The document outlines the World Bank's strategy to strengthen engagement on governance and anti-corruption. It identifies mechanisms to build transparent and accountable institutions, improve monitoring of corruption in World Bank projects, and take a harmonized approach with other development partners. Key elements of the strategy include addressing governance issues and corruption at the project, country, and global levels.
"Role of Urban Governance in Time of Pandemic"ESD UNU-IAS
"Role of Urban Governance in Time of Pandemic"
Dr. Remy Sietchiping, Chief Policy, Legislation and Governance Section at UN- Habitat, Kenya
10th African Regional RCE Meeting
1 & 15 September, 2020
Paper focus on the status of urban local bodies in the Indian context, their role and importance in making urban areas more livable and sustainable, roadblocks hampering their operational efficiencies and options to make them vibrant institutions of governance
"Role of Urban Governance in Time of Pandemic"ESD UNU-IAS
"Role of Urban Governance in Time of Pandemic"
Dr. Remy Sietchiping, Chief Policy, Legislation and Governance Section at UN- Habitat, Kenya
10th African Regional RCE Meeting
1 & 15 September, 2020
Paper focus on the status of urban local bodies in the Indian context, their role and importance in making urban areas more livable and sustainable, roadblocks hampering their operational efficiencies and options to make them vibrant institutions of governance
Suburban poverty affects over 16.4 million people across the U.S. and is growing rapidly, significantly outpacing the growth rate of urban poverty over the last decade (64% vs. 29%). Experts suggest that the problem of suburban poverty is “the new normal.” While the basic needs of the poor in the suburbs are similar to those of the urban poor (e.g. education inequity, poor access to quality healthcare etc.), there are some critical systemic differences (e.g. limited transportation options, jurisdictional challenges etc.). These challenges are further exacerbated by the lack of awareness and understanding of the problem and
potential solutions.
Philosophy of Local Government - Why Local Self Government?Ravikant Joshi
This presentation is about underlying philosophy on which concept of Local Self Governments is based. It examines Why of the Local Self Government Institutions.
Popular Participation & Decentralization in AfricaJamaity
At the end of World War II, all but three African nations (Ethiopia, Liberia and South
Africa) were ruled by some European State. Then the independence movement began:
first in North Africa with Libya (1951), and over the next five years, Egypt, the Sudan.
Tunisia and Morocco. The Sub-Saharan States soon followed, beginning with Ghana
(1957) and, by 1990, 42 other countries. Being newly independent and largely poor,
the thinking was that if a country could come up with a national plan for generating
and investing a sufficient amount of funds in a manner consistent with macro stability,
then that country would have met the pre-conditions for development. It would
be a “State” (central government) — led process whereby “the flexibility to implement
policies by technocrats was accorded price-of-place and accountability through checks
and balances was regarded as an encumbrance” (World Bank, WDR, 1997). It was not
an unreasonable strategy: national governments populated by good advisers and with
external technical and financial assistance would put the country on the sure path to
growth and development
The Constitutional Transitions Clinic ‘back office’ has, from 2011 to 2014, prepared
a series of thematic, comparative research reports on issues in constitutional design
that have arisen in the Middle East and North Africa. Zaid Al-Ali, Senior Adviser on
Constitution Building at International IDEA, acted as an adviser on these reports and
oversaw International IDEA’s participation in the report-drafting process. The United
Nations Development Programme’s Regional Center provided both material and
substantive support in relation to the last three of the six reports.
The first three of these reports are jointly published by Constitutional Transitions and
International IDEA. The second three are jointly published by Constitutional Transitions,
International IDEA and the United Nations Development Programme. The reports are
intended to be used as an engagement tools in support of constitution-building activities
in the region. The full list of reports is:
• Constitutional Courts after the Arab Spring: Appointment Mechanisms and Relative
Judicial Independence (Spring 2014)
• Semi-Presidentialism as Power Sharing: Constitutional reform after the Arab Spring
(Spring 2014)
• Political Party Finance Regulation: Constitutional reform after the Arab Spring (Spring
2014)
• Anti-Corruption: Constitutional Frameworks for the Middle East and North Africa (Fall
2014)
• Decentralization in Unitary States: Constitutional Frameworks for the Middle East
and North Africa (Fall 2014)
• Oil and Natural Gas: Constitutional Frameworks for the Middle East and North
Africa (Fall 2014)
Wa David JA Douglas -‘New Regionalism’ as the New Local Development Paradigm?OECD CFE
Material of the 10th Annual meeting of the OECD LEED Forum on Partnerships and Local Development |23-25 April 2014 | Stockholm, Sweden
More info http://www.oecd.org/cfe/leed/10th-fplg-meeting.htm
Youth demands for the New Urban Agenda (Habitat III)Alice Junqueira
This document’s goal is to contribute to the international conversation about youth and cities governance and it’s importance to the urban sustainable development agenda.
