This document is from a World Bank course on governance and anti-corruption. It discusses the importance of good governance for investment and economic growth, citing studies showing the relationship between higher quality governance and higher growth rates and investment. It outlines key aspects of governance systems including both the supply of state institutions and capacities, as well as demand-side accountability from citizens, firms, and oversight institutions. When accountability breaks down, it can lead to problems like corruption, nepotism, and inefficient service delivery. The document emphasizes that improving governance in many areas is important for unlocking growth in developing countries.
1410 investigating the impact of fraud & corruption on economic developmentJenny Reid
This document discusses the impact of fraud and corruption on economic development. It defines corruption as the abuse of public office for private gain. Corrupt activity hinders development, reduces economic growth, increases poverty, and restricts investment and trade. A survey found that 69% of respondents reported being victims of economic crime in the past 24 months, with the typical organization losing 5% of revenue to fraud. Common causes of fraud include lack of integrity, greed, and perception of not being caught. The most common categories of fraud are asset misappropriation and corruption. Red flags for fraud include rapidly increasing orders and manipulation of tender schemes. The document promotes establishing a fraud prevention database to screen potential employees, suppliers, and other partners to mitigate risks
The document discusses international conventions and measures against corruption in the business sector. It outlines the costs of corruption, including over $1 trillion paid in bribes annually. Various international conventions are summarized that prohibit corruption, such as the OECD Convention and UN Convention Against Corruption. Best practices for businesses to prevent corruption are presented, including adopting ethics codes, auditing controls, and prohibiting bribery. The roles and responsibilities of both governments and businesses in combating corruption are also discussed.
This document provides an anti-corruption guide for Belgian enterprises operating overseas. It aims to help companies conform to international rules combating bribery of foreign public officials. The guide explains the relevant rules from organizations like the OECD and UN, as well as Belgian law. It emphasizes the importance of compliance to limit legal risks, strengthen reputation, and improve management. The guide offers strategies for developing an ethics program, including risk assessment, a code of conduct, management procedures, and controls for business partners. The overall goal is to raise awareness and provide tools to help companies address corruption challenges in international business.
This document discusses responsible youth entrepreneurship and creating a culture of anti-corruption in the private sector. It provides background information on the global youth population and issues they face such as illiteracy, unemployment, and living on less than $1 per day. Corruption significantly impacts young people in their roles as students, workers, and citizens. The document outlines dimensions of good governance including transparency, accountability, democracy and outlines causes of corruption such as weak institutions and lack of oversight. It recommends understanding good governance and the role youth can play in promoting anti-corruption efforts through collective action plans.
The document discusses microfinance and its evolution towards more commercial and inclusive models. It provides an overview of microfinance in different regions, highlighting key statistics. It outlines best practices for microfinance institutions, including offering services that fit client needs, motivating repayment, and charging full cost-covering rates. It also summarizes the principles and history of the commercial microfinance model of Bank Rakyat Indonesia.
This document discusses police reform efforts in Bangladesh and challenges to legitimacy. It provides context on Bangladesh's history under British colonial rule and subsequent politicization of the police. Attempts at reform through community policing programs have seen some success but face challenges adapting Western models locally and achieving long-term change without broader structural reforms. The recommendations are to enhance police legitimacy and accountability through citizen networks and institutional incentives that reinforce community policing over time.
The document summarizes the World Bank's womenx program, which aims to support women entrepreneurs in developing countries. It does this by providing business education, networking opportunities, mentorship, and help accessing financial services. The goal is to expand business opportunities for women, increase productivity and revenue of women-led businesses, and create more jobs. The program will be funded by a $100 million multi-donor trust fund and aims to reach 100,000 women entrepreneurs.
The document summarizes the results of a 2010 membership survey conducted by a local chamber of commerce. Key findings include:
- The survey had a 13% response rate with 98 responses received.
- Most member businesses have 1-5 employees and are located in downtown Petoskey or elsewhere in the city.
- Over the past 3 years, members reported declines in revenue and employment due to the poor economy.
- Top challenges for businesses were health insurance costs and the general economy.
- Members value chamber programs like networking events, health insurance plans, and marketing/promotion services.
1410 investigating the impact of fraud & corruption on economic developmentJenny Reid
This document discusses the impact of fraud and corruption on economic development. It defines corruption as the abuse of public office for private gain. Corrupt activity hinders development, reduces economic growth, increases poverty, and restricts investment and trade. A survey found that 69% of respondents reported being victims of economic crime in the past 24 months, with the typical organization losing 5% of revenue to fraud. Common causes of fraud include lack of integrity, greed, and perception of not being caught. The most common categories of fraud are asset misappropriation and corruption. Red flags for fraud include rapidly increasing orders and manipulation of tender schemes. The document promotes establishing a fraud prevention database to screen potential employees, suppliers, and other partners to mitigate risks
The document discusses international conventions and measures against corruption in the business sector. It outlines the costs of corruption, including over $1 trillion paid in bribes annually. Various international conventions are summarized that prohibit corruption, such as the OECD Convention and UN Convention Against Corruption. Best practices for businesses to prevent corruption are presented, including adopting ethics codes, auditing controls, and prohibiting bribery. The roles and responsibilities of both governments and businesses in combating corruption are also discussed.
This document provides an anti-corruption guide for Belgian enterprises operating overseas. It aims to help companies conform to international rules combating bribery of foreign public officials. The guide explains the relevant rules from organizations like the OECD and UN, as well as Belgian law. It emphasizes the importance of compliance to limit legal risks, strengthen reputation, and improve management. The guide offers strategies for developing an ethics program, including risk assessment, a code of conduct, management procedures, and controls for business partners. The overall goal is to raise awareness and provide tools to help companies address corruption challenges in international business.
This document discusses responsible youth entrepreneurship and creating a culture of anti-corruption in the private sector. It provides background information on the global youth population and issues they face such as illiteracy, unemployment, and living on less than $1 per day. Corruption significantly impacts young people in their roles as students, workers, and citizens. The document outlines dimensions of good governance including transparency, accountability, democracy and outlines causes of corruption such as weak institutions and lack of oversight. It recommends understanding good governance and the role youth can play in promoting anti-corruption efforts through collective action plans.
The document discusses microfinance and its evolution towards more commercial and inclusive models. It provides an overview of microfinance in different regions, highlighting key statistics. It outlines best practices for microfinance institutions, including offering services that fit client needs, motivating repayment, and charging full cost-covering rates. It also summarizes the principles and history of the commercial microfinance model of Bank Rakyat Indonesia.
This document discusses police reform efforts in Bangladesh and challenges to legitimacy. It provides context on Bangladesh's history under British colonial rule and subsequent politicization of the police. Attempts at reform through community policing programs have seen some success but face challenges adapting Western models locally and achieving long-term change without broader structural reforms. The recommendations are to enhance police legitimacy and accountability through citizen networks and institutional incentives that reinforce community policing over time.
The document summarizes the World Bank's womenx program, which aims to support women entrepreneurs in developing countries. It does this by providing business education, networking opportunities, mentorship, and help accessing financial services. The goal is to expand business opportunities for women, increase productivity and revenue of women-led businesses, and create more jobs. The program will be funded by a $100 million multi-donor trust fund and aims to reach 100,000 women entrepreneurs.
The document summarizes the results of a 2010 membership survey conducted by a local chamber of commerce. Key findings include:
- The survey had a 13% response rate with 98 responses received.
- Most member businesses have 1-5 employees and are located in downtown Petoskey or elsewhere in the city.
- Over the past 3 years, members reported declines in revenue and employment due to the poor economy.
- Top challenges for businesses were health insurance costs and the general economy.
- Members value chamber programs like networking events, health insurance plans, and marketing/promotion services.
This document discusses advocacy for minority contractors and economic development. It aims to eliminate barriers preventing growth of African American and minority owned businesses. It outlines economic benefits of building wealth for minorities such as higher paying jobs. However, minority businesses face challenges like lack of access to capital and contracting opportunities. The document proposes strategic goals and legislation to improve small business participation in state contracting and establish accountability for minority business utilization.
The document discusses the Washington Consensus and its effects on development. It examines three groups of factors within the Washington Consensus, and discusses current views on its successes and failures. Critics argue that inequality and lack of institutional support limited its effectiveness, and that distribution and social institutions play an important role in development. The role of trade, financial liberalization, and interventions are also debated. Overall, the document analyzes different perspectives on the Washington Consensus and its prescriptions for growth.
