Scenario You have just been hired as a Research Assistant.docx
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You have been hired as a Research Assistant at a hospital. As part of your training, you are to create a PowerPoint presentation on historical issues in human research and how current practices address ethics concerns. You must choose one of four articles on unethical studies: the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, Henrietta Lacks, Nazi medical experiments, or the Thalidomide trials. The presentation should define ethics, explain the background and hypothesis of the chosen study, discuss the role of institutional review boards, and identify which current ethics principles were violated and how violations are prevented now.
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![Scenario You have just been hired as a Research Assistant
ScenarioYou have just been hired as a Research Assistant for a hospital where you will be
working with a team that conducts human research. As a part of your training, you are
expected to refresh your understanding of historical issues in human research and how they
relate to current research practices. Your supervisor has asked you to create a PowerPoint
to demonstrate your understanding of historical issues in human research based. Your
presentation will be based on one of the following articles:Tuskegee Syphilis StudyMackey-
Kallis, S. (2019). Tuskegee experiment. Salem Press Encyclopedia.Henrietta LacksGabbay, F.
H. (2012). An American woman and the right to health. Psychiatry: Interpersonal &
Biological Processes, 75(2), 113–119.Nazi Medical ExperimentsNaming the victims of Nazi
medicine. (2017). The Lancet, 389(10085), 2182-2183. ThalidomideThomas, K. (2020, Mar
24). Thalidomide’s legacy: [Correction]. New York TimesInstructionsCreate a PowerPoint
presentation that examines historical issues in human research and how this relates to
current research practices. Select one of the articles listed above on the following historical
research projects: Tuskegee Syphilis Study, Henrietta Lacks, Nazi Medical Experiments, or
Thalidomide Trials.The presentation should address the following:Define ethics in human
research and identify how ethics are presented in the article.Explain the background and
hypothesis of the historical research project.Explain the role of the Institutional Review
Board (IRB) and note examples of protections for research participants. If there was no IRB,
explain how having one could have helped ensure ethical standards were maintained.Using
current principles outlined by the IRB that govern human research, identify the principles
that were violated. Provide an explanation regarding the violations and how these
violations would have been avoided using current research practices.The presentation
should be visually appealing with colors, graphics, and key words.Use the notes section
below each slide to write the details of what would be said during a live presentation. This
allows you to show your understanding and critical thinking skills to the instructor.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/scenarioyouhavejustbeenhiredasaresearchassistant-230703120827-996f910a/85/Scenario-You-have-just-been-hired-as-a-Research-Assistant-docx-1-320.jpg)
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ENG122 Composition II Research Paper Guidelines ASHF.docx
ENG122: Composition II
Research Paper Guidelines
ASHFORD UNIVERSITY, COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, LOWER DIVISION
VERSION 2013 (FALL)
P A G E | 1
ENGLISH 122: COMPOSITION II
~ Ancillary Materials ~
Research Paper Guidelines
INTRODUCTION
To write the Final Research Paper for this course, you must choose
one writing prompt and develop a position. Your thesis statement
forms the basis of your position and guides your argument to a
logical conclusion. The thesis statement will answer any
question(s) presented in the writing prompt in one to two clear
sentences.
In the body of the paper, you will examine issues that are relevant
to your thesis statement and use research to support your claims
about those issues. Each claim or assertion must be supported by
scholarly research in the form of summaries, paraphrased
information, or direct quotes from published, credible sources.
Each paragraph should address one topic that directly supports
your thesis statement.
Research is an analytical process, so you are expected to discuss multiple viewpoints and to present
research results in an impersonal manner. It is also important to remember that a persuasive essay
does not simply report information or summarize sources; it uses research to develop an
argument and/or prove a point.
At the end of your paper, you will need to provide a conclusion that features a closing argument, a
paper summary, and a rephrased thesis statement.
PROMPTS: ARTS, MEDIA, AND PHILOSOPHY
1. Should organized religious groups be allowed to act as political advocates or should they
focus only on the spiritual needs of people? Is it possible to strike a balance? Research all
sides of this debate and defend a single position in your persuasive essay.
2. The word “hero” is culturally-specific and is often applied to sports figures, celebrities, and
cultural icons. Define how the term is currently and most commonly used in mass media, and
decide if you agree or disagree with who is considered heroic. If you agree with its current
usage, explain to readers why you feel it is appropriately applied. If you disagree, make the
case for the people you would define as heroic and explain your reasoning.
3. In 2012, three of the top-grossing action films featured female heroes: The Hunger Games,
Breaking Dawn, and Brave (IMDB, n.d., “Most Popular Feature Films Released in 2012”). Do
you believe it’s noteworthy that so many recent films have female heroes, or do you believe
that female role models have always been present in American movies? Explain your position
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that interests you.
You will spend the
next five weeks
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writing about that
subject.
ENG122: Composition II
Research Paper Guidelines
ASHFORD UNIVERSITY, ...
Discussion Ethical Dimensions of Research StudiesIn the best-se.docx
Discussion: Ethical Dimensions of Research Studies
In the best-selling book, The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks (Skloot, 2010), the author highlights the true story of an African-American woman who died in 1951 from cervical cancer. What makes her story unique is that prior to her death, cells from her tumor were removed and successfully grown in a petri dish. This was the first time scientists were able to successfully replicate cells outside the body, and it is estimated that billions of Lacks’ cells have been used in medical research. However, Henrietta Lacks was never asked for permission to take a sample and her family was never made aware of the widespread use of her cells. Although the culturing of her cells has been pivotal for advancing research, strong ethical concerns later arose about using these cells without patient or family approval.
This week’s readings describe historical examples of unethical research, such as a study of syphilis among African-American men in which treatment was withheld and a study in which live cancer cells were injected into elderly patients. Today, stricter controls that seek to protect study participants are placed on researchers, but breaches still occur. Careful attention must be given toward preventing unethical behavior. In this Discussion, you explore ethical considerations and issues in research.
To prepare:
Select a current health-related case involving research ethics. (If none come to mind, browse the Internet to familiarize yourself with recent cases.)