The work is specially aimed to contribute to the discussions of The Third United Nations Conference on Housing and Sustainable Urban Development (Habitat III) - The New Urban Agenda (NUA), but it should not be restricted to it. Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development, Population and Development Agenda, Human Rights Agenda, and other international agendas are also agendas to which the urban issue is central, since we live in an urban world and cities are core to achieve more just and sustainable societies.
HLEG thematic workshop on Measurement of Well Being and Development in Africa...StatsCommunications
HLEG thematic workshop on Measurement of Well Being and Development in Africa, 12-14 November 2015, Durban, South Africa, More information at: www.oecd.org/statistics/measuring-economic-social-progress
Suburban poverty affects over 16.4 million people across the U.S. and is growing rapidly, significantly outpacing the growth rate of urban poverty over the last decade (64% vs. 29%). Experts suggest that the problem of suburban poverty is “the new normal.” While the basic needs of the poor in the suburbs are similar to those of the urban poor (e.g. education inequity, poor access to quality healthcare etc.), there are some critical systemic differences (e.g. limited transportation options, jurisdictional challenges etc.). These challenges are further exacerbated by the lack of awareness and understanding of the problem and
potential solutions.
Philosophy of Local Government - Why Local Self Government?Ravikant Joshi
This presentation is about underlying philosophy on which concept of Local Self Governments is based. It examines Why of the Local Self Government Institutions.
Popular Participation & Decentralization in AfricaJamaity
At the end of World War II, all but three African nations (Ethiopia, Liberia and South
Africa) were ruled by some European State. Then the independence movement began:
first in North Africa with Libya (1951), and over the next five years, Egypt, the Sudan.
Tunisia and Morocco. The Sub-Saharan States soon followed, beginning with Ghana
(1957) and, by 1990, 42 other countries. Being newly independent and largely poor,
the thinking was that if a country could come up with a national plan for generating
and investing a sufficient amount of funds in a manner consistent with macro stability,
then that country would have met the pre-conditions for development. It would
be a “State” (central government) — led process whereby “the flexibility to implement
policies by technocrats was accorded price-of-place and accountability through checks
and balances was regarded as an encumbrance” (World Bank, WDR, 1997). It was not
an unreasonable strategy: national governments populated by good advisers and with
external technical and financial assistance would put the country on the sure path to
growth and development
The Constitutional Transitions Clinic ‘back office’ has, from 2011 to 2014, prepared
a series of thematic, comparative research reports on issues in constitutional design
that have arisen in the Middle East and North Africa. Zaid Al-Ali, Senior Adviser on
Constitution Building at International IDEA, acted as an adviser on these reports and
oversaw International IDEA’s participation in the report-drafting process. The United
Nations Development Programme’s Regional Center provided both material and
substantive support in relation to the last three of the six reports.
The first three of these reports are jointly published by Constitutional Transitions and
International IDEA. The second three are jointly published by Constitutional Transitions,
International IDEA and the United Nations Development Programme. The reports are
intended to be used as an engagement tools in support of constitution-building activities
in the region. The full list of reports is:
• Constitutional Courts after the Arab Spring: Appointment Mechanisms and Relative
Judicial Independence (Spring 2014)
• Semi-Presidentialism as Power Sharing: Constitutional reform after the Arab Spring
(Spring 2014)
• Political Party Finance Regulation: Constitutional reform after the Arab Spring (Spring
2014)
• Anti-Corruption: Constitutional Frameworks for the Middle East and North Africa (Fall
2014)
• Decentralization in Unitary States: Constitutional Frameworks for the Middle East
and North Africa (Fall 2014)
• Oil and Natural Gas: Constitutional Frameworks for the Middle East and North
Africa (Fall 2014)
Wa David JA Douglas -‘New Regionalism’ as the New Local Development Paradigm?OECD CFE
Material of the 10th Annual meeting of the OECD LEED Forum on Partnerships and Local Development |23-25 April 2014 | Stockholm, Sweden
More info http://www.oecd.org/cfe/leed/10th-fplg-meeting.htm
Youth demands for the New Urban Agenda (Habitat III)Alice Junqueira
This document’s goal is to contribute to the international conversation about youth and cities governance and it’s importance to the urban sustainable development agenda.