This document summarizes a survey report on tiered KYC intervention for migrants in Ethiopia. Key findings include:
- 79% of respondents did not have a valid ID, with women disproportionately affected (60% of those without valid ID).
- 85% of respondents did not have a bank account. Lack of valid ID was the main reason, especially for women (100% cited it).
- Common alternative savings methods like equb and trusting friends/relatives carry risks like losing money.
The report recommends conducting a larger survey as baseline data and addressing other constraints to access formal financial services in addition to lack of ID.
1) The document discusses the results of a survey of senior executives at multinational companies about their perceptions and experiences doing business in Africa.
2) While many opportunities exist due to Africa's rapid economic growth, over two-thirds of respondents said their companies were not currently doing business there.
3) Respondents identified concerns about corruption, lack of transparency, and unpredictable regulatory processes as barriers preventing greater investment in Africa. Improvements in these areas would increase business involvement.
4) Those with operations in Africa said a better understanding of local business cultures and closer partnerships with legal/financial advisors could help mitigate corruption risks.
This presentation by David Lewis was made at the first session of the 2014 Global Forum on Competition (27-28 February) which focused on fighting corruption and promoting competition. Find out more at http://www.oecd.org/competition/globalforum
Effective Bank Performance A Legal, Ethical or Moral Challengeijtsrd
The importance of banks and the banking activity have over the years been acknowledged by all actors in various sectors of human and national life as capital for the wellbeing of all. The duty placed on the banks is an enormous one that of a real locator of the scarce resource -money to seek a vital balance between those who have the resource and those who need the resource to invest for economic growth. Money happens to be the center of attraction for almost every activity as it serves as a medium of exchange of value. This leads to specifically high demand for it and access to it therefore becomes very problematic. Who should keep the money and on what conditions is it given out to those who need it What should be done with surpluses and what if there is deficit or shortage in supply These complex issues to be resolved have led to regulation on the banking activity at different levels. The banks will only efficiently perform their functions if these regulations are adhered to. Regulations though good, have demonstrated that not everyone is unanimous on how they should be employed and time has lent credence to the arguments that legislation alone cannot suffice to guarantee efficient bank performance. Reason why rules of ethics in banking and moral values have come not to compliment legislation but reinforce it such that an efficient bank performance would only be guaranteed by this trinity. Where the three do not coexist, or exist at variance, problems are bound to arise as is the case in Cameroon. Lukong Alban Bongwong "Effective Bank Performance: A Legal, Ethical or Moral Challenge?" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31702.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/31702/effective-bank-performance-a-legal-ethical-or-moral-challenge/lukong-alban-bongwong
This document discusses the Human Rights Campaign's Corporate Equality Index, Municipal Equality Index, and Healthcare Equality Index which evaluate LGBTQ inclusion and equality. It covers important terms related to gender and sexual orientation. It also discusses the indices' focus on non-discrimination policies, equitable benefits for employees, competency training, and public engagement efforts. The indices are presented as tools to help institutions advance inclusion and overcome legal and social challenges to equality.
The document discusses the globalization of virtual teams and the cross-cultural issues they face. It addresses how political, legal, and cultural factors must be considered to minimize delays. Cultural norms around gender roles, conflict avoidance, and language barriers can cause issues. Developing trust and understanding between virtual team members from different cultures requires training, clear expectations, and open communication.
The document discusses the lack of citizen participation in development policies like trade policies in Malawi and calls for strengthening the role of civil society organizations (CSOs) in policy processes to realize people's right to development. It notes CSOs have faced challenges participating meaningfully due to lack of information, analytical skills, and resources. The document makes recommendations to promote participatory structures, legal frameworks for CSO participation, and capacity building of CSOs and marginalized groups to ensure their voices are integrated in national development policies.
Corruption and Discrimination on the Basis of genderNaushad Ali
Corruption and Discrimination on the basis of Gender contain What is corruption, Reason behind corruption, Effect of Corruption etc. It also focuses on How Gender discrimination affects people.
The document summarizes the findings of a needs assessment survey distributed to 230 previous applicants and grantees of the Kent County Nonprofit Technical Assistance Fund. 85 nonprofit organizations responded. The majority of respondents were from health and human services nonprofits, with over half operating on budgets under $500,000. Respondents reported their top challenges as lack of staff time, competition for funding, and ineffective boards. While 44% saw increased funding in the last year, 39% saw decreases. The most critical needs were identified as fund development, marketing/communications, and board development. The top capacity building service desired was capacity building grants.
The document discusses political financing and lobbying in India. It notes that transparency is needed in the financing of political parties, as most funds come from unknown sources like businesses and corporations seeking future favors. It recommends requiring political parties to maintain standardized accounts, undergo audits, and implement internal democracy through laws to increase transparency and accountability. Internal democracy in political parties is seen as the final solution, as parties that are not democratic internally cannot be expected to respect democratic principles in governing the country.
This document discusses stakeholder engagement in the public sector. It defines stakeholders as any group that is affected by or can influence the entity's activities. Effective stakeholder engagement provides benefits like improved service delivery and risk management. The document recommends that public sector entities identify their stakeholders, understand their needs, and develop transparent communication strategies. It also advises creating a documented stakeholder engagement plan that identifies risks, objectives, and processes for relationship building and evaluation.
This document discusses gender-transformative financial inclusion in agriculture and entrepreneurship. It begins by defining financial inclusion and noting that while women's access to formal accounts is increasing, a gender gap remains. It then examines constraints on both the demand and supply sides that limit women's financial inclusion. The document proposes that gender-transformative financial inclusion aims to create gender-equal financial systems by addressing these constraints at multiple levels through innovative partnerships and strategies focused on women's empowerment and changing enabling institutions and social norms. The goal is to transform the system, not just make women "bankable" within existing inequalities.
Ellie Howard travelled to Amman, Jordan in 2012 shadowing the work of Microfund for Women, both in the office and in the field. As well as completing an entry to the Grameen Jameel awards, and carrying out desk research, Ellie interviewed various staff within the organisation.
Content is also derived from interviews with other organisations in the region such as FINCA and Jordanian Insurance Company.
Ellie_howard@hotmail.co.uk
Women's Campaign International's IACM PowerPoint presentation on "The Connection between the Inclusion of Women and Sustainable Peace through the Lens of Theory, Policy, and Practice"
Background paper on gender responsive financial inclusion in africaDr. Jack Onyisi Abebe
This background paper highlights the current situation regarding gender responsive financial inclusion in Africa. It also highlights the key barriers that contribute towards creating and sustaining the gender gap in financial inclusion, including collateral challenges; the gender-blind approach to financial inclusion by financial institutions; asset ownership challenges among women; uncompetitive and high interest rates and bank charges offered by financial institutions; poor documentation and business history for accessing financial loan products by women entrepreneurs; challenges of formalization of businesses by women entrepreneurs among others. The paper also outlines concrete actions that all stakeholders and duty bearers should take to address the gender gap in financial inclusion in Africa.
This paper reports that financial inclusion for women, specifically access and usage of financial services and products is increasingly attracting great attention. Research and data reveal a trend in reducing the gender gap in access to and utilization of financial services with the introduction of digital literacy and mobile financial services and products in Africa. Although women are lagging behind men, women’s participation in financial inclusion has improved economic growth and better living standards in society. A synopsis is given of entrepreneurship and financial inclusion in Africa and of the methods through which financially excluded women could explore to improve their participation and benefit. Financial position and participation of women in financial inclusion were the focus of discussions by different actors, women entrepreneurs and stakeholders in a workshop gathering at the SEED Africa symposium held in Nairobi in 2016. The substance of the background paper is drawn from those discussions. The emerging good practices and innovative solutions together with the valued comments from participants are published herewith.
The document discusses building domestic financial systems that serve low-income populations, especially women. It outlines that microfinance institutions currently serve about 18 million low-income entrepreneurs across 40 countries. Building out retail capacity, a diversity of financial products, and domestic capital markets can help meet the needs of 500 million poor entrepreneurs and producers for savings, insurance, housing finance and more. Key actions include developing supportive policies, regulations and legal frameworks to encourage a range of sustainable microfinance providers at different stages of growth.
Presentation by Vincent Tophoff, Senior Technical Manager, IFAC, at the Contribution of the Comptroller General of Chile to Good Governance in the Public Sector, in Santiago,Chile, January 2015.