As you review the case that you have selected, reflect on the ethical principles discussed in “What Are the Major Ethical Issues in Conducting Research?” article found in this week’s Learning Resources. Which principles were breached in the case you have identified?
Post a description of the case that you selected and the ethical issues involved. Analyze the ethical principles that were breached by the researchers or organizations in your selected case as well as the possible cause of the breach(es). Suggest how the research might have been conducted differently to avoid or minimize the ethical problems. Discuss how research can be done on sensitive issues while still protecting the rights of the research subjects.
Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses.
Respond to at least two of your colleagues on two different days using one or more of the following approaches:
Ask a probing question, substantiated with additional background information, and evidence.
Offer and support an alternative perspective using readings from the classroom or from your own review of the literature in the Walden Library.
Make a suggestion based on additional evidence drawn from readings or after synthesizing multiple postings.
Required Readings
Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2017). Nursing research: Generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice (10th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer.
Chapter 3, “Key Concepts and Steps in Qualitative and Qu.
Qualitative research designs
This document provides an overview of qualitative research. It defines qualitative research as research using text and pictures rather than numbers, taking a holistic approach to understand phenomena. The document outlines several major qualitative research designs including case studies, ethnography, phenomenology, grounded theory, and content analysis. It discusses when a qualitative approach is appropriate and provides details on how to conduct and analyze data for a case study design. The goal of qualitative research is to provide a rich story and tentative hypotheses about observed social phenomena.
COGNITIVE REPAIRSHOW ORGANIZATIONAL PRACTICESCANCOMPENS.docx
COGNITIVE REPAIRS:
HOW ORGANIZATIONAL PRACTICESCAN
COMPENSATEFOR
INDIVIDUAL SHORTCOMINGS
ChipHeath,RichardP. Larrick, andJoshuaKlayman
ABSTRACT
The literaturein cognitive psychology has described a varietyof shortcomings that
preventindividuals from learningeffectively. We review this literature and provide
examplesofa numberoforganizational practices that may effectivelyrepairthecog-
nitive shortcomingsof individuals. We call these practicescognitiverepairs. We
then discusssix tradeoffs that affect the success of cognitive repairs.We close by
consideringhow a cognitive perspective might benefitthosewho studyorganiza-
tional learning and those who manageit.
Research inOrganizational Behavior, Volume 20, pages 1-37.
Copyright © 1998 hy JAI Press Inc.
All rights of reproduction in any form reserved.
ISBN: 0-7623-0366-2
1
CHIP HEATH, RICHARD P. LARRICK, andJOSHUA KLAYMAN CognitiveRepairs 3
INTRODUCTION
In afamous speech, Hamletdeclares,“What a pieceof work is man.How noble in
reason,how infinite in faculties” (Hamlet, II, 2). An observer whosummarizedthe
psychologyof the late twentiethcenturywould probably choose very different
phrases to describe the humancondition—perhaps,“What fools these mortals be”
(Midsummer Night’sDream, III, 2).
Are people“infinite in faculties” and “noble inreason”?HerbertSimon won a
Nobel prize for arguingthat social science mustunderstandthe waysthat human
facultiesare limited. Instead of being infinite in faculties,Simon’s humans could
be only “boundedlyrational” because theircognitive abilities—their ability to
perceive,remember,andprocessinformation—were restricted. Well, then, ifpeo-
ple arenot infinite in faculties,a.re they “noble inreason”?Cognitive psycholo-
gists havespent30 years examining the actualprocessesthat people usewhen
they collect information, combineit, anddraw inferences about their world(Nis-
bett & Ross, 1980; Kahneman,Slovic, & Tversky, 1982; Holland,Holyoak,Nis-
bett, & Thagard,1986).Insteadof depicting people as “noble” (or magnificent) in
reason, this researchhas arguedthat peoplereasonin ways that producesystem-
atic errors. A pessimistic modern Hamlet might combine the observations of these
two research streams and describe humans as equipped with primitive hardwnre
andbuggy software.
However, outsidershave not alwaysacceptedthe pessimistic description of
human faculties and reason that is found in the research literature.As one skeptic
put it, “If we are so stupid,how did we get to the moon?” (Nisbett & Ross,1980).
How should we resolve the apparent discrepancy betweenthe pessimisticliter-
atureon human shortcomings and the optimistic evidence of humanaccomplish-
ment? One way is todismiss the laboratory research. Someresearchershave
argued that the shortcomings that have beendocumentedin the lab areso minor
that they do not constitute mistakes ofany real consequence(Funder, 1987;
Cohen,1981).Others havearguedthat individuals areless likely to make errors in
natural environ.
COGNITIVE REPAIRSHOW ORGANIZATIONAL PRACTICESCANCOMPENS.docx
COGNITIVE REPAIRS:
HOW ORGANIZATIONAL PRACTICESCAN
COMPENSATEFOR
INDIVIDUAL SHORTCOMINGS
ChipHeath,RichardP. Larrick, andJoshuaKlayman
ABSTRACT
The literaturein cognitive psychology has described a varietyof shortcomings that
preventindividuals from learningeffectively. We review this literature and provide
examplesofa numberoforganizational practices that may effectivelyrepairthecog-
nitive shortcomingsof individuals. We call these practicescognitiverepairs. We
then discusssix tradeoffs that affect the success of cognitive repairs.We close by
consideringhow a cognitive perspective might benefitthosewho studyorganiza-
tional learning and those who manageit.
Research inOrganizational Behavior, Volume 20, pages 1-37.
Copyright © 1998 hy JAI Press Inc.
All rights of reproduction in any form reserved.
ISBN: 0-7623-0366-2
1
CHIP HEATH, RICHARD P. LARRICK, andJOSHUA KLAYMAN CognitiveRepairs 3
INTRODUCTION
In afamous speech, Hamletdeclares,“What a pieceof work is man.How noble in
reason,how infinite in faculties” (Hamlet, II, 2). An observer whosummarizedthe
psychologyof the late twentiethcenturywould probably choose very different
phrases to describe the humancondition—perhaps,“What fools these mortals be”
(Midsummer Night’sDream, III, 2).