The work is specially aimed to contribute to the discussions of The Third United Nations Conference on Housing and Sustainable Urban Development (Habitat III) - The New Urban Agenda (NUA), but it should not be restricted to it. Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development, Population and Development Agenda, Human Rights Agenda, and other international agendas are also agendas to which the urban issue is central, since we live in an urban world and cities are core to achieve more just and sustainable societies.
HLEG thematic workshop on Measurement of Well Being and Development in Africa...StatsCommunications
HLEG thematic workshop on Measurement of Well Being and Development in Africa, 12-14 November 2015, Durban, South Africa, More information at: www.oecd.org/statistics/measuring-economic-social-progress
Presentation by the OECD on Encouraging Open Data in Governments made at the ...OECD Governance
This presentation by Barbara Ubaldi (OECD) was made at the OECD conference on Innovating the Public Sector: From Ideas to Impact (12-13 November 2014). For more information visit the OECD Observatory of Public Sector Innovation: https://www.oecd.org/governance/observatory-public-sector-innovation/events/.
Presentation by Vincent Tophoff, IFAC Senior Technical Manager at the INTOSAI Subcommittee on Internal Control Standards Annual Meeting, May 27-28, 2014
Presentation with background and case studies on corruption in the water and sanitation sector. The presentation was developed by John Butterworth as part of the work of IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre for the Water Integrity Network.
Volume 2, 2009 International Journal on Governmental Financial Management
The State of Budget Transparency Worldwide, Vivek Ramkumar
International Public Sector Accounting Standards Board Review the Cash Basis IPSAS: An Opportunity to Influence Developments, Paul Sutcliffe
The Cash Basis IPSAS – An Alternative View, Michael Parry and Andy Wynne
Using Periodic Audits to Prevent Catastrophic Project Failure Paul Dorsey
Framework for Evaluating Internal Controls over Financial Reporting in Sovereign Governments, Jawahar Thakur and Nalin Kumar Srivastava
Short-Comings of Government Financial Management: A Generational Accounting Critique, Liyan Tang and Paul J M Klumpes
Investigating the Governmental Accounting Reform of Greek National Health System: Some Preliminary Evidence, Filippos Stamatiadis
Nigeria’s Economic Competitiveness in the African Context, John C Anyanwu and Andrew E O Erhijakpor
How Finance can help in the ASEAN integration. Integrated reporting explained.
I did this presentation a few months ago, but it is still as valid as it gets. Looking forward to how ASEAN learns from the wins and loses of the EU.
Recent public financial management publications and other resourcesicgfmconference
As initiated in our last issue, we end this issue with a section introducing recent public financial management publications and other resources which we hope will be of interest to readers of the Journal. We would be pleased to receive reviews and suggestions of other resources which we should refer to in future issues.
Commercialised supply of training & certification to improve quality and safe...ILRI
Presentation by Amos Omore to Conference on Climate Change Adaptation Strategies, Capacity Building and Agricultural Innovations to Improve Livelihoods in Eastern and Central Africa: Post-Copenhagen, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 7 – 9 June 2010
Forensic Accounting and Integrated Financial Reporting of Banks using HausmanIJAEMSJORNAL
This study examined forensic accounting and integrated financial reporting of listed banks in Ghana. The study aimed to examine forensic accounting effects on the integrated financial reporting of the listed banks. Its specific objectives determined the impact Litigations, Claims, Fraud cases reported, Cost of forensic investigation and Non-performing loans (LCFCN) have on integrated financial reporting variables such as corporate social responsibility – CSR. Integrated financial reporting (IFR) is the dependent variable while forensic accounting (FA) is the independent variable. In line with these stated objectives, five research questions and five hypotheses were formulated and it adopted the ex-post facto research design. The population of study constitutes 24 listed banks in Ghana, only 8 listed banks was selected through a purposive sampling. The data for the study was purely secondary and sourced from related books of the banks via Central Banks bulletin (Ghana), African financials and banks reports for a period of 16years from 2004-2020. Moreover, data were analyzed using the descriptive statistics, the Shapiro -Wilk test for a diagnostic check for normality and a combination of the panel regression analysis with the Hausman test which aided appropriately specification whether the analysis should be done with a fixed effect or random effect model of which the fixed effect was used for the interpretation at (P 0.050 < 0.10). In nations analyzed, the results among others demonstrated that forensic accounting and integrated financial reporting were statistically significant at 1%, 5%, and 10% as claims is positive and have significant effect on CSR (β = 64687.53, P<0.10); Non-performing loans is statistically significant and had a negative effect on CSR (β = -2.934, P= 0.054 @ 0.10). The study hence concludes that the effective implementation of forensic accounting had a constructive and significant effect on the integrated financial reporting of listed banks in Ghana. The study recommends among others that the apex banks should mandate banks to incorporate forensic accounting when reassessing their employability skill set, report production, debt administration and management, and portray fairness virtue in their reporting system so as to attract more investment and positive public image.