Governance and pitfalls in public procurement function in TanzaniaKassim Hussein
This document discusses governance in public procurement in Tanzania. It begins by defining governance and explaining why procurement needs good governance given the large portion of government budgets spent on procurement. Some pitfalls in procurement are then outlined, including a lack of oversight and corruption. The document also discusses whether procurement management units should take a more strategic role rather than just clerical work. It considers social and environmental factors that could be considered in procurement and debates whether state-owned enterprises should be preferred suppliers. While compliance is increasing, the document concludes there is still work to do in addressing ethics and ensuring value for money and local benefits in procurement.
Presentation by Vincent Tophoff, Senior Technical Manager, IFAC, at the Interagency Council on Enterprise Risk Management, in Washington, DC, January 20, 2015
This document provides information about the CFO of the Year 2016 Awards event organized by EY and Forbes to honor excellence among financial leaders. It shares details about the audience for the event, including demographics like gender (60% women, 40% men), age (50% over 50 years old), industry (59% real estate), and company size. The document also outlines the nomination and selection process for the awards, which recognizes chief financial officers who excel in categories like planning/budgeting, strategy, community involvement, risk management, and overall achievement. Past winners from 2014 and 2015 are listed.
This document discusses advocacy for minority contractors and economic development. It aims to eliminate barriers preventing growth of African American and minority owned businesses. It outlines economic benefits of building wealth for minorities such as higher paying jobs. However, minority businesses face challenges like lack of access to capital and contracting opportunities. The document proposes strategic goals and legislation to improve small business participation in state contracting and establish accountability for minority business utilization.
The document discusses the Washington Consensus and its effects on development. It examines three groups of factors within the Washington Consensus, and discusses current views on its successes and failures. Critics argue that inequality and lack of institutional support limited its effectiveness, and that distribution and social institutions play an important role in development. The role of trade, financial liberalization, and interventions are also debated. Overall, the document analyzes different perspectives on the Washington Consensus and its prescriptions for growth.
This document summarizes a survey report on tiered KYC intervention for migrants in Ethiopia. Key findings include:
- 79% of respondents did not have a valid ID, with women disproportionately affected (60% of those without valid ID).
- 85% of respondents did not have a bank account. Lack of valid ID was the main reason, especially for women (100% cited it).
- Common alternative savings methods like equb and trusting friends/relatives carry risks like losing money.
The report recommends conducting a larger survey as baseline data and addressing other constraints to access formal financial services in addition to lack of ID.
1) The document discusses the results of a survey of senior executives at multinational companies about their perceptions and experiences doing business in Africa.
2) While many opportunities exist due to Africa's rapid economic growth, over two-thirds of respondents said their companies were not currently doing business there.
3) Respondents identified concerns about corruption, lack of transparency, and unpredictable regulatory processes as barriers preventing greater investment in Africa. Improvements in these areas would increase business involvement.
4) Those with operations in Africa said a better understanding of local business cultures and closer partnerships with legal/financial advisors could help mitigate corruption risks.
This presentation by David Lewis was made at the first session of the 2014 Global Forum on Competition (27-28 February) which focused on fighting corruption and promoting competition. Find out more at http://www.oecd.org/competition/globalforum
Effective Bank Performance A Legal, Ethical or Moral Challengeijtsrd
The importance of banks and the banking activity have over the years been acknowledged by all actors in various sectors of human and national life as capital for the wellbeing of all. The duty placed on the banks is an enormous one that of a real locator of the scarce resource -money to seek a vital balance between those who have the resource and those who need the resource to invest for economic growth. Money happens to be the center of attraction for almost every activity as it serves as a medium of exchange of value. This leads to specifically high demand for it and access to it therefore becomes very problematic. Who should keep the money and on what conditions is it given out to those who need it What should be done with surpluses and what if there is deficit or shortage in supply These complex issues to be resolved have led to regulation on the banking activity at different levels. The banks will only efficiently perform their functions if these regulations are adhered to. Regulations though good, have demonstrated that not everyone is unanimous on how they should be employed and time has lent credence to the arguments that legislation alone cannot suffice to guarantee efficient bank performance. Reason why rules of ethics in banking and moral values have come not to compliment legislation but reinforce it such that an efficient bank performance would only be guaranteed by this trinity. Where the three do not coexist, or exist at variance, problems are bound to arise as is the case in Cameroon. Lukong Alban Bongwong "Effective Bank Performance: A Legal, Ethical or Moral Challenge?" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31702.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/31702/effective-bank-performance-a-legal-ethical-or-moral-challenge/lukong-alban-bongwong
This document discusses the Human Rights Campaign's Corporate Equality Index, Municipal Equality Index, and Healthcare Equality Index which evaluate LGBTQ inclusion and equality. It covers important terms related to gender and sexual orientation. It also discusses the indices' focus on non-discrimination policies, equitable benefits for employees, competency training, and public engagement efforts. The indices are presented as tools to help institutions advance inclusion and overcome legal and social challenges to equality.
The document discusses the globalization of virtual teams and the cross-cultural issues they face. It addresses how political, legal, and cultural factors must be considered to minimize delays. Cultural norms around gender roles, conflict avoidance, and language barriers can cause issues. Developing trust and understanding between virtual team members from different cultures requires training, clear expectations, and open communication.
The document discusses the lack of citizen participation in development policies like trade policies in Malawi and calls for strengthening the role of civil society organizations (CSOs) in policy processes to realize people's right to development. It notes CSOs have faced challenges participating meaningfully due to lack of information, analytical skills, and resources. The document makes recommendations to promote participatory structures, legal frameworks for CSO participation, and capacity building of CSOs and marginalized groups to ensure their voices are integrated in national development policies.
Corruption and Discrimination on the Basis of genderNaushad Ali
Corruption and Discrimination on the basis of Gender contain What is corruption, Reason behind corruption, Effect of Corruption etc. It also focuses on How Gender discrimination affects people.
The document summarizes the findings of a needs assessment survey distributed to 230 previous applicants and grantees of the Kent County Nonprofit Technical Assistance Fund. 85 nonprofit organizations responded. The majority of respondents were from health and human services nonprofits, with over half operating on budgets under $500,000. Respondents reported their top challenges as lack of staff time, competition for funding, and ineffective boards. While 44% saw increased funding in the last year, 39% saw decreases. The most critical needs were identified as fund development, marketing/communications, and board development. The top capacity building service desired was capacity building grants.
The document discusses political financing and lobbying in India. It notes that transparency is needed in the financing of political parties, as most funds come from unknown sources like businesses and corporations seeking future favors. It recommends requiring political parties to maintain standardized accounts, undergo audits, and implement internal democracy through laws to increase transparency and accountability. Internal democracy in political parties is seen as the final solution, as parties that are not democratic internally cannot be expected to respect democratic principles in governing the country.
This document discusses stakeholder engagement in the public sector. It defines stakeholders as any group that is affected by or can influence the entity's activities. Effective stakeholder engagement provides benefits like improved service delivery and risk management. The document recommends that public sector entities identify their stakeholders, understand their needs, and develop transparent communication strategies. It also advises creating a documented stakeholder engagement plan that identifies risks, objectives, and processes for relationship building and evaluation.
This document discusses gender-transformative financial inclusion in agriculture and entrepreneurship. It begins by defining financial inclusion and noting that while women's access to formal accounts is increasing, a gender gap remains. It then examines constraints on both the demand and supply sides that limit women's financial inclusion. The document proposes that gender-transformative financial inclusion aims to create gender-equal financial systems by addressing these constraints at multiple levels through innovative partnerships and strategies focused on women's empowerment and changing enabling institutions and social norms. The goal is to transform the system, not just make women "bankable" within existing inequalities.
Ellie Howard travelled to Amman, Jordan in 2012 shadowing the work of Microfund for Women, both in the office and in the field. As well as completing an entry to the Grameen Jameel awards, and carrying out desk research, Ellie interviewed various staff within the organisation.
Content is also derived from interviews with other organisations in the region such as FINCA and Jordanian Insurance Company.
Ellie_howard@hotmail.co.uk
Women's Campaign International's IACM PowerPoint presentation on "The Connection between the Inclusion of Women and Sustainable Peace through the Lens of Theory, Policy, and Practice"
Background paper on gender responsive financial inclusion in africaDr. Jack Onyisi Abebe
This background paper highlights the current situation regarding gender responsive financial inclusion in Africa. It also highlights the key barriers that contribute towards creating and sustaining the gender gap in financial inclusion, including collateral challenges; the gender-blind approach to financial inclusion by financial institutions; asset ownership challenges among women; uncompetitive and high interest rates and bank charges offered by financial institutions; poor documentation and business history for accessing financial loan products by women entrepreneurs; challenges of formalization of businesses by women entrepreneurs among others. The paper also outlines concrete actions that all stakeholders and duty bearers should take to address the gender gap in financial inclusion in Africa.
