The document discusses erosion, how it occurs through fluid flow like water, air and ice moving due to gravity, and examples of erosion problems in different locations. It notes deforestation has caused widespread soil erosion in Madagascar. About 50% of desertification and erosion in Ecuador is located in the western part of the country, particularly in the Andes Mountains, Galapagos Islands and provinces of Manabí and Esmeraldas. Ways to avoid erosion include planting trees, terracing, avoiding deforestation, and building containment walls.