3.0 Project 2_ Developing My Brand Identity Kit.pptxtanyjahb
A personal brand exploration presentation summarizes an individual's unique qualities and goals, covering strengths, values, passions, and target audience. It helps individuals understand what makes them stand out, their desired image, and how they aim to achieve it.
In the Adani-Hindenburg case, what is SEBI investigating.pptxAdani case
Adani SEBI investigation revealed that the latter had sought information from five foreign jurisdictions concerning the holdings of the firm’s foreign portfolio investors (FPIs) in relation to the alleged violations of the MPS Regulations. Nevertheless, the economic interest of the twelve FPIs based in tax haven jurisdictions still needs to be determined. The Adani Group firms classed these FPIs as public shareholders. According to Hindenburg, FPIs were used to get around regulatory standards.
Top mailing list providers in the USA.pptxJeremyPeirce1
Discover the top mailing list providers in the USA, offering targeted lists, segmentation, and analytics to optimize your marketing campaigns and drive engagement.
Building Your Employer Brand with Social MediaLuanWise
Presented at The Global HR Summit, 6th June 2024
In this keynote, Luan Wise will provide invaluable insights to elevate your employer brand on social media platforms including LinkedIn, Facebook, Instagram, X (formerly Twitter) and TikTok. You'll learn how compelling content can authentically showcase your company culture, values, and employee experiences to support your talent acquisition and retention objectives. Additionally, you'll understand the power of employee advocacy to amplify reach and engagement – helping to position your organization as an employer of choice in today's competitive talent landscape.
Tata Group Dials Taiwan for Its Chipmaking Ambition in Gujarat’s DholeraAvirahi City Dholera
The Tata Group, a titan of Indian industry, is making waves with its advanced talks with Taiwanese chipmakers Powerchip Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation (PSMC) and UMC Group. The goal? Establishing a cutting-edge semiconductor fabrication unit (fab) in Dholera, Gujarat. This isn’t just any project; it’s a potential game changer for India’s chipmaking aspirations and a boon for investors seeking promising residential projects in dholera sir.
Visit : https://www.avirahi.com/blog/tata-group-dials-taiwan-for-its-chipmaking-ambition-in-gujarats-dholera/
B2B payments are rapidly changing. Find out the 5 key questions you need to be asking yourself to be sure you are mastering B2B payments today. Learn more at www.BlueSnap.com.
Anny Serafina Love - Letter of Recommendation by Kellen Harkins, MS.AnnySerafinaLove
This letter, written by Kellen Harkins, Course Director at Full Sail University, commends Anny Love's exemplary performance in the Video Sharing Platforms class. It highlights her dedication, willingness to challenge herself, and exceptional skills in production, editing, and marketing across various video platforms like YouTube, TikTok, and Instagram.
Recruiting in the Digital Age: A Social Media MasterclassLuanWise
In this masterclass, presented at the Global HR Summit on 5th June 2024, Luan Wise explored the essential features of social media platforms that support talent acquisition, including LinkedIn, Facebook, Instagram, X (formerly Twitter) and TikTok.
Implicitly or explicitly all competing businesses employ a strategy to select a mix
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Navigating the world of forex trading can be challenging, especially for beginners. To help you make an informed decision, we have comprehensively compared the best forex brokers in India for 2024. This article, reviewed by Top Forex Brokers Review, will cover featured award winners, the best forex brokers, featured offers, the best copy trading platforms, the best forex brokers for beginners, the best MetaTrader brokers, and recently updated reviews. We will focus on FP Markets, Black Bull, EightCap, IC Markets, and Octa.
1. Sanjay Pradhan Director, Public Sector Governance Poverty Reduction & Economic Management The World Bank Strengthening World Bank Group Engagement on Governance & Anticorruption
2. Outline Entry Points for Governance Reform Why Focus on Governance & Corruption? Discussion 1. 3. 2. Background The World Bank’s Strategy: Moving Forward 4.
