize more reused material,
consequently utilizing vitality, water and by-items in a more productive way (Tsoulfas and
Pappis, 2006 cited by (Chien & Shih, 2007)). Considering the above two points, we can
derive two measurement principles: management performance (ecological strategies and
measures, the support rate of the management framework, and the change in group relations
and organization picture) and operational performance (the execution in utilizing
vitality/assets, the lessening of outflow, and waste transfer).
2.7.3 Financial Execution
Ecological assurance exercises can have a positive impact on an organization's budgetary
execution. GSCM can cut the expense of materials acquiring and vitality utilization, diminish
the expense of waste treatment and release, and evade a fine on account of natural mischance
(Zhu and Sarkis, 2004 cited by (Chien & Shih, 2007)). A sustainable methodology can
prompt inward cost sparing, open new markets and discover helpful uses for waste (Tsoulfas
15. and Pappis, 2006 cited by (Chien & Shih, 2007)). Natural kindness has a positive impact on
budgetary execution (for instance, development in benefits, deals and piece of the overall
industry) (Fuentes-Fuentes, et al., 2004 cited by (Chien & Shih, 2007)). Budgetary execution
is characterized here as expense decrease, market offer development and benefit increment.
2.8 Use and Role of Information Technology in SCM
The research by Auramo et al, (n.d) addresses the operations of small scale supply chains. For
illustration, Gavirneni et al. (1999), Lee et al. (2000) and Raghunathan (2001) have
considered two echelon supply chains with one item, while the model of Evans et al. (1993)
comprises of four echelons. These studies have discovered that normally the offering of
demand data in supply chains builds the execution of the supply chain by expanding
accessibility and lessening inventory related expenses (Evans et al., 1993; Gavirneni et al.,
1999; Cachon and Fisher, 2000; Lee et al., 2000 cited by (Auramo et al, n.d)). The profits of
data imparting have been proposed to rely on upon the consistency of demand. For instance,
Cachon and Fisher (2000) suspect that data imparting can have an altogether more
noteworthy esteem in circumstances with obscure demand, for instance, early offers of new
items or advancement circumstances. Also Raghunathan (2001) has proposed data imparting
to be less gainful in circumstances where demand is unsurprising, and where past demand can
be utilized to structure a sensibly exact demand gauges. Also, Cachon and Fisher (2000) have
recommended that the profits of IT utilize are all the more because of the positive impacts of
IT on exchange handling effectiveness conceivably prompting shorter lead times and littler
bunch sizes than to offering of inventory and demand data. Evans et al. (1993), thusly, keep
up that the encouraging of real demand data forward in the supply chain gives more
prominent profits than lead time decreases. To finish up, while concentrating on the impacts
of the data offering between supply chain partners, the explanatory and displaying stream of
exploration does not talk about the real method for data offering. Accordingly, these studies
don't straightforwardly examine the utilization of IT for data imparting between supply chain
partners. Regardless, these studies are pertinent for our study as the imparting of arranging
data obviously is one the reasons for which IT can be used in SCM. (Auramo et al, n.d)
Two streams of observational studies on the utilization of IT in SCM can be recognized.
(Auramo et al, n.d) The principal stream concentrates on a particular innovation or
application zone, and the second stream mulls over the application and profits of IT all in all.
In the exploration concentrating on particular advances or application regions, there exists a
16. different collection of examination on the selection variables and effect of Electronic Data
Interchange (EDI) . For case cost cutting, goals (Mukhopadhyay et al., 1995 cited by
(Auramo et al, n.d)) and volume of exchanges between supply chain partners (Tuunainen,
1998 cited by (Auramo et al, n.d)) have been connected with the appropriation of EDI joins.
Further, for instance, the utilization of Extended Markup Language (XML) for supply chain
incorporation has been mulled over (Nurmilaakso et al., 2002 cited by (Auramo et al, n.d)).
With respect to research concentrating on particular application zones, for instance, the
following frameworks and their criticalness for the 4 productive coordination of logistics
streams have been generally contemplated (Harris, 1999; Stefansson and Tilanus, 2001; Ala-
Risku et al., 2003; Kärkkäinen et al., 2003 cited by (Auramo et al, n.d)). As indicated by this
assemblage of writing, following is required particularly in circumstances with in-travel
union, and in venture situated organizations. These following studies, in any case, are not
exactly established and hence, don't uncover how following frameworks and following data is
really used by organizations. As contrasted with the examination concentrating on particular
innovations or application regions, research on the utilization and profits of IT in SCM
without the concentrate on particular innovation is less in number. The examination on the
profits of the utilization of IT in SCM incorporates various studies examining the effect of IT
on supply chain reconciliation, client mix and administration (Closs and Savitskie, 2003 cited
by (Auramo et al, n.d)), supply chain time execution (Jayaram et al., 2000 cited by (Auramo
et al, n.d)), monetary execution, or a mix of these (Vickery et al., 2003 cited by (Auramo et
al, n.d)). Then, Auramo et al. (2005) performed an exploratory various research endeavor on
the profits of IT in SCM, and Mclaren et al. (2004) directed a various detailed analysis on
how diverse SCM IS capacities help diverse operations situations. Then again, regular to
these studies is that while serving to survey and understand the estimation of IT utilize and
reconciliation for SCM, they don't help in deciding how organizations really utilize IT as a
part of SCM.
There are some few grouping structures that depict how IT is utilized for SCM as a part of the
past writing. Bagchi and Skjoett-Larsen (2002) inspect the part of IT and hierarchical
incorporation in supply chain joining and propose an IT reconciliation way from low, through
medium, to high coordination. Themistocleous et al. (2004), thus, utilize the scale of low,
medium, to high to depict the integration of distinctive IT plan B. The centering of these
studies being on evaluating the levels of supply chain incorporation, they don't depict how IT
is really utilized for SCM purposes. In the mean time, in their examination, Kauremaa et al.
17. (2004) have concentrated on the ways organizations use IT in SCM and decide to arrange the
utilization of IT in SCM to exchange execution and data offering. (Auramo et al, n.d) Taking
into account the uncommonness of utilizing IT for data offering among their example of
organizations considered, they guess that the drivers and essentials of utilizing IT in exchange
execution and in data imparting contrast, and that the profits of IT in exchange execution are
less demanding to measure. Besides, they assume that organizations use IT for exchange
execution in circumstances with high exchange volumes and stable business connections,
while IT is utilized for data imparting particularly as a part of situations with demand
vulnerability and continuous item presentations. (Auramo et al, n.d)
2.9 Factors contributing in Supply Chain Logistics
The consequences and impacts of imperative and climate change for the enactment of
transition for sustainability, operational practices with low carbon are relevant factors to be
considered in the logistics of supply chain (Benn et al., 2005). The sustainability helps in the
representation of the balanced utilization of capital related to economy, society and nature for
enabling continuous wellbeing within the companies, the entire globe and the generations to
come in the future.