Are people“infinite in faculties” and “noble inreason”?HerbertSimon won a
Nobel prize for arguingthat social science mustunderstandthe waysthat human
facultiesare limited. Instead of being infinite in faculties,Simon’s humans could
be only “boundedlyrational” because theircognitive abilities—their ability to
perceive,remember,andprocessinformation—were restricted. Well, then, ifpeo-
ple arenot infinite in faculties,a.re they “noble inreason”?Cognitive psycholo-
gists havespent30 years examining the actualprocessesthat people usewhen
they collect information, combineit, anddraw inferences about their world(Nis-
bett & Ross, 1980; Kahneman,Slovic, & Tversky, 1982; Holland,Holyoak,Nis-
bett, & Thagard,1986).Insteadof depicting people as “noble” (or magnificent) in
reason, this researchhas arguedthat peoplereasonin ways that producesystem-
atic errors. A pessimistic modern Hamlet might combine the observations of these
two research streams and describe humans as equipped with primitive hardwnre
andbuggy software.
However, outsidershave not alwaysacceptedthe pessimistic description of
human faculties and reason that is found in the research literature.As one skeptic
put it, “If we are so stupid,how did we get to the moon?” (Nisbett & Ross,1980).
How should we resolve the apparent discrepancy betweenthe pessimisticliter-
atureon human shortcomings and the optimistic evidence of humanaccomplish-
ment? One way is todismiss the laboratory research. Someresearchershave
argued that the shortcomings that have beendocumentedin the lab areso minor
that they do not constitute mistakes ofany real consequence(Funder, 1987;
Cohen,1981).Others havearguedthat individuals areless likely to make errors in
natural environ ...
Ethical Dimensions of Research StudiesSelect a current health-rela.docx
Ethical Dimensions of Research Studies
Select a current health-related case involving research ethics. (If none come to mind, browse the Internet to familiarize yourself with recent cases.
)
As you review the case that you have selected, reflect on the ethical principles discussed in “What Are the Major Ethical Issues in Conducting Research?” article found in this week’s Learning Resources. Which principles were breached in the case you have identified?
In the best-selling book, The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks (Skloot, 2010), the author highlights the true story of an African-American woman who died in 1951 from cervical cancer. What makes her story unique is that prior to her death, cells from her tumor were removed and successfully grown in a petri dish. This was the first time scientists were able to successfully replicate cells outside the body, and it is estimated that billions of Lacks’ cells have been used in medical research. However, Henrietta Lacks was never asked for permission to take a sample and her family was never made aware of the widespread use of her cells. Although the culturing of her cells has been pivotal for advancing research, strong ethical concerns later arose about using these cells without patient or family approval.
This week’s readings describe historical examples of unethical research, such as a study of syphilis among African-American men in which treatment was withheld and a study in which live cancer cells were injected into elderly patients. Today, stricter controls that seek to protect study participants are placed on researchers, but breaches still occur. Careful attention must be given toward preventing unethical behavior. In this Discussion, you explore ethical considerations and issues in research.
Describe the case that you selected and the ethical issues involved.
Analyze the ethical principles that were breached by the researchers or organizations in your selected case as well as the possible cause of the breach(es). Suggest how the research might have been conducted differently to avoid or minimize the ethical problems. Discuss how research can be done on sensitive issues while still protecting the rights of the research subjects.
Required References
Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2017).
Nursing research: Generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice
(10th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer.
·
Chapter 3, “Key Concepts and Steps in Qualitative and Quantitative Research” (for review)
·
Chapter 4, “Research Problems, Research Questions, and Hypotheses”
This chapter focuses on the steps in planning a study to generate evidence. These include developing a research question, identifying variables, articulating a problem statement, and generating hypotheses.
·
Chapter 7, “Ethics in Nursing Research”
In this chapter, the focus is on the ethical dilemmas that occur when planning and conducting research and the ethical principles that have been enacted for protecting study participant.
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1. Introduction (approx. 1 page)
Describe the importance of the problem in a social context and/or service delivery context. Your Introduction should answer the question why your study topic is important and relevant to social work research or practice.
2. Population of Interest and Research Problem (approx. 1 page)
Provide relevant population statistics (demographics), and statistics on the extent, scope, prevalence, and impact of the problem. If the problem you researched is not familiar to most people, explain the problem.
3. Literature Review (approx. 8 pages)
Discuss what you learned through your review of the literature. Your sources will include 10 articles (at least 6 scholarly, peer reviewed articles published in scientific journals).
For the review, be critical! Synthesize what you have learned and highlight the followings: 1) what is known about your topic, 2) the gaps in knowledge, and 3) how this literature is or is not directly relevant for your topic.
If little or no empirical research has been done, indicate this. For example, your review of the literature may suggest that: 1) the topic you have selected has not been studied with the population you intended to study, or 2) you are addressing a research question that, based on your search of the literature, has not yet been studied.
4. References
Follow the American Psychological Association’s (APA) Publication Manual citation styles and provide full citations in the reference section.
...
SEMINAR ON QUALITATIVE RESEARCH-THEORIES AND METHODS- modified.pptx
A PowerPoint presentation on the various Theories and Methods Commonly Used
to conduct Qualitative Research Studies
b6928-cr-primer-pack-sept-2021.pptx
This document provides an introduction to critical realism as a philosophical and methodological approach for doctoral researchers. It begins by discussing the need for researchers to adopt an explicit methodology. It then introduces critical realism as a philosophy of science that sits between objectivist and subjectivist approaches, combining an objectivist ontology with a soft social constructionist epistemology. The document outlines some of critical realism's key theoretical tools such as depth ontology, retroduction, and morphogenetic social change. It provides examples of critical realism's application across various fields and concludes with some limitations and resources for further information.
Developing A Topic
The document provides guidance on developing a strong research topic for an academic paper or project. It recommends that students first match their topic to the specific assignment requirements in terms of length, allowed sources, and available research time. The document then advises refining an initial topic idea through background research and discussing options with the instructor to ensure the topic is appropriate and resources are available. Finally, it stresses developing a clear thesis statement to focus the research and answer the guiding question.
