Ram Bahadur Khadka presented research on the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) method at a 2012 agricultural convention in Nepal. Experiments showed that younger (8-day old) seedlings planted at 25cm x 25cm spacing yielded the highest production and economic returns. The research concluded that SRI techniques can maximize rice production and contribute to national food security when adopted by small-holding farmers in Nepal. The national agricultural research system was encouraged to further test and adapt SRI to more of Nepal's climate regions.

1. Ram Bahadur Khadka, Scientist (S1, Plant Pathology)
Regional Agriculture Research Station, Khajura
narc.org.np,
vijayautsatga@gmail.com
contact: +9779851141161
Paper presented to 4th Society of Agricultural Scientist : Nepal (SAS-N) convention
Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal, April 4-6, 2012
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2. Introduction
The System of Rice Intensification (SRI) is a “set of insights
and practices that change the management of plants, soil, water
and nutrients used in growing irrigated rice.” SRI methods,
promote the growth of more productive and robust plants.
More simply; SRI is a package of practices especially
developed to improve the productivity of rice.
SRI involves intermittent wetting and drying of paddies as
well as specific soil and agronomic management practices..
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3. Advantages of SRI?
 Increases rice yield per drop of
water, per kg of seed and
Why SRI?
 Consuption, demand and prices for
fertilizers (highest yield 22.4
rice increasing
 The shortage of water (climate
MT per ha in India). change)
 Shortage of land suited for rice
 Tolerable to flood, lodging and
production
 The Total of 0.17 million tones grain
drought. food deficit as compared to its
 Very suitable for organic requirement in Nepal.
 About 50% farmers have land
production.
 RCT
holding less than 0.5 ha.
 Farmers and scientist have challenge
 SRI is based on the local to develop new alternatives to
resources, no need to increase the sustainable
purchase any extra external
productivity, in context of climate
inputs, although they can be
changing.
 SRI would be the best alternatives.
used with the other practices.
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5. Methodology
A series of experiments conducted at FFS in Kailali district,
during 2009– 2010 rainy season (June–Sept.)Standard SRI
practices were used in all exp.
(a) single or two seedlings (b) 8–10 days old seedlings
per hill
(c) intermittent wetting and d) FYM @1.5 Mt /ha along with
drying 60:40:40:8 Kg NPKZn/ha
(e) plant spacing of 25X25 (f ) three weeding by rotatory
cm
Variety, Radha# 4 weeders at 15, 30 and 45 DAT
 All experiments were conducted using RCBD Individual FFS
was taken as a replication.
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6. S Name of the Treatments Replicated sites Parameter taken
Details of the experiments
Nexperiment
1 Effect of age 8-10 days, 15, Khailad, Tiller per hill,
of seedling days, 22 days, Lalbojhi, effective tillers per
29days Ramsikhrajhala, m2, TGW, Yield
Pahalmanpur
2 Effect of 15x15, 20x20, Ramsikhrajhala, Tiller per hill,
spacing 25x25 and Lalbojhi, effective tillers per
30x30 cm Khailad, m2, TGW, Yield
Pahalmanpur
3 Financial Ramsikhrajhala, Cost of cultivation,
analysis of Lalbojhi, yield, Returns, Net
the cultivation Khailad, returns and B:C
practices Pahalmanpur
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7. Results and discussions
Relationship of yield parameters with different spacing
Spacing Tiller per Effective TGW Yield
hill tiller per (gm) (MT/ha)
m2
15x15 12.00 c 277.00 c 20.10 b 6.00c
20x20 22.00 b 286.00b 20.50ab 6.84b
25x25 36.00 a 328.00a 21.50a 8.54a
30x30 38.00 a 253.00 d 21.20 a 6.55b
LSD 3.06 8.24 0.76 0.51
Signi highest yield (8.54 mt/ha) were obtained in spacing 25x 25 cm. Similarly number of
tillers per hill was highest 30x30 cm but not significantly difference from 25x 25cm.
