The document discusses different types of budgets for schools including the school master budget, capital budget, and department budgets. The school master budget is the overall financial and operating plan for an upcoming fiscal year, while the capital budget plans for major expenditures on capital assets over multiple years. Department budgets are segments of the master budget focused on individual departments. Preparing effective budgets is a multi-step process involving planning, receiving funds, allocating funds, utilizing funds, reviewing statements of expenditures, and evaluating budget performance.