Nursing Research for Practice.pdf
The document provides guidance for nursing students on developing a research question and conducting an initial literature review. It discusses the importance of crafting a specific, answerable research question to guide an evidence-based practice study. Students are instructed to analyze the ethical aspects of research and develop a research question using the PICOT framework. They are then asked to conduct a brief literature review on their research question, searching nursing databases to find relevant research articles and summarize the current state of knowledge. The literature review and a summary table are to be included in a 3-4 page written assignment.
FosherJCLISSciConsumptionWinter2015
This document summarizes the early stages of a research project examining the relationship between science/scientists and military organizations. It discusses interviews conducted with scientists and military personnel that illustrate disconnects in how each views their roles and how scientific information is communicated and used. The researcher aims to study the structures, processes, backgrounds, and opportunities/obstacles regarding how the military consumes scientific expertise. Preliminary analysis suggests common problems include poorly defined research questions, methodology mismatches, inadequate expertise, lack of underlying theory, and accepting non-scientific "studies". The goal is to better understand these issues and improve communication between the fields.
Communicating Science to Policymakers
This document outlines challenges in communicating science to policymakers and ways scientists can enhance the role of science in policymaking. It discusses the different cultures of science and policy, how policymakers learn about science, and challenges like relevance and certainty. The document recommends separating science from policy, addressing advisory panel processes, increasing transparency of scientific reviews, and strengthening peer review. Scientists can get involved through letters, visits, internships, fellowships and advisory committees to become more policy-savvy.
Science and Technology Studies presentation
Science and Technology Studies (STS) examines how science and technology shape society and how society shapes the development of science and technology. There are several perspectives in STS, including the sociology of scientific knowledge which questions the idealized accounts of the scientific process. Actor-network theory, developed by Bruno Latour, examines how scientific knowledge is produced through relationships between human and non-human actors. The field also studies topics like the influence of gender on scientific fields and work-family conflicts in academia. The Sokal Affair showed how scientific jargon can be misused and highlighted tensions between natural and social scientists.
Social What directed your interest to this.docx
The document discusses why the person is interested in social work. They grew up seeing friends' parents addicted to drugs and in foster care, directing their interest to help address problems like drugs, poverty, and lack of guidance. Their goals are to open a teenage shelter and drug rehab programs one day. They believe their dedication enables them to study and practice social work to help address important social issues.
Soap notes will be uploaded to Moodle and put through.docx
This soap note documents a visit for a 65-year-old male patient complaining of headaches for the past two weeks. On examination, the patient's blood pressure was elevated on multiple readings. The assessment is essential (primary) hypertension. The plan includes starting hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg daily, as well as lifestyle modifications and follow up with his primary care provider in one week to evaluate blood pressure control. No referrals are needed at this time.
Social Poverty.docx
Poverty is one of four social issues that students must write a 400-450 word mini-essay about for a class assignment. The assignment requires students to choose three social issues to write about, with the fourth essay topic being on poverty. All four mini-essays must be combined into a single document and meet the 1,200 total word count for the assignment.
Soap Note Diabetes Mellitus.docx
1) This soap note document outlines the typical sections and information included in a soap note for a patient with diabetes mellitus. It includes sections for identifying data, subjective data, objective data, assessment, and plan.
2) The subjective section includes symptoms, review of systems, past medical history, family history, social history, and allergies/medications as they relate to the complaint.
3) The objective section includes vital signs, physical exam findings described in detail for relevant systems, and any abnormalities fully described.
Social Disorganization.docx
Social disorganization refers to the inability of a community to realize common values or solve emerging problems. Socially disorganized neighborhoods typically have high rates of poverty, residential mobility, and ethnic heterogeneity which undermine the ability of a community to exercise informal social control. Research shows that socially disorganized areas tend to have weaker social ties between neighbors and higher crime rates.
SOC101 Assignment Sheet Interview.docx
This document provides instructions for a SOC101 assignment where students are asked to interview someone over age 65 about their experiences with age and happiness. The interview is meant to help students connect course concepts to real life by gaining perspectives from other demographics. Students are given qualitative questions to ask and should write a substantive report summarizing the conversation rather than providing a full transcript, keeping the subject anonymous.
Slide 1 Title Page Slide 2 3.docx
This presentation discusses the diagnosis and treatment of bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder based on a case scenario. It outlines the diagnostic criteria and symptoms of bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder, describing treatment strategies and interventions for each, such as medications and therapies. The presentation concludes with a reference page.
Social media sites have recently drew decision attention and influenced.docx
Employers are increasingly using social media to evaluate potential job candidates, with sites like LinkedIn and Facebook providing profiles and information to aid hiring decisions. However, social media may not always accurately reflect candidates and could include fake or misleading information, making it difficult for employers to properly assess candidates and determine the right fit based on online profiles alone. More research is needed to understand how social media has impacted hiring and how employers can mitigate risks of relying too heavily on digital profiles.
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ENG122 Composition II Research Paper Guidelines ASHF.docx
ENG122: Composition II
Research Paper Guidelines
ASHFORD UNIVERSITY, COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, LOWER DIVISION
VERSION 2013 (FALL)
P A G E | 1
ENGLISH 122: COMPOSITION II
~ Ancillary Materials ~
Research Paper Guidelines
INTRODUCTION
To write the Final Research Paper for this course, you must choose
one writing prompt and develop a position. Your thesis statement
forms the basis of your position and guides your argument to a
logical conclusion. The thesis statement will answer any
question(s) presented in the writing prompt in one to two clear
sentences.
In the body of the paper, you will examine issues that are relevant
to your thesis statement and use research to support your claims
about those issues. Each claim or assertion must be supported by
scholarly research in the form of summaries, paraphrased
information, or direct quotes from published, credible sources.
Each paragraph should address one topic that directly supports
your thesis statement.
Research is an analytical process, so you are expected to discuss multiple viewpoints and to present
research results in an impersonal manner. It is also important to remember that a persuasive essay
does not simply report information or summarize sources; it uses research to develop an
argument and/or prove a point.
At the end of your paper, you will need to provide a conclusion that features a closing argument, a
paper summary, and a rephrased thesis statement.