This paper reports that financial inclusion for women, specifically access and usage of financial services and products is increasingly attracting great attention. Research and data reveal a trend in reducing the gender gap in access to and utilization of financial services with the introduction of digital literacy and mobile financial services and products in Africa. Although women are lagging behind men, women’s participation in financial inclusion has improved economic growth and better living standards in society. A synopsis is given of entrepreneurship and financial inclusion in Africa and of the methods through which financially excluded women could explore to improve their participation and benefit. Financial position and participation of women in financial inclusion were the focus of discussions by different actors, women entrepreneurs and stakeholders in a workshop gathering at the SEED Africa symposium held in Nairobi in 2016. The substance of the background paper is drawn from those discussions. The emerging good practices and innovative solutions together with the valued comments from participants are published herewith.
The document discusses building domestic financial systems that serve low-income populations, especially women. It outlines that microfinance institutions currently serve about 18 million low-income entrepreneurs across 40 countries. Building out retail capacity, a diversity of financial products, and domestic capital markets can help meet the needs of 500 million poor entrepreneurs and producers for savings, insurance, housing finance and more. Key actions include developing supportive policies, regulations and legal frameworks to encourage a range of sustainable microfinance providers at different stages of growth.
Presentation by Vincent Tophoff, Senior Technical Manager, IFAC, at the Contribution of the Comptroller General of Chile to Good Governance in the Public Sector, in Santiago,Chile, January 2015.
Governance and pitfalls in public procurement function in TanzaniaKassim Hussein
This document discusses governance in public procurement in Tanzania. It begins by defining governance and explaining why procurement needs good governance given the large portion of government budgets spent on procurement. Some pitfalls in procurement are then outlined, including a lack of oversight and corruption. The document also discusses whether procurement management units should take a more strategic role rather than just clerical work. It considers social and environmental factors that could be considered in procurement and debates whether state-owned enterprises should be preferred suppliers. While compliance is increasing, the document concludes there is still work to do in addressing ethics and ensuring value for money and local benefits in procurement.
Presentation by Vincent Tophoff, Senior Technical Manager, IFAC, at the Interagency Council on Enterprise Risk Management, in Washington, DC, January 20, 2015
This document provides information about the CFO of the Year 2016 Awards event organized by EY and Forbes to honor excellence among financial leaders. It shares details about the audience for the event, including demographics like gender (60% women, 40% men), age (50% over 50 years old), industry (59% real estate), and company size. The document also outlines the nomination and selection process for the awards, which recognizes chief financial officers who excel in categories like planning/budgeting, strategy, community involvement, risk management, and overall achievement. Past winners from 2014 and 2015 are listed.
1) The document discusses challenges and opportunities for achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals, including data and financing gaps as well as the potential roles of private sector investment and digital technologies.
2) Key trends shaping development are discussed such as global economic shifts, weak investment growth, urbanization, and risks like fragility and climate change.
3) The World Bank Group's role in supporting countries' development paths toward the SDGs is outlined, including providing data, policy advice, and financing to governments and stimulating private sector involvement.
The document discusses good governance, anti-corruption, and financial management. It outlines the pillars of good governance as transparency, accountability, participation, and defines good governance as being anti-corruption. Corruption hurts the poor disproportionately and undermines development. Various organizations like Transparency International and the World Bank publish indices ranking countries on perceptions of corruption and ease of doing business. IFAD has a zero-tolerance policy on corruption and works to strengthen financial management, procurement, and accountability in funded projects.
The document discusses the political environment for businesses. It defines political environment and outlines the key political institutions in India - the legislature, executive, and judiciary. The legislature enacts laws and policies, the executive implements them, and the judiciary settles disputes and ensures laws are constitutional. The political system, stability, and supportive policies can significantly impact businesses.
Accountability and transparency in public administration can lead to good governance. They are prerequisites for public trust. When governments are transparent, with open budgets and financial statements, and officials are accountable for their actions and use of resources, it reduces corruption and maladministration. This builds integrity and legitimacy in government. However, corruption in the public sector, like in public works projects, can have large economic and human costs if transparency and accountability measures are not implemented properly.
Other highlights-from-the-5th-arab-policy-forum-july-2014 0Dr Lendy Spires
This document summarizes key discussions from the 5th Arab Policy Forum on Financial Inclusion held in Abu Dhabi in December 2013. The forum brought together over 70 policymakers from across the Arab world to discuss how to make financial systems more inclusive and equitable using the I-SIP (Inclusion-Stability-Integrity-Consumer Protection) framework. Some of the main topics discussed included the importance of financial inclusion for development and equality, the role of different financial institutions and new technologies in expanding access, and how greater inclusion can contribute to financial stability when regulations balance risks and benefits.
Other highlights-from-the-5th-arab-policy-forum-july-2014 0Dr Lendy Spires
This document summarizes key discussions from the 5th Arab Policy Forum on Financial Inclusion held in Abu Dhabi in December 2013. The forum brought together over 70 policymakers from across the Arab world to discuss how to make financial systems more inclusive and equitable using the I-SIP (Inclusion-Stability-Integrity-Consumer Protection) framework. Some of the main topics discussed included the importance of financial inclusion for development and equality, the role of different financial institutions like postal banks and microfinance institutions in expanding access, and how greater inclusion can contribute to financial stability when regulations balance risks and benefits.
Doing Business in Hargeisa 2012 measures regulations affecting businesses in Hargeisa, Somaliland and compares them internationally. Livestock is the main economic sector in Somaliland, contributing 60% to GDP. Relative peace has allowed a private sector to develop, with the diaspora providing most investment. The study analyzes regulations in 11 areas of business operation and identifies opportunities for improving the business environment. Access to electricity, finance, and political instability are major challenges for businesses in fragile states like Somaliland.
Accountability & transparency and good governance 28 08-2011DrShamsulArefin
The document discusses accountability, transparency, and their impact on public administration. It defines accountability as the obligation of public officials to report on the use of public resources and be answerable for failing to meet objectives. Transparency involves sharing information about government decisions and activities through open records and access to information. When governments are accountable and transparent, it reduces corruption, ensures optimal use of resources, and builds public trust. The implementation of accountability requires measures across procurement, financial management, disclosure, civil society involvement, complaints processes, codes of conduct, and sanctions.
In May 2016, Assent Compliance attended the OECD Forum in Paris. This webinar provides detailed insights and key takeaways from the forum. Download your copy here: http://assentcompliance-1.hs-sites.com/webinar-oecd-forum-2016
The document provides details about audit procedures for NGOs. It discusses how ACNABIN, an audit firm, conducts complete audits of NGOs following all relevant rules and regulations. NGO audits have special considerations as large amounts of foreign donations are involved, so authenticating these donations is important. Audits check for irregularities in areas like asset management, accounting standards compliance, and tax laws. Auditor recommendations aim to improve NGO performance, and follow-ups on past audits are done. Ensuring financial reporting transparency through accessible audit procedures can benefit multiple stakeholders.
How can developing countries participate of more sophisticated stages of GVC´sMaraJosDonosoFres
Developing countries have generally only reached limited manufacturing stages in global value chains (GVCs) due to characteristics associated with developing economies like inequality, poverty, unemployment, low skills, unstable economies, and poor infrastructure. These "weaknesses" are directly related to the key drivers of GVC participation like factor endowments, market size, and institutional quality. To participate in more sophisticated GVC stages, developing countries need to reduce inequality problems to promote innovation, and attract foreign direct investment by improving business environment factors like political stability, legal systems, infrastructure, and skilled labor. While not ideal, developing countries can also focus on exploiting natural resources and labor to participate in early GVC stages in the short term.
Supply- Demand of Capital in SE- East Africa (sanitaized) Faheem Noor Ali
This document summarizes findings from interviews with social enterprise investors and entrepreneurs in East Africa regarding the supply and demand of capital. It finds that there is a financing gap, as most funding available is for early-stage enterprises while entrepreneurs need funding to scale. There is also disagreement between investors and entrepreneurs over risk perceptions and definitions of social enterprise. Suggested interventions include providing technical assistance to strengthen entrepreneurs and mitigate investor risk through capital guarantees.