Corporate sustainability helps the enterprises and the counterparts of supply chain with the
initiatives related to systematic methods for the reduction of energy and the wastes of
environment, cutting out unwanted materials and the overheads of regulation, and the
generation of improved flow of cash (Carter & Rogers, 2008). All of these factors are
important for the downturn of economy and weak margins of profit. Sustainability in supply
chain logistics should be considered as an innovation of business that helps in representing
the new changes or ideas in the present practices. In a potential manner, this helps in bringing
radical improvements for the existence of operations.
Moreover, adoption of new ideas for innovation has a major impact on a number of different
aspects related to supply chain management (Beamon, 2008). These new ideas of innovation
that affect the supply chain logistics with sustainability are the new methods of management,
the production systems related to state- of- the- art, or the emergence of new technology that
affect the policies of supply, operations of manufacturing, stock and the management of item
as well as the distribution.
18. The achievement of this can be done by better coordination related to the utilization of
resources in the logistics of supply chain that include facilities, people, finance, and systems
(Beamon, 2005). There are a number of challenges faced in building the sustainable and
prosperous supply chain logistics that help to underpin through the low carbon acceptability
and emissions of other pollutants that needs extensive forms of research, the collaborations of
network and the remarkable innovation.
In respect to sustainable supply chains, Qatar Airlines pursue clean techniques of production,
reduction of the environmental impression of goods and services, and integrating
environmentally favourable decisions with productive supply chain applications. Hence the
term ‘corporate sustainability’ incorporates more than the physical environmental elements
linked in order to preserve a sustainable organization. The execution of sustainability in a
manufacturing supply chain involves the following major components (Beamon, 2005):
(i) Process development is to lead new processes and refinement to meet fluctuating market
and customer’s needs on sustainability.
(ii) Clean production includes reduction of waste, recycling waste products, retrieve products
after usage, and minimizing pollution.
(iii) Loop system manufacturing, where a product is generated by renewable energy with no
harmful residue or waste.
(iv)Planning, executing and commanding on the flow of material, finished products and
associated information to recover value and correct disposal.
(v) Sustainable acquirement leads to procure goods and services with lower influence on the
environment rather than other products or services delivering identical performance
requirements.
(vi) Life Cycle Management (LCM) governs the environmental capacity and features linked
with a product, operation, or service, from the point of collection of raw materials to
production, transport, customer use and disposal, which basically illustrate start to end
lifespan of a product, process or service.
2.10 Recommendations
The adoption of new ideas being done by the firms, even when the advantages can be seen in
an obvious manner, can often be extremely difficult, as firms will be having different
19. objectives of value and no alignment in the operational processes, even if they seem to be
close partners of trade (Beamon, 2009). A number of innovations need a lengthy duration to
adopt a number of duration, from the duration in which there is availability towards the
duration where there is wide adoption.
In a mere sense, sustainability is not an issue of inter-organizations, but has also been
considered as the protocol of supply chain logistics that have the nature of being business to
business, being encountered for enabling to contribute for the creation of an economy
emitting low carbon. Therefore, the corporates have realized that there is a need for enabling
sustainability in a number of different logistics of supply chain. Although, in addition to the
past examples, the basic features and factors that emerge risk within the supply chain are
growing and harming rapidly (Beamon, 2009). The awareness that Qatar Airlines are not safe
to these factors has led the Qatar to review the suggestions for their own business plans and
also for their supply chains.
The adoption of sustainability in supply chain logistics must be done in a manner that it is
being considered as an innovation for the organization. Implementation of sustainability
should be done in the logistics of supply chain that results in bringing radical change not only
to manufacture operations along with several other regions like the selection and coordination
of supplier that might be including the implementation of related to information systems in a
number of units of business as well as re-engineering related to time to time activities for all
members of staff (Benn et al., 2005). The profound effect may result in helping the
manufacturers for seeking the reinforcement of their decision to adopt.
The issue The FIFA World Cup™ in 2022 offers a 'hard stop' due date for huge numbers of
Qatar's undertakings which implies that there is constrained space for system smoothing of
key undertakings. To be sure, numerous undertakings will require to be set up certainly
before 2022.
Whilst some significant tasks may need to be re-perused alternately conceded until after the
competition, a more extensive re-timing activity will need to occur in place to move as much
construction far from the foreseen crest construction period and into the post-competition
construction period. This movement would require project arranging coordination between all
the key open and private engineers and a centralisation of choice making identified with
project interdependencies and timings. With such an expansive pipeline of construction, a key
stipulation will be both the limit and the capacity of the current supply chain.
20. For the MENA region, nations' and in addition its carriers' supply alongside outstanding
economical practices, would build the demand for logistics and encourage better framework
and more noteworthy effectiveness. In truthfulness and reasonableness, an association with
tasteful natural neighbourly SC will make goodwill for brands and fortify the long haul
association with clients and the nearby individuals. Besides it serves the neighbourhoods
better place in which the business works in by emulating reasons;
Promoting eco procurements.
Enforcing socially capable suppliers
Encouraging differing qualities and different practices all through
2.11 Summary
The reversal of decision can be done there is exposure of management to the messages in
conflict regarding sustainability. For supporting the manufacturers to make adequate decision
in the entire process of decision, behaving as a framework that can be adopted by the
organization. These types of practices in sustainability within the supply chain of
manufacturers can be proposed on the basis of theory related to diffusion of innovation in the
dimensions of time (Carter & Rogers, 2008). Qatar should acquire supply chain logistics
program in order to minimize business risk that include status, safety and standard of supply
and legal disputes, create effective cost savings that require paying attention on total life span
costs when providing goods and services instead of simply pricing, expand corporate/ brand
status in the industry field, and managing transformation such as innovation and growth of
new products and services that are sustainable and socially accountable. Whilst the volume of
creation may not have a critical effect regarding the general coming about expansion figure,
there are essential benefits that could facilitate a percentage of the limited limit issues, for
example, the foundation of more creation and get together ability, procurement of pro
specialized administrations and the without a moment to spare gathering of higher worth
plant and equipment.