PROMPTS: ARTS, MEDIA, AND PHILOSOPHY
1. Should organized religious groups be allowed to act as political advocates or should they
focus only on the spiritual needs of people? Is it possible to strike a balance? Research all
sides of this debate and defend a single position in your persuasive essay.
2. The word “hero” is culturally-specific and is often applied to sports figures, celebrities, and
cultural icons. Define how the term is currently and most commonly used in mass media, and
decide if you agree or disagree with who is considered heroic. If you agree with its current
usage, explain to readers why you feel it is appropriately applied. If you disagree, make the
case for the people you would define as heroic and explain your reasoning.
3. In 2012, three of the top-grossing action films featured female heroes: The Hunger Games,
Breaking Dawn, and Brave (IMDB, n.d., “Most Popular Feature Films Released in 2012”). Do
you believe it’s noteworthy that so many recent films have female heroes, or do you believe
that female role models have always been present in American movies? Explain your position
through examples and analysis of these characters. Finally, are these depictions important?
It is important that
you select a single
writing prompt
that interests you.
You will spend the
next five weeks
researching and
writing about that
subject.
ENG122: Composition II
Research Paper Guidelines
ASHFORD UNIVERSITY, ...
Discussion Ethical Dimensions of Research StudiesIn the best-se.docx
Discussion: Ethical Dimensions of Research Studies
In the best-selling book, The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks (Skloot, 2010), the author highlights the true story of an African-American woman who died in 1951 from cervical cancer. What makes her story unique is that prior to her death, cells from her tumor were removed and successfully grown in a petri dish. This was the first time scientists were able to successfully replicate cells outside the body, and it is estimated that billions of Lacks’ cells have been used in medical research. However, Henrietta Lacks was never asked for permission to take a sample and her family was never made aware of the widespread use of her cells. Although the culturing of her cells has been pivotal for advancing research, strong ethical concerns later arose about using these cells without patient or family approval.
This week’s readings describe historical examples of unethical research, such as a study of syphilis among African-American men in which treatment was withheld and a study in which live cancer cells were injected into elderly patients. Today, stricter controls that seek to protect study participants are placed on researchers, but breaches still occur. Careful attention must be given toward preventing unethical behavior. In this Discussion, you explore ethical considerations and issues in research.
To prepare:
Select a current health-related case involving research ethics. (If none come to mind, browse the Internet to familiarize yourself with recent cases.)
As you review the case that you have selected, reflect on the ethical principles discussed in “What Are the Major Ethical Issues in Conducting Research?” article found in this week’s Learning Resources. Which principles were breached in the case you have identified?
Post a description of the case that you selected and the ethical issues involved. Analyze the ethical principles that were breached by the researchers or organizations in your selected case as well as the possible cause of the breach(es). Suggest how the research might have been conducted differently to avoid or minimize the ethical problems. Discuss how research can be done on sensitive issues while still protecting the rights of the research subjects.
Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses.
Respond to at least two of your colleagues on two different days using one or more of the following approaches:
Ask a probing question, substantiated with additional background information, and evidence.
Offer and support an alternative perspective using readings from the classroom or from your own review of the literature in the Walden Library.
Make a suggestion based on additional evidence drawn from readings or after synthesizing multiple postings.
Required Readings
Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2017). Nursing research: Generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice (10th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer.
Chapter 3, “Key Concepts and Steps in Qualitative and Qu.
Qualitative research designs
This document provides an overview of qualitative research. It defines qualitative research as research using text and pictures rather than numbers, taking a holistic approach to understand phenomena. The document outlines several major qualitative research designs including case studies, ethnography, phenomenology, grounded theory, and content analysis. It discusses when a qualitative approach is appropriate and provides details on how to conduct and analyze data for a case study design. The goal of qualitative research is to provide a rich story and tentative hypotheses about observed social phenomena.
COGNITIVE REPAIRSHOW ORGANIZATIONAL PRACTICESCANCOMPENS.docx
COGNITIVE REPAIRS:
HOW ORGANIZATIONAL PRACTICESCAN
COMPENSATEFOR
INDIVIDUAL SHORTCOMINGS
ChipHeath,RichardP. Larrick, andJoshuaKlayman
ABSTRACT
The literaturein cognitive psychology has described a varietyof shortcomings that
preventindividuals from learningeffectively. We review this literature and provide
examplesofa numberoforganizational practices that may effectivelyrepairthecog-
nitive shortcomingsof individuals. We call these practicescognitiverepairs. We
then discusssix tradeoffs that affect the success of cognitive repairs.We close by
consideringhow a cognitive perspective might benefitthosewho studyorganiza-
tional learning and those who manageit.
Research inOrganizational Behavior, Volume 20, pages 1-37.
Copyright © 1998 hy JAI Press Inc.
All rights of reproduction in any form reserved.
ISBN: 0-7623-0366-2
1
CHIP HEATH, RICHARD P. LARRICK, andJOSHUA KLAYMAN CognitiveRepairs 3
INTRODUCTION
In afamous speech, Hamletdeclares,“What a pieceof work is man.How noble in
reason,how infinite in faculties” (Hamlet, II, 2). An observer whosummarizedthe
psychologyof the late twentiethcenturywould probably choose very different
phrases to describe the humancondition—perhaps,“What fools these mortals be”
(Midsummer Night’sDream, III, 2).
Are people“infinite in faculties” and “noble inreason”?HerbertSimon won a
Nobel prize for arguingthat social science mustunderstandthe waysthat human
facultiesare limited. Instead of being infinite in faculties,Simon’s humans could
be only “boundedlyrational” because theircognitive abilities—their ability to
perceive,remember,andprocessinformation—were restricted. Well, then, ifpeo-
ple arenot infinite in faculties,a.re they “noble inreason”?Cognitive psycholo-
gists havespent30 years examining the actualprocessesthat people usewhen
they collect information, combineit, anddraw inferences about their world(Nis-
bett & Ross, 1980; Kahneman,Slovic, & Tversky, 1982; Holland,Holyoak,Nis-
bett, & Thagard,1986).Insteadof depicting people as “noble” (or magnificent) in
reason, this researchhas arguedthat peoplereasonin ways that producesystem-
atic errors. A pessimistic modern Hamlet might combine the observations of these
two research streams and describe humans as equipped with primitive hardwnre
andbuggy software.