Remedies for curbing black economy and corruption.pdftrijya
The document discusses various remedies for curbing black economy and corruption. It discusses three main dimensions for remedies: 1) countering corruption and building integrity through proactive enforcement of rules and regulations, an effective legal framework and independent judiciary, and education on integrity and ethics. 2) Personnel management through merit-based recruitment and transparency. 3) Financial management through integrity pacts, accountability, and oversight mechanisms. It also notes the importance of monitoring corruption and involvement of both public and private sectors.
Donate to charity during this holiday seasonSERUDS INDIA
For people who have money and are philanthropic, there are infinite opportunities to gift a needy person or child a Merry Christmas. Even if you are living on a shoestring budget, you will be surprised at how much you can do.
Donate Us
https://serudsindia.org/how-to-donate-to-charity-during-this-holiday-season/
#charityforchildren, #donateforchildren, #donateclothesforchildren, #donatebooksforchildren, #donatetoysforchildren, #sponsorforchildren, #sponsorclothesforchildren, #sponsorbooksforchildren, #sponsortoysforchildren, #seruds, #kurnool
About Potato, The scientific name of the plant is Solanum tuberosum (L).Christina Parmionova
The potato is a starchy root vegetable native to the Americas that is consumed as a staple food in many parts of the world. Potatoes are tubers of the plant Solanum tuberosum, a perennial in the nightshade family Solanaceae. Wild potato species can be found from the southern United States to southern Chile
Synopsis (short abstract) In December 2023, the UN General Assembly proclaimed 30 May as the International Day of Potato.
Food safety, prepare for the unexpected - So what can be done in order to be ready to address food safety, food Consumers, food producers and manufacturers, food transporters, food businesses, food retailers can ...
Contributi dei parlamentari del PD - Contributi L. 3/2019Partito democratico
DI SEGUITO SONO PUBBLICATI, AI SENSI DELL'ART. 11 DELLA LEGGE N. 3/2019, GLI IMPORTI RICEVUTI DALL'ENTRATA IN VIGORE DELLA SUDDETTA NORMA (31/01/2019) E FINO AL MESE SOLARE ANTECEDENTE QUELLO DELLA PUBBLICAZIONE SUL PRESENTE SITO
United Nations World Oceans Day 2024; June 8th " Awaken new dephts".Christina Parmionova
The program will expand our perspectives and appreciation for our blue planet, build new foundations for our relationship to the ocean, and ignite a wave of action toward necessary change.
Combined Illegal, Unregulated and Unreported (IUU) Vessel List.Christina Parmionova
The best available, up-to-date information on all fishing and related vessels that appear on the illegal, unregulated, and unreported (IUU) fishing vessel lists published by Regional Fisheries Management Organisations (RFMOs) and related organisations. The aim of the site is to improve the effectiveness of the original IUU lists as a tool for a wide variety of stakeholders to better understand and combat illegal fishing and broader fisheries crime.
To date, the following regional organisations maintain or share lists of vessels that have been found to carry out or support IUU fishing within their own or adjacent convention areas and/or species of competence:
Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR)
Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna (CCSBT)
General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM)
Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission (IATTC)
International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT)
Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC)
Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organisation (NAFO)
North East Atlantic Fisheries Commission (NEAFC)
North Pacific Fisheries Commission (NPFC)
South East Atlantic Fisheries Organisation (SEAFO)
South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organisation (SPRFMO)
Southern Indian Ocean Fisheries Agreement (SIOFA)
Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC)
The Combined IUU Fishing Vessel List merges all these sources into one list that provides a single reference point to identify whether a vessel is currently IUU listed. Vessels that have been IUU listed in the past and subsequently delisted (for example because of a change in ownership, or because the vessel is no longer in service) are also retained on the site, so that the site contains a full historic record of IUU listed fishing vessels.
Unlike the IUU lists published on individual RFMO websites, which may update vessel details infrequently or not at all, the Combined IUU Fishing Vessel List is kept up to date with the best available information regarding changes to vessel identity, flag state, ownership, location, and operations.
This report explores the significance of border towns and spaces for strengthening responses to young people on the move. In particular it explores the linkages of young people to local service centres with the aim of further developing service, protection, and support strategies for migrant children in border areas across the region. The report is based on a small-scale fieldwork study in the border towns of Chipata and Katete in Zambia conducted in July 2023. Border towns and spaces provide a rich source of information about issues related to the informal or irregular movement of young people across borders, including smuggling and trafficking. They can help build a picture of the nature and scope of the type of movement young migrants undertake and also the forms of protection available to them. Border towns and spaces also provide a lens through which we can better understand the vulnerabilities of young people on the move and, critically, the strategies they use to navigate challenges and access support.
The findings in this report highlight some of the key factors shaping the experiences and vulnerabilities of young people on the move – particularly their proximity to border spaces and how this affects the risks that they face. The report describes strategies that young people on the move employ to remain below the radar of visibility to state and non-state actors due to fear of arrest, detention, and deportation while also trying to keep themselves safe and access support in border towns. These strategies of (in)visibility provide a way to protect themselves yet at the same time also heighten some of the risks young people face as their vulnerabilities are not always recognised by those who could offer support.
In this report we show that the realities and challenges of life and migration in this region and in Zambia need to be better understood for support to be strengthened and tuned to meet the specific needs of young people on the move. This includes understanding the role of state and non-state stakeholders, the impact of laws and policies and, critically, the experiences of the young people themselves. We provide recommendations for immediate action, recommendations for programming to support young people on the move in the two towns that would reduce risk for young people in this area, and recommendations for longer term policy advocacy.
1. The World Bank
Governance &
Anticorruption Core
Course, page ‹#›
Improving Governance in
Developing Countries
Presented by:
Sanjay Pradhan
Director
Public Sector
Governance Board
The World Bank
Governance & Anticorruption
Core Course
Presented to:
2. The World Bank
Governance &
Anticorruption Core
Course, page ‹#›
Focus for Today: Outline
Importance of Good
Governance & Anticorruption
Governance: Framework &
Measurement
Priority Areas for Improving
Governance
Operational Strategy on
Anticorruption
3. The World Bank
Governance &
Anticorruption Core
Course, page ‹#›
Governance – Good and Bad
Lessons from the last 50 years
Some governments have helped deliver
substantial improvements in income, health
and education outcomes (East Asia)
In other countries, governmental action has
resulted in wasted resources, weak
investment and growth, and entrenched
corruption
4. The World Bank
Governance &
Anticorruption Core
Course, page ‹#›
Good Governance matters for
investment and growth
10%
15%
20%
High Medium Low
% Investment share in GDP
High Medium Low
-1.5%
0%
1%
2%
1.5%
-0.5%
-1.0%
0.5%
Income per capita Growth Rate
Governance Quality
Governance Quality measured by perception of 4000 firms in 67 countries on: (i) protection of property rights; (ii) judicial
reliability; (iii) predictability of rules; (iv) control of corruption. World Development Report Survey 1997
5. The World Bank
Governance &
Anticorruption Core
Course, page ‹#›
The direction of causality …
Burkhart and Lewis-Beck (1994) found
that while higher per capita incomes
foster democracy, democracy in turn
does not foster higher incomes
B. Friedman (2005) argues that higher
living standards encourage more open,
tolerant and democratic societies
Growth causes governance to
improve ...
… and better governance causes
growth
Using measures of rule of law, bureaucratic
quality and corruption, Chong and Calderon
(2000) found significant causality from good
governance to growth and vice versa – i.e.
“good governance” both contributes to and
results from strong economic performance
Other studies have dealt with the potential for
reverse causation by using exogenous
instruments for the governance indicators and
concluded that good governance has a
significant and strong causal impact on
economic performance …
… but the debate on causality continues …
6. The World Bank
Governance &
Anticorruption Core
Course, page ‹#›
Bangladesh
Governance – Growth Conundrum
Moderate growth rates and high corruption coexist
Need to unbundle governance – not all bad news
State allowed civil society to step in and deliver key services
Is Bangladesh’s governance ‘good enough’?
Bangladesh needs to move to a higher growth path of 6-7% a year to
achieve the PRSP’s poverty reduction objectives and related MDGs
Growth rates may not be sustainable – growth is driven largely by garment
exports and phase out of the MFA quota system puts this growth at risk
Fiduciary and reputational risk to Bank significant
Improving governance is key to unlocking other sources of growth
According to the 2005 ICA, corruption is now the greatest obstacle to doing
business, overtaking power
Bangladesh remains fairly isolated from the world economy and is unable
to capitalize on the growth dividend that globalization might bring. Trade
openness is very low (Bangladesh ranks 175 out of 182 countries), as is
FDI (Bangladesh ranks 137 out of 141 countries). Attracting FDI would
require significant improvements in the investment climate
Improving critical infrastructure, especially power and ports, requires
solving fundamental governance problems in each sector
7. The World Bank
Governance &
Anticorruption Core
Course, page ‹#›
Focus for Today: Outline
Importance of Good
Governance & Anticorruption
Governance: Framework
Priority Areas for Improving
Governance
Operational Strategy on
Anticorruption
8. The World Bank
Governance &
Anticorruption Core
Course, page ‹#›
Governance & Corruption – Not the same thing!