3. Limitations in the Research
The Literature available for the purpose of this research is extremely limited; hence primary
research based on the above methodology has been conducted. However, the main limitation
lies in generalization based on a given sample. As mentioned earlier, there are little literatures
to support the research question. Here lies the novelty of the research. Numerical ratings have
21. a sense of objectivity that could be misleading. Inexorably, distinctive individuals who look
at the same data collection will once in a while concoct diverse ratings. This is particularly
genuine when evaluating a collection's research value, where individual interests or a bias
most effortlessly becomes an integral factor. Thus, it becomes paramount to have an
understanding in distinctive ranges of information, be acquainted with more extensive trends
in chronicled research, and figure out how to set aside their preferences and aversions
however much as could be expected. They're not completely objective, yet they do give a
predictable measuring stick and shorthand for comparing distinctive collections.
4. Methodology
A mixed method has been used for the research. Examples from secondary sources have been
drawn as a part of the literature review. Primary survey is used for the purpose.
4.1 Survey Collection
The report has been prepared considering a questionnaire that is self-reported. Here the
notion of self-reported is related to the fact that the questionnaire has been verified from the
person who has created the questionnaire through the success of the data collection and
analysis. The type of questionnaire which is considered in this research has both open-ended
and close-ended questions. For the purpose of this research, we asked thirty professionals in
various corporations across the country of Qatar to give their opinions on the supply chain
management in the country.
4.2 Sampling
Sampling is referred to the way subjects have been chosen to participate for the purpose of
the survey. The techniques of sampling are vital in research as they form the core of the way
22. data is collected and have a big impact on the results or analysis. (Fos & Fine, 2000). The
sample is as follows:
Industry
No. of
Respondents
Construction Industry 5
Airline Industry 3
Manufacturing Industry 4
Oil Industry 9
Government employees 9
It is important to note here that 60% of the respondents have been chosen from the Oil sector
and Government employees combined, as we believe oil to be the biggest industry in Qatar
and government employees to be part of the strategic decision making process that may help
or hinder supply chain management in organizations in Qatar. Other important sectors like
Airline, Construction and Manufacturing too had respondents chosen from them, in order to
diversify the responses, and assess an impact of various sectors.
4.3 Data Sets
Ordinal Data: These are data that can be put in an order, but don’t have a numerical meaning
beyond the order. Examples: Questionnaire responses coded: Very unlikely, Unlikely,
Neutral, Likely and Very Likely (expressing the probability of a certain situation being
present now or in the future as per the respondent). Some questions are based on one or more
choices. Each choice there can hence have a maximum of 30 yes or nos. If the choice has
more than 15 yes, it may strongly point in the direction of that certain choice and hence
become very relevant and influencing. Choices with more than 20 responses are certainly
influential and choice with less than 10 responses may not be that influential.
23. 4.4 Research Schedule
Secondary research has been carried out with the help of various journal articles, white
papers, other relevant theses, and electronic sources such as websites. The total number of
days spent in completing the secondary research or literature review was 12 days.
Simultaneously, primary research was carried out in between, with the total number of days
spent on the primary research being 21 days. A further 3 days were spent on reviewing the
entire paper and providing relevant conclusions and recommendations. The primary research
was the biggest challenge, as finding suitable respondents in Qatar was an envious task.
4.5 Pilot Study
A pilot study was conducted prior to the interviews and survey with the actual professionals
in the Supply Chain Management industry as well as key employees in various organizations
in Qatar. In this case, five friends of mine, all of whom work for various Multi-National
Corporations across the globe (including one in UAE) helped me by taking the survey online
at http://freeonlinesurveys.com/s.asp?sid=33v96iz9itd9yau594895.
They provided valuable feedback to me, which has helped me modify some of the questions
and give more attention to the use of Supply Chain Management in Organizations. Having
had the experience of usage of Supply Chain Management in an interactive organization, I
was open to their feedback, and formed my own conclusions regarding the usage of Supply
Chain Management.
5. Results and Analysis
As mentioned earlier, a total of thirty respondents have answered the questionnaire, from
various organizations and various management functional areas. While complete unison has
rarely been achieved in any question, some of the answers are extremely indicative of the
supply chain management scenario in Qatar at the moment. With the FIFA World Cup
24. looming large at their heads (in 2022) the figures reveal a story that calls for a more co-
ordinated effort towards achieving organizational harmony.
5.1 Results of the Survey
Question 1: How likely are you to find a Supply Chain Management expert in your
organization?
Very
Unlikely
Unlikely Neutral Likely Very
Likely
9 11 4 3 3
20 out of the 30 respondents agreed that it was highly unlikely or at least unlikely to find an
expert on supply chain management in their organization, with 4 not being sure and only 6
agreeing that it was either likely or very likely to find experts in the supply chain
management in their organizations.
Question 2: Availability of Skilled Personnel
6 Skilled Personnel are abundantly available
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
How likely are you to find a Supply Chain
Management expert in your organization?
Very Unlikely
Unlikely
Neutral
Likely
#REF!
25. 8 Skilled Personnel are rarely available
16 Skilled Personnel are hardly available
Question 3: What is the quality of human resource available to your organization?
1 World Class resources available
8 Adequate quality resources not freely available
21 Resources available at a premium or internationally
0 5 10 15 20
Availability of Skilled
Personnel
Skilled Personnel are
hardly available
Skilled Personnel are
rarely available
Skilled Personnel are
abundantly available
0 10 20 30
What is the quality of
human resource available
to your organization?
Resources available at a
premium or
internationally
Adequate quality
resources not freely
available
World Class resources
available
26. The quality of resources available across various organizations, as opined by the respondents,
shows that only one respondent agreed to having world class resources available to them,
whereas, 8 respondents said that adequate resources were not freely available and 21
respondents said that the resources may be available internationally, but, it came with a
premium cost attached to it.