However, outsidershave not alwaysacceptedthe pessimistic description of
human faculties and reason that is found in the research literature.As one skeptic
put it, “If we are so stupid,how did we get to the moon?” (Nisbett & Ross,1980).
How should we resolve the apparent discrepancy betweenthe pessimisticliter-
atureon human shortcomings and the optimistic evidence of humanaccomplish-
ment? One way is todismiss the laboratory research. Someresearchershave
argued that the shortcomings that have beendocumentedin the lab areso minor
that they do not constitute mistakes ofany real consequence(Funder, 1987;
Cohen,1981).Others havearguedthat individuals areless likely to make errors in
natural environ.
COGNITIVE REPAIRSHOW ORGANIZATIONAL PRACTICESCANCOMPENS.docx
COGNITIVE REPAIRS:
HOW ORGANIZATIONAL PRACTICESCAN
COMPENSATEFOR
INDIVIDUAL SHORTCOMINGS
ChipHeath,RichardP. Larrick, andJoshuaKlayman
ABSTRACT
The literaturein cognitive psychology has described a varietyof shortcomings that
preventindividuals from learningeffectively. We review this literature and provide
examplesofa numberoforganizational practices that may effectivelyrepairthecog-
nitive shortcomingsof individuals. We call these practicescognitiverepairs. We
then discusssix tradeoffs that affect the success of cognitive repairs.We close by
consideringhow a cognitive perspective might benefitthosewho studyorganiza-
tional learning and those who manageit.
Research inOrganizational Behavior, Volume 20, pages 1-37.
Copyright © 1998 hy JAI Press Inc.
All rights of reproduction in any form reserved.
ISBN: 0-7623-0366-2
1
CHIP HEATH, RICHARD P. LARRICK, andJOSHUA KLAYMAN CognitiveRepairs 3
INTRODUCTION
In afamous speech, Hamletdeclares,“What a pieceof work is man.How noble in
reason,how infinite in faculties” (Hamlet, II, 2). An observer whosummarizedthe
psychologyof the late twentiethcenturywould probably choose very different
phrases to describe the humancondition—perhaps,“What fools these mortals be”
(Midsummer Night’sDream, III, 2).
Are people“infinite in faculties” and “noble inreason”?HerbertSimon won a
Nobel prize for arguingthat social science mustunderstandthe waysthat human
facultiesare limited. Instead of being infinite in faculties,Simon’s humans could
be only “boundedlyrational” because theircognitive abilities—their ability to
perceive,remember,andprocessinformation—were restricted. Well, then, ifpeo-
ple arenot infinite in faculties,a.re they “noble inreason”?Cognitive psycholo-
gists havespent30 years examining the actualprocessesthat people usewhen
they collect information, combineit, anddraw inferences about their world(Nis-
bett & Ross, 1980; Kahneman,Slovic, & Tversky, 1982; Holland,Holyoak,Nis-
bett, & Thagard,1986).Insteadof depicting people as “noble” (or magnificent) in
reason, this researchhas arguedthat peoplereasonin ways that producesystem-
atic errors. A pessimistic modern Hamlet might combine the observations of these
two research streams and describe humans as equipped with primitive hardwnre
andbuggy software.
However, outsidershave not alwaysacceptedthe pessimistic description of
human faculties and reason that is found in the research literature.As one skeptic
put it, “If we are so stupid,how did we get to the moon?” (Nisbett & Ross,1980).
How should we resolve the apparent discrepancy betweenthe pessimisticliter-
atureon human shortcomings and the optimistic evidence of humanaccomplish-
ment? One way is todismiss the laboratory research. Someresearchershave
argued that the shortcomings that have beendocumentedin the lab areso minor
that they do not constitute mistakes ofany real consequence(Funder, 1987;
Cohen,1981).Others havearguedthat individuals areless likely to make errors in
natural environ ...
Ethical Dimensions of Research StudiesSelect a current health-rela.docx
Ethical Dimensions of Research Studies
Select a current health-related case involving research ethics. (If none come to mind, browse the Internet to familiarize yourself with recent cases.
)
As you review the case that you have selected, reflect on the ethical principles discussed in “What Are the Major Ethical Issues in Conducting Research?” article found in this week’s Learning Resources. Which principles were breached in the case you have identified?
In the best-selling book, The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks (Skloot, 2010), the author highlights the true story of an African-American woman who died in 1951 from cervical cancer. What makes her story unique is that prior to her death, cells from her tumor were removed and successfully grown in a petri dish. This was the first time scientists were able to successfully replicate cells outside the body, and it is estimated that billions of Lacks’ cells have been used in medical research. However, Henrietta Lacks was never asked for permission to take a sample and her family was never made aware of the widespread use of her cells. Although the culturing of her cells has been pivotal for advancing research, strong ethical concerns later arose about using these cells without patient or family approval.
This week’s readings describe historical examples of unethical research, such as a study of syphilis among African-American men in which treatment was withheld and a study in which live cancer cells were injected into elderly patients. Today, stricter controls that seek to protect study participants are placed on researchers, but breaches still occur. Careful attention must be given toward preventing unethical behavior. In this Discussion, you explore ethical considerations and issues in research.
Describe the case that you selected and the ethical issues involved.
Analyze the ethical principles that were breached by the researchers or organizations in your selected case as well as the possible cause of the breach(es). Suggest how the research might have been conducted differently to avoid or minimize the ethical problems. Discuss how research can be done on sensitive issues while still protecting the rights of the research subjects.
Required References
Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2017).
Nursing research: Generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice
(10th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer.
·
Chapter 3, “Key Concepts and Steps in Qualitative and Quantitative Research” (for review)
·
Chapter 4, “Research Problems, Research Questions, and Hypotheses”
This chapter focuses on the steps in planning a study to generate evidence. These include developing a research question, identifying variables, articulating a problem statement, and generating hypotheses.
·
Chapter 7, “Ethics in Nursing Research”
In this chapter, the focus is on the ethical dilemmas that occur when planning and conducting research and the ethical principles that have been enacted for protecting study participant.