The manner in which the State
acquires and exercises its
authority to provide public
goods and services
Using public office for
private gain
Governance
Corruption
Corruption is an outcome – a consequence of the failure of
accountability relationships in the governance system
9. The World Bank
Governance &
Anticorruption Core
Course, page ‹#›
Governance Systems: Supply and Demand
Supply-side: Capacities and organizational
arrangements – leadership, skills, human resource
and financial management systems – embodied in
state institutions to deliver public goods and
services
Demand-side: Institutions and accountability
arrangements – elections, political parties,
parliaments, judicial systems, free press, civil
society organizations, accountable local
governments – that enable citizens and firms to
hold state institutions to account
10. The World Bank
Governance &
Anticorruption Core
Course, page ‹#›
Governance Systems:
Actors, Capacities and Accountability
Outcomes:
Services,
Regulations,
Corruption
Political Actors & Institutions
• Political Parties
• Competition, transparency
Executive-Central Govt
Service Delivery &
Regulatory Agencies
Subnational Govt &
Communities
Check &
Balance
Institutions
• Parliament
• Judiciary
• Oversight
institutions
Civil Society
& Private
Sector
•Civil Society
Watchdogs
•Media
•Business
Associations
Cross-cutting Control
Agencies (Finance, HR)
Citizens/Firms
Citizens/Firms
Citizens/Firms
Citizens/Firms
11. The World Bank
Governance &
Anticorruption Core
Course, page ‹#›
Governance Systems:
When Accountability Breaks Down
Outcomes:
Services,
Regulations,
Corruption
Political Actors & Institutions
• Political Parties
• Competition, transparency
Executive-Central Govt
Service Delivery &
Regulatory Agencies
Subnational Govt &
Communities
Check &
Balance
Institutions
• Parliament
• Judiciary
• Oversight
institutions
Civil Society
& Private
Sector
•Civil Society
Watchdogs
•Media
•Business
Associations
Cross-cutting Control
Agencies (Finance, HR)
Citizens/Firms
Citizens/Firms
Citizens/Firms
Citizens/Firms
State
Capture
Patronag
e &
nepotis
m
administrati
ve
corruption
12. The World Bank
Governance &
Anticorruption Core
Course, page ‹#›
Governance Problems: Some Examples
Grand Corruption: State Capture
Leaders plundering state assets (Mobutu, Abacha)
Powerful “oligarchs” buying state officials (CIS)
Corrupt leaders colluding with corrupt investors: non-
competitive, non-transparent award of contracts (oil & gas)
Nepotism and Patronage in Public Service
Political pressure for award of contracts, appointments
Politicized transfers (South Asia)
Administrative (Petty) Corruption & Inefficiency:
Bribes for licenses, permits, government services
Diversion of funds for public programs
Inefficient and ineffective service delivery
13. The World Bank
Governance &
Anticorruption Core
Course, page ‹#›
Two Governance Patterns
Good (enough) governance: Developmental
orientation of political leadership, functional check
& balances, system not highest performing but
mutually reinforcing and self-correcting
Clientelist: Political leaders use authority to
maintain their power base or are captured by
powerful private interests. Leaders bypass check
and balance institutions and use bureaucracy for
patronage.
14. The World Bank
Governance &
Anticorruption Core
Course, page ‹#›
Political Accountability
• Political competition, broad-based political parties
• Transparency & regulation of party financing
• Disclosure of parliamentary votes
Checks & Balances
• Independent,
effective judiciary
• Legislative oversight
(PACs, PECs)
• Independent
oversight institutions
(SAI)
• Global initiatives:
UN, OECD
Convention, anti-
money laundering
Citizens/Firms
Citizens/Firms
Citizens/Firms Citizens/Firms
Decentralization and Local Participation
• Decentralization with accountability
• Community Driven Development (CDD)
• Oversight by parent-teacher associations & user groups
• Beneficiary participation in projects
Civil Society & Media
• Freedom of press, FOI
• Civil society watchdogs
• Report cards, client surveys
Private Sector Interface
• Streamlined regulation
• Public-private dialogue
• Extractive Industry
Transparency
• Corporate governance
• Collective business
associations
Effective Public
Sector Management
• Ethical leadership: asset
declaration, conflict of
interest rules
• Cross-cutting public
management systems:
meritocracy, public
finance, procurement
• Service delivery and
regulatory agencies in
sectors
Good Governance has many dimensions
15. The World Bank
Governance &
Anticorruption Core
Course, page ‹#›
Political Accountability
• Political competition, broad-based political parties
• Transparency & regulation of party financing
• Disclosure of parliamentary votes
Checks & Balances
• Independent,
effective judiciary
• Legislative oversight
(PACs, PECs)
• Independent
oversight institutions
(SAI)
• Global initiatives:
UN, OECD
Convention, anti-
money laundering
Citizens/Firms
Citizens/Firms
Citizens/Firms Citizens/Firms
Local Participation & Community Empowerment
• Decentralization with accountability
• Community Driven Development (CDD)
• Oversight by parent-teacher associations & user groups
• Beneficiary participation in projects
Civil Society & Media
• Freedom of press
• Freedom of information
• Civil society watchdogs
• Public hearings of draft laws
• Report cards, client surveys
• Participatory country
diagnostic surveys
Private Sector Interface
• Streamlined regulation
• Public-private dialogue
• Break-up of monopolies
• Extractive Industry
Transparency
• Corporate governance
• Collective business
associations
Effective Public
Sector Management
• Ethical leadership: asset
declaration, conflict of
interest rules
• Cross-cutting public
management systems:
meritocracy, public
finance, procurement
• Service delivery and
regulatory agencies in
sectors
The Bank operations focus only on some
Primary focus
of WB
operations in
governance
16. The World Bank
Governance &
Anticorruption Core
Course, page ‹#›
Operational Implication: Unpack Governance
What are the specific governance problems of
concern?
Corruption? If so, where is it concentrated? Health? Education? Financial
sector? Procurement?
Poor delivery of public services? If so, which one?
Weak credibility for private investment?
What are the specific drivers of poor outcomes?
Powerful interests purchasing state policy for private interest
Kick-backs in public procurement
Lack of citizen voice to influence service delivery
Weak checks and balances to constrain arbitrary action
What are the priorities for governance reform?
Public regulation and financing of political parties
Transparent, competitive procurement
Strengthened legislative oversight, independent judiciary
Meritocracy in public administration
17. The World Bank
Governance &
Anticorruption Core
Course, page ‹#›
Focus for Today: Outline
Importance of Good
Governance & Anticorruption
Governance: Measurement
Priority Areas for Improving
Governance
Operational Strategy on
Anticorruption
18. The World Bank
Governance &
Anticorruption Core
Course, page ‹#›
Two Approaches to Measuring Governance
Broad and Aggregated: Broad
measures to measure governance at more
aggregated levels. Help reveal systematic
patterns – and basis for monitoring trends
over time.
Specific and Disaggregated: Specific
measures of quality of key governance
subsystems, including using “actionable
indicators” to benchmark and track reforms.
19. The World Bank
Governance &
Anticorruption Core
Course, page ‹#›
Control of Corruption: one Aggregate Indicator
(selected countries from 204 worldwide, for illustration, based on 2004 research data)
-2.5
0
2.5
EQUATORIALGUINEA
KOREA,NORTH
TURKMENISTAN
UZBEKISTAN
TAJIKISTAN
BANGLADESH
VENEZUELA
ZAMBIA
RUSSIA
KOREA,SOUTH
MAURITIUS
SOUTHAFRICA
GREECE
ITALY
BOTSWANA
SLOVENIA
CHILE
FRANCE
SPAIN
UNITEDKINGDOM
NETHERLANDS
NORWAY
NEWZEALAND
FINLAND
Poor Gov-
ernance
Governance
Level
Margins
of ErrorGood
Governance
Source for data: : 'Governance Matters IV: Governance Indicators for 1996-2004’, D. Kaufmann, A. Kraay and M. Mastruzzi,
(http://www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance/govdata/); Colors are assigned according to the following criteria: Dark Red, bottom 10th percentile rank; Light
Red between 10th and 25th ; Orange, between 25th and 50th ; Yellow, between 50th and 75th ; Light Green between 75th and 90th ; Dark Green above 90th.