Question 4: Major Supply Chain management hindrances (Choose one or more)
22 Fluctuating transportation rates owing to transporting limit requirements
19 Unsteady government standards and regulations
11
Conflict in understanding of exchange related principles & regulation crosswise over GCC
nations
18 Cross fringe transportation in GCC
27 Constrained days of storage spaces allowed at ports
19 Accessibility of talented staff
11 Transportation of products between free zone and non free zone territories
9 Port/ Airport foundation
13 Ground level difficulties (like adequate parking facilities at prime areas)
11 Constrained accessibility of neighbourhood supplier(s)
17 Constrained perception in our supply chain
19 Inaccessibility of industry level information to benchmark our supply chain execution
27. When asked to list some of the major hindrances in a sustainable supply chain management
for their organizations, the respondents touched upon various issues in their organization,
which were:
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Major Supply Chain management hindrances (Choose
one or more)
Fluctuating transportation rates owing to
transporting limit requirements
Unsteady government standards and
regulations
Conflict in understanding of exchange
related principles & regulation crosswise
over GCC nations
Cross fringe transportation in GCC
Constrained days of storage spaces
allowed at ports
Accessibility of talented staff
Transportation of products between free
zone and non free zone territories
Port/ Airport foundation
Ground level difficulties (like adequate
parking facilities at prime areas)
Constrained accessibility of neighborhood
supplier(s)
Constrained perception in our supply chain
Inaccessibility of industry level information
to benchmark our supply chain execution
28. Fluctuating transportation rates owing to transporting limit requirements
Unsteady government standards and regulations
Conflict in understanding of exchange related principles & regulation crosswise over
GCC nations
Cross fringe transportation in GCC
Accessibility of talented staff
Transportation of products between free zone and non-free zone territories
Port/ Airport foundation
Ground level difficulties (like adequate parking facilities at prime areas)
Constrained perception in our supply chain
Inaccessibility of industry level information to benchmark our supply chain execution
A majority of the respondents said the above-mentioned hindrances directly affected their
organization into implementing a sustainable supply chain.
Question 5: Primary Supply Chain Management objectives of your organization
30 Enhancing administration levels to clients
22 Expanding operational productivity & enhancing supply chain execution
21 Adjusting supply chain to the business technique
22 Enhancing supply chain adaptability, & responsiveness
10 Incorporating supply chain management with IT frameworks
7 Enhancing supply chain risk management
29. All the respondents agreed that the primary objective of their organizations supply chain was
to enhance administration levels to the clients, while 22 and 21 respondents agreed that it was
also Expanding operational productivity & enhancing supply chain execution and Adjusting
supply chain to the business technique respectively. Moreover, 22, 10 and 7 respondents
suggested that the main objectives also included Enhancing supply chain adaptability, &
responsiveness, Incorporating supply chain management with IT frameworks and Enhancing
supply chain risk management each.
Question 6: What are the Operational objectives in Supply Chain Management of your
organization?
28 Minimizing general supply chain costs
22 Deciding better sourcing areas/suppliers
29 Fortifying demand arranging and estimating capacities
27 Enhancing inbound/outbound transportation
19 Distribution centre streamlining
21 Creating cooperation among supply chain partners
20 Diminishing interest in stock
0 10 20 30
Primary Supply Chain
Management objectives of
your organization
Enhancing supply chain hazard
management
Incorporating supply chain
management with IT
frameworks
Enhancing supply chain
adaptability, & responsiveness
Adjusting supply chain to the
business technique
Expanding operational
productivity & enhancing supply
chain execution
Enhancing administration levels
to clients
30. 11 Dealing with the expanded supply chain prerequisites because of business development
12 Aptitudes preparing and training for supply chain particular abilities
19 Expanding time span of usability accessibility/lessening out-of-stocks
25 Outsourcing exercises to oversee cost/profit
4 Shortening our Supply Chain (more neighbourhood substance)
The respondents listed various objectives of the organizations supply chain management,
which were:
Minimizing general supply chain costs
Deciding better sourcing areas/suppliers
Fortifying demand arranging and estimating capacities
Enhancing inbound/outbound transportation
Distribution center streamlining
Creating cooperation among supply chain partners
Diminishing interest in stock
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
1
Shortening our Supply Chain (more
neighborhood substance)
Outsourcing exercises to oversee
cost/profit
Expanding time span of usability
accessibility/lessening out-of-
stocks
Aptitudes preparing and training
for supply chain particular abilities
Dealing with the expanded supply
chain prerequisites because of
business development
Diminishing interest in stock
Creating cooperation among supply
chain accomplices
Distribution center streamlining
Enhancing inbound/outbound
transportation
Fortifying demand arranging and
estimating capacities
Deciding better sourcing
areas/suppliers
31. Dealing with the expanded supply chain prerequisites because of business
development
Aptitudes preparing and training for supply chain particular abilities
Expanding time span of usability accessibility/lessening out-of-stocks
Outsourcing exercises to oversee cost/profit
Shortening our Supply Chain (more neighbourhood substance)
Question 7: Major Constraints in your organizations Supply chain Management
11 Restricted arranging, anticipating and planning abilities
21 Our capacity to contract & hold gifted staff
22 Dealing with the expanded volume/ inefficiencies in our supply chain
11 Incorporating our IT framework
22 Overseeing venture into new markets/ new items
22 Restricted abilities of existing IT framework
19 Discovering suitable outsourcing partner(s)
2 No restricted coordinated effort among the supply chain partner(s)
26 Overseeing reverse logistics
Some of the major constraints in the organizations Supply Chain were identified as
capacity to contract & hold gifted staff
Dealing with the expanded volume/ inefficiencies in our supply chain
Overseeing venture into new markets/ new items
Restricted abilities of existing IT framework
Discovering suitable outsourcing partner(s)
Overseeing reverse logistics
32. Question 8: What is the understanding and (or) implementation of Supply Chain
Management in your organization?
3 Extremely incorporated with other management areas
19 Getting there/being planned and will see future results
8 Very Basic with little scope of improvement in the future
Most of the respondents believed that their organizations are developing a good supply chain
management system in place and will be ready for future challenges.
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
1
Overseeing reverse logistics
No restricted coordinated effort among
the supply chain partner(s)
Discovering suitable outsourcing
partner(s)
Restricted abilities of existing IT
framework
Overseeing venture into new markets/
new items
Incorporating our IT framework
Dealing with the expanded volume/
inefficiencies in our supply chain
Our capacity to contract & hold gifted
staff
Restricted arranging, anticipating and
planning abilities
33. Open Ended Question which called for opinions on how to improve the supply chain
management in their organizations.
A lot of the respondents (majority, around 80%) opined that integrating technology was the
best way to improve the supply chain difficulties in their organizations. They also added that
to stay aggressive all around and stay on the front line of a complex business world, more
organizations are consolidating innovation into their supply chain management frameworks
today. Lately, purchasers have ended up progressively demanding, setting their desires high
in terms of value and administration. In the meantime, supply chain administrators now
understand that the most recent engineering can help them guarantee better responsibility and
perceptibility, permitting them to keep up tight control and stay in front of the pack. Today's
innovation has broad capacity with regards to staying with a' company's production on track,
foreseeing and repairing slip-ups, and making alterations that ensure a top-quality item. Each
connection in the supply chain can be observed at the same time, and mechanized notice
frameworks are particularly profitable for sending a solitary message to numerous players
through a mixed bag of media channels. Mechanized sending and following, and electronic
invoicing, are also centre parts of a cutting edge supply chain management framework that is
intended to keep clients fulfilled. The blossoming cluster of supply chain-related applications
and peculiarities for Smart gadgets (such as phones, Tablets and even Televisions) and other
cell phones is adding huge convey-ability to supply chain management. With their durable
0
5
10
15
20
What is the understanding and
(or) implementation of Supply
Chain Management in your
organization?