ArticlesStudy Author, title, yearPrisoner Reentry A Publi
Articles:
Study: Author, title, year
Prisoner Reentry: A Public Health or Public Safety Issue for Social Work Practice. George T. Patterson.
2013.
Study: Author, title, year
Prisoner Reentry: A Public Health or Public Safety Issue for Social Work Practice. George T. Patterson.
2013.
Study: Author, title, year
Family Services in Adult Detention Center: Systemic Principle for Prisoner Reentry; Corrine Datchi, Louis Barretti, Christopher Thompson; 2016.
Steven Martin, Daniel O’Connell, James Inciardi, Hilary Surrratt, Kristen
Maiden; Integrating an HIV/HCV Brief Intervention in Prisoner Reentry:
Results of a Multisited Prospective Study; December 2008.
The expanding prisoner reentry industry; Douglas E. Thompkins.; 2010
Recidivism among Participants of a Reentry Program for Prisoners Released without Supervision. Nora
Wikoff, Donald Linborst, Nicole Morani.
An effective study of the Youth Reentry Specialist (YRS) program for released Incarcerated with
Handicapping Conditions. Stan A. Karcz. 1996.
Prisoner Reentry: A Public Health or Public Safety Issue for Social Work Practice. George T. Patterson.
2013.
The final paper is due the last day of class. Students should be prepared to make a brief (5 minutes) oral present highlighting what they learned through their literature review. The final paper should include the following sections (include headings):
1. Introduction (approx. 1 page)
Describe the importance of the problem in a social context and/or service delivery context. Your Introduction should answer the question why your study topic is important and relevant to social work research or practice.
2. Population of Interest and Research Problem (approx. 1 page)
Provide relevant population statistics (demographics), and statistics on the extent, scope, prevalence, and impact of the problem. If the problem you researched is not familiar to most people, explain the problem.
3. Literature Review (approx. 8 pages)
Discuss what you learned through your review of the literature. Your sources will include 10 articles (at least 6 scholarly, peer reviewed articles published in scientific journals).
For the review, be critical! Synthesize what you have learned and highlight the followings: 1) what is known about your topic, 2) the gaps in knowledge, and 3) how this literature is or is not directly relevant for your topic.
If little or no empirical research has been done, indicate this. For example, your review of the literature may suggest that: 1) the topic you have selected has not been studied with the population you intended to study, or 2) you are addressing a research question that, based on your search of the literature, has not yet been studied.
4. References
Follow the American Psychological Association’s (APA) Publication Manual citation styles and provide full citations in the reference section.
...
SEMINAR ON QUALITATIVE RESEARCH-THEORIES AND METHODS- modified.pptx
A PowerPoint presentation on the various Theories and Methods Commonly Used
to conduct Qualitative Research Studies
b6928-cr-primer-pack-sept-2021.pptx
This document provides an introduction to critical realism as a philosophical and methodological approach for doctoral researchers. It begins by discussing the need for researchers to adopt an explicit methodology. It then introduces critical realism as a philosophy of science that sits between objectivist and subjectivist approaches, combining an objectivist ontology with a soft social constructionist epistemology. The document outlines some of critical realism's key theoretical tools such as depth ontology, retroduction, and morphogenetic social change. It provides examples of critical realism's application across various fields and concludes with some limitations and resources for further information.
Developing A Topic
The document provides guidance on developing a strong research topic for an academic paper or project. It recommends that students first match their topic to the specific assignment requirements in terms of length, allowed sources, and available research time. The document then advises refining an initial topic idea through background research and discussing options with the instructor to ensure the topic is appropriate and resources are available. Finally, it stresses developing a clear thesis statement to focus the research and answer the guiding question.
Nursing Research for Practice.pdf
The document provides guidance for nursing students on developing a research question and conducting an initial literature review. It discusses the importance of crafting a specific, answerable research question to guide an evidence-based practice study. Students are instructed to analyze the ethical aspects of research and develop a research question using the PICOT framework. They are then asked to conduct a brief literature review on their research question, searching nursing databases to find relevant research articles and summarize the current state of knowledge. The literature review and a summary table are to be included in a 3-4 page written assignment.
FosherJCLISSciConsumptionWinter2015
This document summarizes the early stages of a research project examining the relationship between science/scientists and military organizations. It discusses interviews conducted with scientists and military personnel that illustrate disconnects in how each views their roles and how scientific information is communicated and used. The researcher aims to study the structures, processes, backgrounds, and opportunities/obstacles regarding how the military consumes scientific expertise. Preliminary analysis suggests common problems include poorly defined research questions, methodology mismatches, inadequate expertise, lack of underlying theory, and accepting non-scientific "studies". The goal is to better understand these issues and improve communication between the fields.
Communicating Science to Policymakers
This document outlines challenges in communicating science to policymakers and ways scientists can enhance the role of science in policymaking. It discusses the different cultures of science and policy, how policymakers learn about science, and challenges like relevance and certainty. The document recommends separating science from policy, addressing advisory panel processes, increasing transparency of scientific reviews, and strengthening peer review. Scientists can get involved through letters, visits, internships, fellowships and advisory committees to become more policy-savvy.
Science and Technology Studies presentation
Science and Technology Studies (STS) examines how science and technology shape society and how society shapes the development of science and technology. There are several perspectives in STS, including the sociology of scientific knowledge which questions the idealized accounts of the scientific process. Actor-network theory, developed by Bruno Latour, examines how scientific knowledge is produced through relationships between human and non-human actors. The field also studies topics like the influence of gender on scientific fields and work-family conflicts in academia. The Sokal Affair showed how scientific jargon can be misused and highlighted tensions between natural and social scientists.