20. The World Bank
Governance &
Anticorruption Core
Course, page ‹#›
Comprehensive Fiscal
oversight:
Are the aggregate fiscal
position and risks are
monitored and managed?
Information:
Is adequate fiscal, revenue and expenditure
information produced and disseminated to meet
decision-making and management purposes?
Comprehensive,
Policy-based, budget:
Does the budget
capture all relevant
fiscal transactions, and
is the process, giving
regard to government
policy?
Budget Realism:
Is the budget
realistic, and
implemented as
intended in a
predictable manner?
Control:
Is effective control and
stewardship exercised
in the use of public
funds?
Accountability and
Transparency:
Are effective external
financial accountability
and transparency
arrangements in place?
PEFA’s Performance
Measurement Framework
Six PFM
System
Aspects
21. The World Bank
Governance &
Anticorruption Core
Course, page ‹#›
The “Bribe Fee” List
Unofficial payments by firms in Ukraine
Enterprises
Type of License/Service/”Favor” Average fee required admitting need to pay
(1996) “unofficially”
Enterprise registration $176 66%
Each visit by fire/health inspector $42 81%
Tax inspector (each regular visit) $87 51%
Telephone line installation $894 78%
Lease in state space (square ft. per month) $7 66%
Export license/registration $123 61%
Import license/registration $278 71%
Border crossing (lump sum) $211 100%
Border crossing (percent of value) 3% 57%
Domestic currency loan from bank on 4% 81%
preferential terms (percent of value)
Hard currency loan on preferential 4% 85%
terms (percent of value)
22. The World Bank
Governance &
Anticorruption Core
Course, page ‹#›
Citizen Report Card of Government Services:
Latvia
0 10 20 30 40
Percent giving favorable rating
Post Office
State Educational Institutions
Office of Social Benefits
Polyclinic/Health Services
Agency of Immigration &
Citizenship
Prosecutor
Customs Service
Courts
Local Housing Authority
Police
23. The World Bank
Governance &
Anticorruption Core
Course, page ‹#›
5
10
15
20
25
30
Proportion of firms
affected by capture of …
Hungary Estonia Russia Ukraine
Parliamentary Votes
Presidential Admin. Decrees
Civil Court Decrees
The Challenge of State Capture
24. The World Bank
Governance &
Anticorruption Core
Course, page ‹#›
Focus for Today: Outline
Importance of Good
Governance & Anticorruption
Governance: Framework &
Measurement
Priority Areas for Improving
Governance
Operational Strategy on
Anticorruption
25. The World Bank
Governance &
Anticorruption Core
Course, page ‹#›
Priority Areas for Improving Governance
Strengthening Public Management Systems
Strengthening public finance management & accountability
E-procurement for greater transparency and competition
Improving front-line service provision
Instituting citizen report cards and monitoring
Strengthen community monitoring and oversight
Strengthening Leadership & Ethics for good
governance
Strengthening global checks and balances:
Instituting transparency in extractive industries
Strengthening global initiatives to curb transnational corruption
26. The World Bank
Governance &
Anticorruption Core
Course, page ‹#›
The new
international aid
architecture
emphasizes the
principle of mutual
accountability
Scaling up of donor
assistance requires
sound PFM systems
and reduced
corruption in partner
countries
Strengthening PFM Systems a key priority
Increasing
recognition that
"ringfencing"
projects will not work
Important benefits from
using country's own
systems -- but need to
strengthen capacity and
accountability of PFM
27. The World Bank
Governance &
Anticorruption Core
Course, page ‹#›
Budget realism Tanzania MTEF
Budget
Comprehensiveness
Oversight by CSOs &
Professional groups
Information
AAA support merging planning and budgeting in
Lesotho
Control
IFMIS in Sierra Leone, accounting training in
Africa
Civil society monitoring of Chad Oil Fund,
Professional Accountancy Institutions in DRC,
Mali, Guinea and Kenya
Internal control and audit support in HIPCs
Bank interventions to build capacity:
multiple targets and tools (AFR)
Parliamentary
Oversight
Support for Parliamentary oversight in Ghana,
Kenya and Zambia; Supreme Audit Institutions in
Cape Verde, Sierra Leone and Senegal
28. The World Bank
Governance &
Anticorruption Core
Course, page ‹#›
‘Demand-side’ interventions to
strengthen accountability in PFM
Participatory
Budgeting,
Puerto Alegra
(Brazil)
Civil Society Oversight;
transparent, competitive
procurement
(Slovakia)
Strengthening Supreme
Audit Institutions
(Hungary)
Public Expenditure Tracking & Information Campaigns
(Cambodia, Cameroon, Ghana, Madagascar, Mozambique, Papua New
Guinea, Peru, Rwanda, Senegal, Tanzania, and Zambia and on-going in
Azerbaijan and Yemen)
Procurement
oversight by
CSOs
(Philippines)
Strengthening Public
Accounts Committees of
Parliament
(India)
Transparent,
competitive e-
procurement
(LAC)
Strengthening Public
Accounts Committees
of Parliament
(Kenya, Ghana, Zambia --
AFR)
29. The World Bank
Governance &
Anticorruption Core
Course, page ‹#›
All supplier companies register, indicating areas
of business (e.g., IT, construction, furniture)
Public agencies submit tenders through internet
Automatic e-mail to all companies in selected area
Online information on name, position of official in-charge
Online information on results: who participated,
proposals made, scores received, who won bid, historical
record of agency’s purchases and contracts
Chile’s Internet-based Public Procurement:
Transparency and Competition
30. The World Bank
Governance &
Anticorruption Core
Course, page ‹#›
Civil Society Monitoring for Improved
Service Provision: Bangalore
5 6 4
9
25
1
14
41
47
42
67
34 34
16
32 32
73
94
73
92
73
78
85
96
77
n/a n/a
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
C
ity
council
ElectricityW
atersupply
Telephones
Public
hospitals
PoliceLand
authorityPublic
buses
Transportauthority
Agencies
%satisfied
1994 1999 2003
Source : Public Affairs Center, India
31. The World Bank
Governance &
Anticorruption Core
Course, page ‹#›
Transparency & Community Monitoring:
Primary Education in Uganda
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
1990 1991 1993 1994 1995
US$ per
Student
Intended Grant Amount Received by School (mean)
1999
Public info campaign
32. The World Bank
Governance &
Anticorruption Core
Course, page ‹#›
“BIR Officials Amass Unexplained Wealth”
By Tess Bacalla , Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism
CAR MODEL BENEFICIAL OWNER REGISTERED OWNER
Nissan Patrol Edwin Abella
BIR Reg'l Director,
Quezon City
Sulpicio S. Bulanon Jr.
1817 Jordan Plains Subd.,
Quezon City (listed address of
Abella in his SALs)
Suzuki Grand
Vitara
Ditto Merrick Abella (son of Abella)
24 Xavierville, Loyola Heights,
Q uezon City
Nissan Cefiro Ditto Elizabeth S. Buendia
152 Road 8, Pag-asa, Quezon City
BMW Lucien E. Sayuno
BIR Reg'l Director,
Makati City
Limtra Dev. Corp.