Extremely incorporated
with other management
areas
Getting there/being
planned and will see
future results
Very Basic with little
scope of improvement in
the future
34. battery life, console capacities, standardized identification filtering, top notch computerized
cams and discourse distinguishable characteristics, tablet machines and advanced cells give
fantastic usefulness to stockroom operations. This is particularly valid for handheld gadgets
that have been "ruggedized," or particularly intended to withstand unforgiving situations and
potential harm from being dropped or blasted. The versatility, adaptability and comfort of
remote gadgets mean supply chain supervisors can facilitate forms at each connection in the
chain, paying little mind to their physical area. Furthermore, workers, merchants and other
supply chain partners can assume dynamic parts in guaranteeing proficiency for instance;
truck drivers can utilize GPS-prepared gadgets to promptly report transportation catches that
may upset techniques further along the supply chain. Programming projects and distributed
computing have enormously upgraded the following of materials and items, with continuous
announcements accessible at the touch of a catch. They also permit organizations to modify
creation timetables and inventory levels on the fly.
5.2 Analysis of the Survey
Increased competition and the fluctuating demand for items and administrations are the main
two business requirements referred to by respondents. These are to a great extent determined
by globalization and financial unpredictability consolidated with the effect of an educated and
developing purchaser base, whether from nearby, regional or worldwide sources.
Respondents said that increased competition from regional and worldwide organizations, and
from some disorderly managed organizations value wars have been prompted leading in this
way to affect the net revenues.
The deficiency of talented assets is an alternate key business challenge. Organizations think
that it hard to enlisted person talented National ability. Qatar nations are concentrating on
lessening their dependence on remote work through different instruction and improvement
programs and the private segment is also being swayed to contract Nationals where
conceivable. The inexorably aggressive environment and the inaccessibility of aptitudes are
testing organizations to find better approaches for working together and including worth to
their items and administrations. This could incorporate delivering specialty items and
administrations or making preference through more compelling and effective supply chain
management.
35. Supply chain goals and obligations
The top supply chain objective for organizations over Qatar is enhancing client
administration which is seen as key to holding and developing client bases. Organizations are
receiving different methods to accomplish this, case in point putting resources into CRM
frameworks to better track and understand client inclination. Other key targets are to progress
operational proficiency and the execution of their supply chains, to adjust the supply chain
with the business system and to enhance supply chain adaptability, dexterity and
responsiveness. These targets are all adjusted to backing the essential target of expanding
client administration.
Minimizing operational supply chain costs has been positioned as the most critical
operational supply chain objective over Qatar nations. Respondents noted that decreasing
supply chain expenses are a continuous action and that they are consistently searching for
option approaches to oversee their operations all the more viably. Organizations are also
concentrating on streamlining their sourcing areas and suppliers and on fortifying their
demand arranging and estimating capacities to enhance their execution and lessen their
interest in inventory and outdated stock. Upgrading inbound and outbound transportation is
an alternate strategy they are conveying to lessen operational expenses as delivering and
cargo expenses are the key segments of supply chain costs.
Today supply chain and logistics management has moved from adjusting expense decreases
with enhancing administration levels to one which perceives these exercises and parts to be
the makers and wellspring of focal point. The top supply chain stipulation confronting
organizations over Qatar region is constrained arranging, demand estimating and planning
capacities prompting challenges with foreseeing demand precisely. This can prompt stock-
outs that adversely affect client administration and deals or overabundance stock that adds
unnecessary expense to a business. The second most elevated positioning obligation is the
contracting and maintenance of gifted supply chain assets. This adjusts to one of the top key
business demands being the absence of accessibility of talented human assets. This pattern is
apparent all through the report as a demand to working together in Qatar region. As saw in
the business goals, a dominant part of the overview respondents are looking to expand their
operations. Be that as it may, as noted by respondents, they are worried about their capacity
to oversee increased volumes and inefficiencies in their supply chain which will effect on the
achievement of their extension plans. Respondents are also worried about their existing
numerous, divided IT frameworks, numerous of which fail to offer the abilities to backing the
36. management of their supply chains, and they perceive the need to redesign and coordinate
them. There is a worldwide move far from immaculate data to business insights where all
data is taken a gander at comprehensively to give an incorporated perspective of business
action execution and patterns.
The top external obligation confronted by respondents over Qatar nations is the much of the
time changing transportation rates of administration suppliers. Due to fluctuating demand and
limit imperatives, transportation lines have eliminated certain courses and goals prompting an
increment in delivery cargo rates to specific goals. The second and third top requirements
positioned by respondents are the consistent change in government standards and regulations
and the conflicting exchange manages over Qatar. These are a reason for sympathy toward
organizations with regional operations. A distinction in understanding of the laws heads to
longer leeway and transportation times and influences the capacity of the organizations to
convey products to clients on time. Respondents highlighted difficulties, for example,
constrained days of capacity because of blockage and the constrained size of a few ports.
Notwithstanding, this issue is being tended to and Qatar nations are going to extraordinary
lengths to create world-class ports. The Doha Port in Qatar, one of the biggest and most
current activities of its kind in Qatar region, is also to be produced with an expected limit of
six million TEUs every year by 2030 and network to the mainland through an eight and a half
kilometre span.
The accessibility and maintenance of talented assets, especially in fact gifted staff is a key
business obligation for all supply chain foresight respondents. Respondents also highlighted
the test of aptitude maintenance because of the absence of reliability of workers who
movement occupations promptly when getting more lucrative open doors once they re
prepared and have the essential information. Organizations address the aptitudes deficiency in
the region by contracting staff from worldwide markets be that as it may with the dedication
over the GCC to expanding the livelihood level of nearby Nationals, this reliance will
decrease in the long haul.
6. Conclusions and Recommendations
37. 6.1 Conclusion
To flourish in today's unpredictable worldwide commercial centre organizations need to
consistently reinvent themselves to meet new difficulties and hold and addition a advantage.