Similar to Scenario You have just been hired as a Research Assistant.docx (14)
ENG122 Composition II Research Paper Guidelines ASHF.docx
ENG122 Composition II Research Paper Guidelines ASHF.docx
Discussion Ethical Dimensions of Research StudiesIn the best-se.docx
Discussion Ethical Dimensions of Research StudiesIn the best-se.docx
COGNITIVE REPAIRSHOW ORGANIZATIONAL PRACTICESCANCOMPENS.docx
COGNITIVE REPAIRSHOW ORGANIZATIONAL PRACTICESCANCOMPENS.docx
COGNITIVE REPAIRSHOW ORGANIZATIONAL PRACTICESCANCOMPENS.docx
COGNITIVE REPAIRSHOW ORGANIZATIONAL PRACTICESCANCOMPENS.docx
Ethical Dimensions of Research StudiesSelect a current health-rela.docx
Ethical Dimensions of Research StudiesSelect a current health-rela.docx
ArticlesStudy Author, title, yearPrisoner Reentry A Publi
ArticlesStudy Author, title, yearPrisoner Reentry A Publi
SEMINAR ON QUALITATIVE RESEARCH-THEORIES AND METHODS- modified.pptx
SEMINAR ON QUALITATIVE RESEARCH-THEORIES AND METHODS- modified.pptx
More from write12
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The document discusses why the person is interested in social work. They grew up seeing friends' parents addicted to drugs and in foster care, directing their interest to help address problems like drugs, poverty, and lack of guidance. Their goals are to open a teenage shelter and drug rehab programs one day. They believe their dedication enables them to study and practice social work to help address important social issues.
Soap notes will be uploaded to Moodle and put through.docx
This soap note documents a visit for a 65-year-old male patient complaining of headaches for the past two weeks. On examination, the patient's blood pressure was elevated on multiple readings. The assessment is essential (primary) hypertension. The plan includes starting hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg daily, as well as lifestyle modifications and follow up with his primary care provider in one week to evaluate blood pressure control. No referrals are needed at this time.
Social Poverty.docx
Poverty is one of four social issues that students must write a 400-450 word mini-essay about for a class assignment. The assignment requires students to choose three social issues to write about, with the fourth essay topic being on poverty. All four mini-essays must be combined into a single document and meet the 1,200 total word count for the assignment.
Soap Note Diabetes Mellitus.docx
1) This soap note document outlines the typical sections and information included in a soap note for a patient with diabetes mellitus. It includes sections for identifying data, subjective data, objective data, assessment, and plan.
2) The subjective section includes symptoms, review of systems, past medical history, family history, social history, and allergies/medications as they relate to the complaint.
3) The objective section includes vital signs, physical exam findings described in detail for relevant systems, and any abnormalities fully described.
Social Disorganization.docx
Social disorganization refers to the inability of a community to realize common values or solve emerging problems. Socially disorganized neighborhoods typically have high rates of poverty, residential mobility, and ethnic heterogeneity which undermine the ability of a community to exercise informal social control. Research shows that socially disorganized areas tend to have weaker social ties between neighbors and higher crime rates.
SOC101 Assignment Sheet Interview.docx
This document provides instructions for a SOC101 assignment where students are asked to interview someone over age 65 about their experiences with age and happiness. The interview is meant to help students connect course concepts to real life by gaining perspectives from other demographics. Students are given qualitative questions to ask and should write a substantive report summarizing the conversation rather than providing a full transcript, keeping the subject anonymous.
Slide 1 Title Page Slide 2 3.docx
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Social cognition is the mental activity relating to social.docx
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This document discusses the importance of considering social context and ethics when conducting evaluations. Students should read all required resources before participating in the discussion forum. They should put their final paper topic in its appropriate social context, identify ethical considerations, and explain the political issues associated with the proposed evaluation, focusing on socioeconomic, race, gender, and government factors. Students should also discuss the most surprising thing they found in their research that caused them to reevaluate a previously held opinion.
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Social media and its data are both a challenge and.docx
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Social Media and.docx
Social media sites like Facebook and Twitter encourage users to disclose personal information about themselves, leading to privacy concerns. While these sites allow people to stay connected, some users overshare details that get them into trouble like jobs lost or college admissions denied due to offensive posts. Experts say most students are aware of privacy settings, but stories still emerge of poor judgment in self-disclosures online. Parents joining social media can also impact relationships with college-age children and force both parties to balance openness and privacy as family networks overlap online.
Social Psychology of Prosocial.docx
This chapter discusses long-term and planned helping that takes place through organizations or to address needs where little support already exists. Long-term helping can include volunteering regularly at an established charity, food bank, or shelter. It also includes identifying an ongoing community need, like a lack of access to healthcare or education, and developing a new program to address it. Planned helping requires more forethought and commitment than spontaneous acts of kindness. It often involves regularly donating time, skills, or money to an cause over an extended period. Key aspects of long-term helping include identifying meaningful and impactful causes, planning initiatives, and sustaining involvement through coordination and collaboration.
Social media for.docx
Companies can use social media to find and attract job candidates in several ways. They can post job openings on platforms like LinkedIn, Facebook, and Twitter to reach a wide audience of potential applicants. They can also follow hashtags related to their industry or monitor social profiles of candidates to identify strong fits. Current employees can help by endorsing candidates through their own networks. Social media allows companies to screen candidates and get a sense of their online reputation before deciding who to interview.
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This document outlines the requirements for a sleep report assignment. Students are asked to:
1) Discuss their average sleep data and any variation across the week, noting what may have caused differences and whether they were surprised by any observations.
2) Analyze their sleep in the context of course materials, referring to a lecture topic and suggesting ways to improve their sleep or maintain good sleep habits.
The assignment is to be 1 page single-spaced and will be graded on data overview, data discussion, and writing mechanics.
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This document provides instructions for submitting a literature review on the topic of social media and consumer behavior. The literature review should synthesize key concepts from selected sources rather than discussing each source individually. It should describe the area of research and justify the choice. It should summarize sources related to theoretical background, history of the topic, best research practices, significance to the field of psychology, need for new research, respect for diversity, and organize sources thematically. The literature review will assess the current state of knowledge and implications for stakeholders.
social media.docx
This document discusses social media policies in the workplace. It asks several questions: 1) Whether employees should be able to post anything on social media without career consequences. 2) What a new manager should do if employees exclude and criticize them on a group chat. 3) What key components an HR director should include in a social media policy, such as protecting company reputation and handling inappropriate posts. 4) Whether a job applicant should disclose old politically active social media posts from college that may come up in a background check, or not disclose and be prepared to defend the posts.
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