Science is sciencing leslie white
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This document discusses the categorization of science and reality. It argues that all sciences are equally scientific as they are all trying to interpret reality. Reality consists of infinite events that can be structured using spatial and temporal coordinates. The document outlines that there are three ways of studying science - temporal, spatial, and temporal-spatial - which humans use to comprehend the physical, biological, and cultural realms of reality. Comparing sciences based on their level of experimentation is unwarranted, as they all seek to understand reality through interpretation.
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This document discusses models and paradigms in archaeology. It defines a model as an orientation or conceptual structure that guides thinking and describes relationships. Paradigms are patterns or frameworks. The document outlines four paradigms used in archaeology: 1) Morphological focuses on artifact analysis, 2) Ecological reconstructs human-environment dynamics, 3) Anthropological derives models from ethnology, and 4) Geographical borrows from modern geography emphasizing spatial relationships. It provides David Clarke's work on the Mesolithic economy and Glastonbury site excavation as examples applying these paradigms.
Science-B.Ed.-Dr.RakhiSawlani.pptx
This document discusses the nature and structure of science. It defines science as a systematic and organized body of knowledge accumulated through empirical observations and experimentation. The key aspects covered include:
- Science has both a product form (organized knowledge) and process form (scientific method of inquiry).
- Scientific knowledge is structured in a hierarchy from facts to concepts to generalizations to theories and laws.
- The scientific method involves systematic steps like observation, hypothesis testing, and theory building.
- Science aims to describe, predict, and further our understanding of nature in an objective and evidence-based manner. Scientific findings are also subject to change with new evidence.
A reflection on modeling and the nature of knowledge
This document discusses modeling as a method for generating scientific knowledge. It defines key criteria for knowledge to be considered scientific, including being falsifiable, generalizable, and the method being replicable and rationally linked to the claim. Modeling is proposed as an explicit method that meets these criteria when assumptions are clearly defined. While not all domains are scientifically knowable, modeling can be applied to study objects across various fields. The framework is presented as pragmatic rather than ideological and open to challenges from different perspectives like feminism.
Kyle Guzik 10 perspectives
The document summarizes ten research perspectives: postpositivism, pragmatism, constructivism, critical theory, interpretivism, race/gender/ethnicity theories, queer theory, critical race theory, and art-based research. These perspectives differ in their views of truth, from postpositivism's view that absolute truths cannot be known, to pragmatism focusing on practical consequences, to constructivism believing truth is subjective. Critical theory and interpretivism both emphasize power relations and critique of ideologies. Race/gender/ethnicity, queer theory and critical race theory acknowledge marginalization but differ in their specific focuses. Art-based research uses art to communicate research findings.
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Research is defined as a systematic, scientific investigation that follows a sequence of steps to establish facts and solve problems. The objectives of research are to gain familiarity with phenomena, accurately portray characteristics of individuals or groups, or test hypotheses about causal relationships. A research paradigm provides the philosophical framework for how a researcher views the world and their research. The key aspects of a paradigm are its ontology regarding the nature of reality, epistemology regarding what can be known, and methodology regarding how knowledge can be obtained. Different paradigms like positivism, interpretivism, and critical theory have distinct beliefs about these aspects.
introduction-to-sociology-and-anthropology.pptx
The document provides an overview of sociology and anthropology as academic disciplines. It discusses the key principles and foundations of sociology, including its focus on social processes and methods of scientific investigation. Anthropology is defined as the study of human evolution, biology, and culture. The major branches of anthropology - physical/biological anthropology, cultural anthropology, archaeology, and linguistics - are also outlined. Additionally, the document summarizes several areas of focus in sociology, including social organization, social change, population and demography, and applied sociology. Both sociology and anthropology aim to understand human social and cultural systems through empirical research methods.
DISS-PPT.pptx
Social science is the systematic study of society and human behavior. It includes disciplines like anthropology, sociology, economics, political science, and psychology. The document discusses key concepts in social science including structural functionalism, Marxism, and symbolic interactionism. Structural functionalism views society as a system of interrelated parts that work together to maintain stability. Marxism examines the effects of capitalism on labor and argues for worker revolution. Symbolic interactionism proposes that human action arises from the meanings and symbols exchanged in social interactions.
diss-ppt-230419103125-2eca512c.pptx docxx
Social science is the systematic study of society and human behavior. It includes disciplines like anthropology, sociology, economics, political science, and psychology. The document discusses key concepts in social science including structural functionalism, Marxism, and symbolic interactionism. Structural functionalism views society as a system of interrelated parts that work together to maintain stability. Marxism examines the effects of capitalism on labor and argues for worker revolution. Symbolic interactionism proposes that human action arises from the meanings and symbols exchanged in social interactions.
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A reflection on modeling and the nature of knowledge
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Science is sciencing leslie white
- 3. • Art and science deals with experienceing reality by using certain assumptions and techniques.
- 4. • Categorization of science; – Analytical distinctions ; nature of the subject matter of the study – Division of labour in society; expression of social reality • This dual nature of categorization process makes these categories unseperable.
- 5. • The borders between these categories of science are not too obvious. They are juxtaposing as branches of a tree which grow from the same root of which purpose is seeking for an understanding of reality.
- 6. • However, traditionally people tend to compare different categories of sciences due to their experimentability level – For example, – Physics > Biology > Sociology; in terms of the level of experimentation
- 8. • According to White, comparing different branches of science due to their experimentation level is unwarranted. • In stead, as they are all trying to interpret the reality, all the phases of this interpretation are equally scientific. • Thus, science cannot be divided into qualitatively different parts.
- 9. • By using science, human tries to understand REALITY, in other words, an infinite set of EVENTS.
- 11. •These relationships between events can occur in two different co-ordinates.
- 12. • These co-ordinates are; – Space co-ordinates; x-y-z – Time co –ordinate; t • The structure of reality; thus, is constructed with these co- ordinates
- 14. • These are the three ways of sciencing, there is no other way. – Temporal – Spatial – Temporal-Spatial • With these three ways, human tries to comprehend different realms of reality which are; – Inanimate (PHYSICAL) – Living organisms (BIOLOGICAL) – Usage of symbols by humankind (CULTURAL)