This obliges them to be nimble, adaptable and responsive and drive ceaseless development in
their business and their supply chains. Organizations worldwide are confronting the
difficulties of inconsistent orders and expanded desires of speedier throughput determined by
quick changing purchaser demand. They are also under consistent weight to lessen supply
chain expenses, adapt to higher introduction to characteristic and man-made risks and
discover and hold gifted individuals while also being all the more socially and
environmentally mindful.
Sustainable supply chain management, which can be viewed as the enhanced management of
supply chains through the incorporation of natural, financial and social issues, has pulled in
noteworthy consideration both in the supply chain and natural management writing and also
among professionals in organizations around the world. The principle drivers for this move
have been the quick utilization and expanding contamination of characteristic assets due to
enormous financial advancement and uncontrolled urbanization. The inconceivable
ecological corruption has called forward the supportability guideline, transforming natural
angles into vital criteria in business choice making. This circumstance has at last brought
about tying natural enactment and weights forced by the inner and outside clients together
with the stakeholders. The supportable management of supply chains started by these drivers
has soon taken a deliberate way because of some essential returns, for example, expanded
effectiveness, diminished expenses, expanded interior and outside consumer loyalty,
expanded deals and piece of the pie together with a more successful risk management.
Despite the fact that Qatar is one of the littlest nations in the Middle East, its monetary riches
far exceeds its geographic size. The Qatari economy has seen a blast in the course of the most
recent 10 years, with GDP multiplying. Notwithstanding approximately 15 billion barrels of
oil stores, Qatar has demonstrated common gas stores of almost 26 trillion cubic meters,
which is around 14% of the world's absolute and is the third biggest national holds in the
world. These national assets have put Qatar at the top of the rundown for GDP every capita
salary on the planet, at $90,000 every individual as per the International Fiscal Fund (IMF).
The fruitful 2022 FIFA World Cup™ offer has absolutely served to place Qatar immovably
on the world stage, yet facilitating one of the world's generally imperative wearing occasions
38. is a piece of a much more extensive system. Perceiving that its noteworthy hydrocarbon
stores won't keep going forever, the Qatari government has set up a system for conveying
long haul conclusions for the nation in the 'Qatar National Vision'. By 2030, Qatar means to
be a progressed society, equipped for supporting its improvement and giving an exclusive
requirement of living for its kin for eras to come. Notwithstanding this, Qatar will, probably,
offer again to have the Olympic Games which this speculation will help. Accomplishment of
this vision will finish the voyage from a hydrocarbon economy to a "learning economy",
through the four mainstays of: Human Improvement; Social Development; Economic
Improvement; and Environmental Development. At the point when considered in the setting
of this vision, the 2022 FIFA World Cup™ has surely given a impetus for conveyance of the
Qatar National Vision. It's not pretty much the competition itself - the 2022 FIFA World
Cup™ will give a remarkable chance to convey an extraordinary legacy, the length of it is
deliberately arranged to guarantee a fitting harmony between the prerequisites of the
competition itself and the future utilization of the more extensive offices. And additionally
setting the system and scale to encourage improvement, the 2022 FIFA World Cup Qatar™
also gives a settled, unchangeable due date that must be conveyed. However, it is a long way
to go for Qatar. They can draw inspiration from some world renowned organizations and try
to implement the strategies as their own.
Examples available internationally of sustainable supply chain management being a success
can be cited as:
The John Deere Company's utilization of SmartOps logistics management
programming has helped the equipment supplier build its on-time shipments to
merchants from 63% to 92%, while lessening its inventory by almost $1 billion.
Working with DHL Supply Chain, games footwear and attire goliath Nike actualized
radio-based item observing for warehousing and dispersion purposes and also
presented constant conveyance notice. The supply chain changes have been credited
with decreasing expenses and boosting effectiveness.
Since quite a while ago eminent for its supply chain management forms, Wal-Mart
consolidates condition of-the-craftsmanship engineering and system frameworks to
foresee demand, track inventory levels and arrangement proficient transportation
courses.
With many dispersion focuses overall handling a huge number of items, Amazon.com
should regularly tweak its supply chain. In 2012, for instance, the online retailer
39. reported it would purchase Kiva Systems Inc., a maker of robots and other robotized
engineering for circulation focuses.
6.2 Recommendations
Qatar, the UAE and Saudi Arabia were positioned the most elevated among Qatar nations in
the World Economic Forums 2013-2014 Global Competitive Index in terms of essential
necessities: proficiency enhancers, development and complexity. This highlights the
development capability of these economies in giving an effective commercial center and
framework for empowering exchange. The Global Competitive Index is some piece of the
Global Competitive Report created by the World Economic Forum and surveys the
aggressiveness of 144 economies, giving knowledge into the drivers of their benefit and
thriving. In accordance with the Logistics Performance List evaluations, Qatar, Saudi Arabia
and the UAE were all appraised as having a solid aggressive standpoint.
According to Enrico Camerinelli (n.d)
The purpose and function of the supply chain comes down to a simple mantra: deliver the
right product – or service – in the right place, at the right time and in the right condition.”
(Camerinelli, n.d, p. 2)
Some recommendations to ensure an effective and Sustainable Supply Chain Management
include:
Identification of partners in innovation: Supply chain supervisors must figure out
which of their suppliers have abilities they can take advantage of to help produce
developments in items, administrations or go-to-market methodologies, The
acquirement association ought to assume a key part, by getting to be to a lesser degree
a methodology killer and even more a procedure empowering influence and searching
for chances to enhance momentum forms by leveraging supplier capacities.
Segmentation of supply base: To recognize the right partenrs, division of suppliers
must turn into a "foundational" aptitude, An organization must have the capacity to
cut up the supply base in various courses regarding empowering development Most
associations have a solitary, customary approach to fragment their suppliers, however
40. they have to have the capacity to section them in various courses, around heaps of
diverse criteria.
Involving the employees: The employees need to be in sync with how and when to
impact a client. They must know the corporate responsibilities and objectives at all
channels.
Integration of Sales, Finance and Operations management: "Coordinate what Sales
arrangements to offer, what Operations arrangements to make and what Finance has
gauge into a solitary agreement driven arrangement, Sales and Operations Planning
gives the ideal harmony between client demand, generation limits and corporate
monetary execution.
Use technology at various levels and integrate them in the entire supply chain.
Analysis of consumer expectations and meeting them: Numerous management gurus
accept that the supply chain begins at the stockroom and finishes when items have
been conveyed to stores, This essentially isn't genuine and is symptomatic of the
delivery attitude that unenlightened retailers have. More essential than guaranteeing
items are supplied on the racks is that those items are attractive by your clients (or
considered so). So make sure to track which items your clients really need and which
ones they don't as a component of your supply chain management method.