Significantly highest effective tiller per m2 was obtained in 30x30 cm2 followed by 25x25cm2
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(Table 2) (Uphoff and Fernandes, 2002) , Menete et al. (2008), (Karki, et.al.,2009) have
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8. Results and discussions
Yield parameters in relation with age of seedlings
Ages of Tiller per Effective TGW Yield
seedling ( hill tiller per (gm) (MT/ha)
day) m2
8 days 40.00a 373.00a 21.10a 7.80a
15 days 34.00b 346.60b 20.80a 7.40a
22 days 10.00c 123.00c 21.05a 6.50b
29 days 8.00c 93.60d 21.00a 6.30b
LSD 2.94** 13.32** 1.06 0.78**
value
significantly highest yield in the 8 days old seedling (7.8 Mt/ha) and lowest in 29 days old
seedling but which is not significantly difference from 22 days old seedling. Similarly tiller
per hill, effective tiller per m2 were also significantly highest in 8 days old seedlings than
other and lowest in 29 days old seedlings. Krishna and Biradarpatil (2009, (Singh et al.,
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2004),Pasuquin et al (2008) ,Mchugh (2002) ,Makarin et al., 2002),(Mandel et al., 1984)
Get
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9. Results and discussions
Cost of cultivation, net returns and B:C ration according to
different spacings in Kailali, 2010.
Gross return, net return and B:C ratio were found significantly
highest in 8 days of seedlings.
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10. Results and discussions
Cost of cultivation, net returns and B:C ration
according to different spacing in Kailali, 2010.
Spacing Economic analysis
cm1 Cost of Gross Net return B:C ration
Cultivation return Rs/ha Rs./ha
(RS/ha ('000) ('000)
('000)
15x15 46.000 90.00c 59.71c 1.29b
20x20 45.000 102.60b 55.10b 1.28b
25x25 45.100 128.10a 83.35a 1.84a
30x30 44.000 98.25b 54.25b 1.23b
lsd 7.69* 7.69* 0.08*
Sem ± 2.55 2.55 0.02
Gross return, net return and B:C ratio were found significantly highest in 25 cm × 25
cm crop geometryisand writer thatmore profitable. Itwithdue to highest yield.
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11. Conclusions & Recomendations
 The experiments clearly revealed that younger seedlings
transplanted in 8 days old with a plant density of 25 cm × 25
cm with SRI technique resulted into maximum production
with good economic returns of rice.
 Thus the SRI technique can be extended to a larger rice
growing area consisting of small landholding farmers and
thereby maximizing total production of rice, ultimately
contributing to national food security.
 Our NARS should recognized the technology and endorse
the technology by doing test, verification, and making it
more suitable to the farmers of wide climate range in Nepal.
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12. Acknowledgements'
 The authors are thankful to Mr. Rajendra Uperty, DADO;
Jhapa, Taralal Lama, Human Kabir and Ikshan Sulaiman and
Harischandra Devkota; Emergency and Rehabilitation
Coordination Unit, Food and Agriculture Organization
(ERCU/FAO), and European Union Food Facility Nepal for
the technical and financial support, and Hari Psd Acharya,
Sharmila Devkota, Surya Bdr. Basnet, Gyan Bdr. Chaudhary,
Sumitra Shahi and Chandra Dev Joshi for their cordial help in
collecting data from SRI farmers field school in Kailali, 2010.
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13. Some Photographs
Project officers at weeder
industry , Jharkhand, India. such
At seedling stage ( 10 Woman carrying seedling 875 weeder has been purchased
Days) , Ramsikharjhala at transplanting stage and distributed to diff. 10
district of Nepal during 09/10.
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Farmers Lalku Kathariya in
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nd
First and 2 weeding stage
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his SRI field at Lalbojhi, Kailali
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14. Some Photographs
CA members
Farmer Lalku Katharia at his SRI field and good harvesting of rice cultivated under
principles of SRI at Lalbojhi, Kailali
Snr. Rice scientist S. P. Australian ambassador Susan Gresh and EU FF project
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Khatiwada talking with TV ,manager Marine Michahud inaugurating rice harvest
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15. Some Photographs ( High Level mission at SRI
field)
EU
Ambassador
Alexgender
Spachis in
SRI field
Lalbojhi
Kailali
Senior
Politicians and
CA members ,
Devendra
Podel, Rabindra
Adhikari, Hari
Roka, Rames
Lekhak etc in
SRI FFS
Khailad an
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Darakh Kailali
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16. Some Photographs (High Level meeting on SRI at
Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperative)
In Photographs: Minister of Agriculture and
Cooperatives: Harinaryan Yadav, CA members,
Rabindra Adhikari, Ramesh Lekhak, Hari Roka,
Crop director S. Pokhrel, Crop & Horticlutre
director, N. P. Adhikary, Deputy director general of
DoA; Mohan Bdr. Thapa, Secretary of MOAC , N.
Chaudary, DADO Jhapa; R, Uperty, FAYA Progra.
coordinator, R.B. Khadka, etc.
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17. Thank You For
Your Attention
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