Zone 4, Dasmariñas, Cavite
BMW Ditto Marie Rachel D. Meneses
c/o Metrocor and Holdings, G&F,
Makati City
Honda Accord Danilo A. Duncano
BIR Reg'l Director,
Quezon City
Daniel Anthony P. Duncano
2618 JP Rizal, New Capital Estate,
Quezon City
Mitsubishi L200 Corazon P. Pangcog
Asst.Reg'l Director,
Valenzuela City
Alberto P. Pangcog (husband)
B2 L23 Lagro Subd., Quezon City
Honda CR-V Ditto Alberto P. Pangcog
9 Ricardo St., Carmel 1 Subd.,
Quezon City
Honda CR-V Ditto Ditto
BMW Flordeliza P.Villegas
Revenue District Of’cer
Cabanatuan City
Charito P. Sico
8 Ma.Elena St., Carmel 1 Subd.,
Quezon City
Owner: Regional Director in the Bureau of Internal Revenue; forced to resign;
currently facing corruption charges; other officials suspended, also facing charges
Media,Transparency, and Combating Corruption
33. The World Bank
Governance &
Anticorruption Core
Course, page ‹#›
Leadership & Ethics
Beyond accountability systems, leadership and
ethics in public service shape standards of
governance and anticorruption
Leaders set standards for integrity, catalyze
politically difficult change
Way forward is to empower and develop critical
mass of reform-minded leaders committed to
integrity
Innovative pilots in transformational leadership to
engender paradigm shift: Madagascar, Burundi,
Kenya
Global Integrity Alliance: Peer support network of
public officials committed to ethics in public
service
34. The World Bank
Governance &
Anticorruption Core
Course, page ‹#›
Strengthening Public Service Ethics
5 Cs to Counter Corruption
Strengthen
Values & Ethics:
Counter
Corruption
Commitment to
Contribute
Connectedness
Courage Cosmology
Care & Compassion
Overcoming insecurity &
incessant quest for
material acquisitions
Creating a sense of
belonging to society Creating a sense of
Compassion to care for the
more needy in society
Creating a commitment to public
service – to give v/s take
Broaden vision by seeing
life in the context of
the huge universe
Source: H.H. Sri Sri Ravishankar (Founder, IAHV) @ The International Anticorruption Conference, Korea
35. The World Bank
Governance &
Anticorruption Core
Course, page ‹#›
Recent global initiatives to curb
transnational corruption
OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign
Public Officials (1997)
UN Convention Against Corruption Treaty (2003) – 94
countries join
Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering (FATF)
(1989) -- 40 Recommendations (2003)
Recovery of proceeds from corruption (Nigeria 2005)
Publish What You Pay, Extractive Industries
Transparency Initiative
World Bank blacklists corrupt firms
Transparency International Principles for countering
bribery
Governance Network of OECD DAC (GOVNET)
Norway’s ‘Doers’ Network on Anticorruption (2004)
36. The World Bank
Governance &
Anticorruption Core
Course, page ‹#›
Extractive Industries Transparency
Initiative: Key Principles
Independent review of payments made to the
government by oil, gas and mining companies and
of revenues received by government from those
companies by a reputable third party (i.e. audit firm).
Publication in a readily accessible form of payments
made by the companies and of revenues received by
government.
Extension of all of the above to companies including
state owned enterprises.
Active engagement of all stakeholders in the design,
monitoring, and implementation process.
Commitment to a work plan and timelines for
implementation.
37. The World Bank
Governance &
Anticorruption Core
Course, page ‹#›
Focus for Today: Outline
Importance of Good
Governance & Anticorruption
Governance: Framework &
Measurement
Priority Areas for Improving
Governance
Operational Strategy on
Anticorruption
38. The World Bank
Governance &
Anticorruption Core
Course, page ‹#›
Fiduciary Risk
That donor
resources will not
be used for the
purposes intended
Reputational Risk
That large amounts of
aid in countries with
corrupt leaders will
tarnish donors’
reputation
Development
Effectiveness Risk
That poor governance-
corruption will undermine
the impact of
development efforts in
general and in donor-
supported projects
Corruption pose three significant risks
39. The World Bank
Governance &
Anticorruption Core
Course, page ‹#›
1 Afghanistan
2 Angola
3 Azerbaijan
4 Bangladesh
5 Belarus
6 Cambodia
7 Central African. Rep.
8 Chad
9 Comoros
10 Congo, Dem. Rep.
11 Cote D'Ivoire
12 Djibouti
13 Equatorial Guinea
14 Gambia, The
15 Guinea
16 Guinea-Bissau
17 Haiti
18 Iraq
19 Kazakhstan
20 Korea, North
21 Kyrgyz Rep.
22 Lao, PDR
23 Lebanon
24 Liberia
25 Libya
26 Myanmar
27 Nigeria
28 Paraguay
29 Sierra Leone
30 Somalia
31 Sudan
32 Swaziland
33 Tajikistan
34 Togo
35 Turkmenistan
36 Uzbekistan
37 Venezuela
38 Yemen, Rep.
39 Zimbabwe
(Countries in blue are inactive
WB borrowers)
Notes: Data on left: Countries listed in alphabetical order using 2004 data. These countries scored in the bottom quartile on the main corruption question in the World Bank’s 2004
CPIA which covered 135 countries AND scored in the bottom quartile on the 5 questions on broader governance issues in the 2004 CPIA OR scored in the bottom quartile on the 2004
Control of Corruption component of the WBI/DEC Kaufmann-Kraay Aggregate Governance Indicator. Countries not included in the 2004 CPIA but included in the WBI/DEC index are
here if they fell in the bottom quartile of that index (Afghanistan, Iraq, North Korea, Liberia, Libya, Myanmar, and Somalia). This list includes inactive borrowers and ineligible countries.
Inactive countries are defined as those with no lending/grants in SAP for FY04-06.
Challenges in Identifying High-Risk
Countries
Country
Rank
Country
Source: TI Corruption
Perceptions Index (CPI) 2005
2005
CPI
Score
117 Afghanistan, Bolivia, Ecuador
Guatemala, Guyana, Libya
Nepal, Philippines, Uganda
2.5
126 Albania, Niger, Russia, Sierra
Leone
2.4
130 Burundi, Cambodia, Congo
(Republic), Georgia, Kyrgyzstan,
Papua New Guinea
2.3
137 Azerbaijan, Cameroon, Ethiopia,
Indonesia, Iraq, Liberia, Uzbekistan
2.2
144 Congo (Democratic Republic),
Kenya, Pakistan, Paraguay,
Somalia, Sudan, Tajikistan
2.1
151 Angola 2.0
152 Cote d’Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea,
Nigeria
1.9
155 Haiti, Myanmar, Turkmenistan 1.8
158 Bangladesh, Chad 1.7
40. The World Bank
Governance &
Anticorruption Core
Course, page ‹#›
Help countries that
request support in
their efforts to
reduce corruption
Prevent fraud and
corruption in
donor-financed
projects
Anticorruption as
key filter in design
of country
assistance
strategies
Support international
efforts to reduce
corruption
Anti-Corruption Strategy
World Bank
41. The World Bank
Governance &
Anticorruption Core
Course, page ‹#›
Addressing Corruption in CAS’s
Systematic diagnosis of the nature & drivers of corruption
Aid amount linked to level of corruption
Actions to address the most significant development risks
posed by corruption:
Reducing corruption in key sources of growth, service delivery
Actions to mitigate reputational risk from grand corruption:
Transparency in major procurement deals, asset declaration,
Actions to mitigate fiduciary risk:
Enhanced fiduciary safeguards in projects, PFM assessment for
using budget support
Political economy assessments to identify feasible actions
Coordinated donor action for complementarities and collective
impact
42. The World Bank
Governance &
Anticorruption Core
Course, page ‹#›
Russia
(customs/treasury)
Colombia
(diagnostics
& civil society)
Jordan
(civil society)
Major programs launched…
Pakistan
(devolution)
Ghana (PE
accountability)
Albania
(public admin.)
Guatemala
(diagnostic
to action
program)
Tanzania
(PSR) Ethiopia
(decentralization)
Cambodia
(PE; forestry)
Ukraine
(tax admin)
Gabon
(water/electricity)
Kyrgyz Republic
(governance reform)
Latvia
(inspections)
India – Andra Pradesh
(power; e-gov); Karnataka
(right to info)
Indonesia
(local
governance)
Uganda
(education)
Philippines
(procurement)
Bangladesh
(NGOs in
social sectors)
…with some evidence of success
43. The World Bank
Governance &
Anticorruption Core
Course, page ‹#›
Lessons learned:
Deeper challenges in high-risk countries
These appear to be working when the
underlying environment is conducive:
Committed leadership
Coalition for reform
Capacity
State capture and corrupt leadership in clientelistic states
Powerful vested interests and political obstacles
Weak ‘demand’ pressures for reform – limited voice, media freedoms, civil rights, etc.
Political drivers of corruption (e.g., lack of political competition, party financing)
Strong on PFM
diagnostics
Emphasis on core public
management reforms
Good at technocratic
solutions and design
Deeper underlying challenges
44. The World Bank
Governance &
Anticorruption Core
Course, page ‹#›
Reducing corruption in high-risk countries:
Priorities for action in the next stage
Better understanding and management of
political economy of reforms
Tackling political corruption (e.g. party finance,
electoral corruption, etc. ) with partners
Partnerships and new instruments to support
demand-side initiatives: working with civil
society, media, parliamentarians
Tackle political drivers of governance challenges
in sectors (e.g., power, ports, EI)
Develop operational strategies to engage with
corrupt leadership in clientelist, captured states