Include marketing activities and expenses into supply chain: Incorporate promoting
uses, which incorporate expenses, asset cut off points and expected demand effect of
proposed advertising activities, into your supply chain plan to expand corporate
productivity By doing this, organizations recognize which promoting fights ought to
be actualized and which ought to be dodged, the ideal target clients, channels and
items for each one battle and the relating ideal acquirement, assembling and
dissemination prerequisites, all in light of supply chain costs, limits, administration
necessities and the max benefit objective.
In order to achieve these desired recommendations, an organization must first have:
Demand and Supply Planning
Acquisition & Operations Management
Shipping & Logistics Management
Client Service and Returns Management
Risk and International Trade Management
41. The most effective way to accomplish these are through three stages:
Identification of key resources and requirements in the organization.
Measurement of the requirements of the resources and its availability.
Reorganization so that the demand for resources is met with the adequate supply.
Lessons can be drawn in from the pioneers of new age supply chain management masters and
pioneers at Toyota Motor Corp. Toyota and other worldwide producers are trying different
things with a mix of innovation and new operations methods to help their lean worldwide
supply operations recuperate all the more rapidly from interruption. (Marchese, 2014). In the
result of the destroying 9.0 tremor that struck northern Japan in March 2011, auto producing
titan Toyota adapted first-hand the degree to which one characteristic catastrophe can wreak
devastation on a finely tuned worldwide supply chain. (Marchese, 2014). The organization
had as of late accomplished the position of top rated automaker around the world, much
obliged to a limited extent to its hard overseen supply chain. Toyota had worked
perseveringly over numerous years to expel slack from its supply operations by utilizing in
the nick of time parts conveyance to keep inventories to a base. However having pruned its
supplier base extremely as a component of this methodology to a solitary supplier for a few
parts—it got to be defenceless against interruption. In the fallout of the 2011 seismic tremor,
Identification
Measurement
Reorganization
42. a couple of debilitated parts producers in Japan acquired Toyota mechanical production
systems China and North America to an end. Worldwide generation plunged by 29.9 percent.
Additionally, it took six months for some suppliers to come back to peruke conveyance
levels. (Marchese, 2014). Common debacles are one of numerous occasions that can disturb
an organization's vital supply chain operations. Whether its a spike in demand for a specific
item in a regional business sector, a demonstration of war or terrorism, an administrative
change, Toyota and different organizations working all inclusive are acknowledging they
must suit the startling in the event that they would like to flourish. (Marchese, 2014). Stung
by the experience, Toyota set out to change its supply chain in ways that would make it
conceivable to recuperate from future substantial scale interruptions in two weeks or less.
Figuring out how to activate all the more viably in the consequence of calamity would not be
sufficient. Toyota's whole supply framework needed to figure out how to envision issues if
not generally the cataclysmic occasion itself, then the thump on impacts that would
inexorably take after. Management left on a substantial scale activity to uncover
vulnerabilities and then worked inside with architects, technologists, and business pioneers,
and remotely with suppliers, to address them. The consequences of this exertion are
sweeping: Toyota now has an all the more forward-looking, adaptable, and powerful supply
chain. (Marchese, 2014).
Toyota's experience offers an amazing sample of a test numerous makers face. Accordingly,
the organization has created an answer others now need to recreate. The operational and
mechanical necessities for making expectant supply chains will change from area to part and
even organization to organization; on the other hand, a couple of general standards may
demonstrate extensively helpful: (Marchese, 2014).
Supply chain contemplations are fundamental to procedure. Customarily, the supply chain
group decided the best system for gathering item prerequisites once the methodology had
been set, which regularly brought about "unintentional supply chains." Today, determined by
more noteworthy worldwide intricacy, supply chain contemplations are getting to be
fundamental to method. (Marchese, 2014).
Supply chain associations require new initiative and ability. Planning and keeping up the
expectant supply chain will oblige pioneers who are both genuine trend-setters and trained
administrators officials who join worldwide involvement with inventive critical thinking and
scientific aptitudes. Effectively, numerous organizations are giving more power and
43. obligation to supply chain officials on the grounds that they perceive that supply chains are
essential to the eventual fate of the association. (Marchese, 2014).
Supply chain change may advantage from expanded regionalization. In the new wave of
globalization, the basic exchange streams recognizable to most chiefs ease makers in the East
supplying items to rich customers in the West—are offering approach to much more intricate
examples. In parts of the world that have been places for minimal effort producing, new
riches is generally made and utilization is climbing quickly. Partnerships spotting income
development opportunities in these businesses are scrambling to update supply systems to
match demand and supply inside the same region. (Marchese, 2014)
The Role of Technology
The vision of the expectant supply chain will probably take years to acknowledge completely.
At each venture along the way, in any case, the best associations will probably apply heading
edge innovation to upgrade their continuous understanding of movement in intricate supply
arranges, and to enhance the financial matters of having generation limit closer to utilization.
(Marchese, 2014)
As the Internet of Things (IOT) expands and organizations' examination ended up more
complex, prescient supply choice making will progressively get to be mechanized. Sensors
flagging disturbances or sudden action in remote corners of the world will trigger fitting
changes in the streams of materials. (Marchese, 2014)
Different innovations will reshape worldwide supply chains too. Added substance fabricating,
referred to famously as 3d printing, has the potential not just to change the assembling
procedure for a few merchandise, however to significantly decrease or even take out the
requirement for transportation these products crosswise over long separations. A significant
part of the fervor about this advancing innovation is focused around the possibility of having
the capacity to fabricate new parts as opposed to needing to either stock huge mixed bags of
them "in the event that something goes wrong," or acquire deferrals while they are
transported from unified distribution centres. (Marchese, 2014)
44. Perpetually refined apply autonomy may make it workable for assembling timetables to turn
on a dime. In view of this potential, Apple is putting a reported $10.5 billion in praiseworthy
generation mechanization. The organization is striking arrangements that will provide for it
select access to advances for various undertakings, from cleaning the colored plastic of
iPhone 5c cell phone cases to laser-cutting the aluminium collections of Mac book
computers. (Marchese, 2014)
7. For Future Research
Risk Management has now turned into a vital piece of each part of business operations.
Expanding danger because of terrorism, competition, eccentric climate, and shortage of
characteristic assets are significant attentiveness toward supply chain directors. So as to
protect business operations from eccentric, wild occasions that can possibly hamper material
supply, creation and dispersion, more supply chain directors are turning towards risk
management in SCM. New Zealand's dairy monster Fonterra, for instance, was as of late
gotten in the Chinese melamine milk scandal. Despite the fact that Fonterra thought about the
spoiled drain as right on time as August 2, it was not able to create confirm that its dairy
items were tainted with melamine until
September 10. The six-week defer in item review did a considerable measure of harm to the
Fonterra brand and made the organization obligated for indictment under EU laws. Our
examination study has demonstrated that regardless of becoming risks in every zone of
supply chain, right from acquisition to conveyance, mindfulness towards risk management
has not arrived at numerous zones of supply chain management. While a bit in excess of 85%
of respondents have actualized risk management in particular supply chain capacities, for
example, inventory and suppliers, IT security keeps on being a dismissed territory. We feel
that there is a huge open door for making mindfulness and helping associations in executing a
organized supply far reaching risk management structure. Information Quality is extremely
discriminating in guaranteeing that ideal risk management methods are set up. In the event
that organizations don't have a reasonable thought on the quantity of things or suppliers they
oversee, then it would be troublesome for them to make a decent risk management plan. A
substantial CPG producer had assessed that the organization was overseeing data on around
45. 100,000 items; an information quality activity however demonstrated that the number was
just around 45,000. Notwithstanding risk management on inventory levels and suppliers,
associations should also center on other potential risk territories, for example, brand and
notoriety risk, administrative agreeability risk, risk because of common cataclysms and item
danger. Management of risk over the supply chain is key to business sustenance and
proceeded benefit. A percentage of the steps that organizations can take to secure vigorous
risk management methods over all capacities of their supply chains are:
o Proactively recognize all potential risks inalienable in the supply chain
o Establish viable control procedures went for overseeing risk
o Set responsibility for both inner and outer stakeholders
o Define execution measurements for supply chain risk management
IT infiltration in Supply Chain
Today, IT is a crucial and basic business help base. An expansive number of organizations
are sending and utilizing diverse exchange transforming frameworks. In today's environment,
most organizations have actualized endeavor wide business bundles to run their everyday
business procedures like acquisition, inventory management, dispatch and monetary
management. Our examination substantiates this, as more than 80% of respondents have
executed IT frameworks for their supply chain.
Ranges of Technology Implementation notwithstanding, when we assessed these IT
frameworks focused around the reason for usage, it was discovered that a dominant part,
around 95%, of IT frameworks are value-based frameworks and the organization is restricted
to specific capacities like inventory, creation arranging, bookkeeping and shop floor. There is
enormous potential to expand the organization of IT frameworks to territories like logistics
and warehousing, deals and dispersion and in choice emotionally supportive networks like
46. APO.Supply chain engineering has advanced, and organizations worldwide are taking a
gander at more mind boggling undertakings, for example, process trustworthiness, exchange
unwavering quality, and insights or better choice making, information perceptibility and less
demanding mix with their supplier's supply chain. Organizations are also coordinating RFID
advances for enhanced inventory following. Organizations are considering cross-useful
coordination of supply chain innovations not just inside diverse utilitarian regions
additionally with various IT frameworks of their clients and suppliers. As the requirement for
correspondence and joining among diverse innovations emerges, organizations also look for
basic standards that would guarantee information straightforwardness and interoperability. A
percentage of the best practices in engineering, for example, Spend Management, are quick
getting to be general standards. Today, IT needs to be centered towards giving sagacity and
knowledge for preferred choice making rather over giving gigantic information from
ERP/SCM or other comparable frameworks that regularly overpowers clients however is not
of much useful utilization to them. Guaranteeing the accessibility of predictable data
crosswise over diverse applications is a major challenge. Numerous applications require
extensive ability. On-demand, facilitated administrations offer organizations financially
savvy arrangements with the privilege blend of engineering, methodologies and aptitude.
They guarantee that information is exact and composite.
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51. Appendix 2: Survey Sheet
1
How likely are you to find a Supply Chain Management expert in your organization?
Very
Unlikely
Unlikely Neutral Likely Very
Likely
Choose One
2
Availability of Skilled Personnel
o Skilled Personnel are abundantly available
o Skilled Personnel are rarely available
o Skilled Personnel are hardly available
3
What is the quality of human resource available to your organization?
52. o World Class resources available
o Adequate quality resources not freely available
o Resources available at a premium or internationally
4
Major Supply Chain management hindrances (Choose one or more)
o Fluctuating transportation rates owing to transporting limit requirements
o Unsteady government standards and regulations
o Conflict in understanding of exchange related principles & regulation
crosswise over GCC nations
o Cross fringe transportation in GCC
o Constrained days of storage spaces allowed at ports
o Accessibility of talented staff
o Transportation of products between free zone and non free zone territories
o Port/ Airport foundation
o Ground level difficulties (like adequate parking facilities at prime areas)
o Constrained accessibility of neighborhood supplier(s)
o Constrained perceivability in our supply chain
o Inaccessibility of industry level information to benchmark our supply
chain execution
5
Primary Supply Chain Management objectives of your organization
o Enhancing administration levels to clients
o Expanding operational productivity & enhancing supply chain execution
o Adjusting supply chain to the business technique
53. o Enhancing supply chain adaptability, & responsiveness
o Incorporating supply chain management with IT frameworks
o Enhancing supply chain risk management
6
What are the Operational objectives in Supply Chain Management of your organization?
o Minimizing general supply chain costs
o Deciding better sourcing areas/suppliers
o Fortifying demand arranging and estimating capacities
o Enhancing inbound/outbound transportation
o Distribution center streamlining
o Creating cooperation among supply chain partners
o Diminishing interest in stock
o Dealing with the expanded supply chain prerequisites because of business
development
o Aptitudes preparing and training for supply chain particular abilities
o Expanding time span of usability accessibility/lessening out-of-stocks
o Outsourcing exercises to oversee cost/profit
o Shortening our Supply Chain (more neighborhood substance)
7
Major Constraints in your organizations Supply chain Management
o Restricted arranging, anticipating and planning abilities
o Our capacity to contract & hold gifted staff
o Dealing with the expanded volume/ inefficiencies in our supply chain
o Incorporating our IT framework
54. o Overseeing venture into new markets/ new items
o Restricted abilities of existing IT framework
o Discovering suitable outsourcing partner(s)
o No restricted coordinated effort among the supply chain partner(s)
o Overseeing reverse logistics
8
What is the understanding and (or) implementation of Supply Chain Management in your
organization?
o Extremely incorporated with other management areas
o Getting there/being planned and will see future results
o Very Basic with little scope of improvement in the future
9
Additional Comments/ Areas of improving Supply chain management in your organization:
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