3.
4.
5. GAC Consultations (Nov. 2006 – Feb. 2007) AFR Burkina Faso, Botswana, Cameroon, Kenya, Mauritania, Mozambique, Republic of Congo, Rwanda, Senegal, Tanzania, Uganda LAC Argentina, Bolivia, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, IACC EAP Australia, Cambodia, China, Japan, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Mongolia, New Zealand, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam MNA Egypt, Jordan (planned), Morocco, Tunisia (planned), Yemen ECA Albania, Bulgaria, Georgia, Moldova, Russia Europe Brussels, the Hague, London, Madrid, OECD, Paris, Rome, Stockholm North America Ottawa, Washington DC (IMF, MDBs, US Government, CSOs, private sector, unions) SAR Bangladesh, India, Nepal Consultations were held in 35 developing countries, 12 donor countries, and four global events, reaching more than 3,200 stakeholders worldwide.
6.
7.
8. Outline Entry Points for Governance Reform Discussion 1. 3. 2. The World Bank’s Strategy: Moving Forward 4. Background Why Focus on Governance & Corruption?
9. Where is the development ‘nexus’? Policies? Governance? Business climate? Institutions? Productivity?
10.
11. Policies matter for aid effectiveness and growth Good policies enable aid to have an impact on growth Source: Burnside, Dollar, 2004.
12. Outline Background Why Focus on Governance & Corruption? Discussion 1. 3. 2. Entry Points for Governance Reform The World Bank’s Strategy: Moving Forward 4.
13. The World Bank is helping countries to improve governance through various ‘entry-points’ Public Management Public financial management & procurement, monitored by PEFA Administrative & civil service reform Governance in Sectors Transparency & participation Competition in service provision Sector-level corruption issues (EITI, forestry) Civil Society, Media & Oversight Institutions State oversight institutions (parliament, judiciary, SAI) Transparency & participation (FOI, asset declaration, user participation & oversight) Civil society & media Local Governance Community-driven development Local government transparency Downward accountability Private Sector Competitive investment climate Responsible private sector Coalition building across stakeholders B2,
14.
15. Tackling Corruption in Key Sectors Manufacturing Registration Selection Procurement Distribution Prescription & Disbursement Random inspections Monitoring based on transparent & uniform standards Tracking systems User surveys Media coverage of drug selection committee meetings Transparency Reference: Jillian Clare Cohen, Assistant Professor, Faculty of Pharmacy and Director, Comparative Program on Health & Society, University of Toronto Tracing Vulnerabilities in Pharmaceuticals
16. Corruption in the Health Sector Source: Chapter in Ed Campos and Sanjay Pradhan, The Many Faces of Corruption: Tracking Vulnerabilities at the Sector Level (World Bank, forthcoming) Members of the Board of Directors of the Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social (CCSS), skimmed $39 million Finnish government loan and $40 million Spanish loan Grand corruption in Costa Rica Quantified leakage at different levels of government (greater at the higher levels); evidence that poorer municipalities affected the most; diversion of funds to cover operational costs Corruption in local governments in Peru 2.4% of all workers on the payroll at health facilities considered ‘ghosts’. Absenteeism estimated at 27% Corruption and weak controls at central agencies in Honduras Citizens “audits” in Mexico revealed that 90% of government transfer to Provida as part of the women’s health program had been inappropriately used Administrative corruption in Mexico Embezzlement and theft from the health budget or user-fee revenue; corruption in procurement; payment systems; pharmaceutical supply chain; and health service delivery.
17. Forestry Sector: The Life of a Log From illegal to legal Local logger: $2.20 Local broker: $20.00 Foreign middle man: $160.00 Foreign lumber processor: $710.00 Exporter of sawn timber: $800.00 US trader: $1,000.00
18. Satellite monitoring Local communities/ third party Tracking system: timber cut for export vs. exported lumber (value) IKEA Model: Log Certification International Code of Conduct Increase Supply thru Fast Growing Trees Forestry Sector: The Life of a Log
19.
20.
21. A constellation of checks and balances Executive Subnational governments and autonomous oversight agencies Legislature Judiciary Civil Society Media Broader International Community Building the “Demand-Side”
22. Strengthening Demand for Public Financial Accountability Participatory Budgeting, Puerto Alegra (Brazil) Civil Society Oversight; transparent, competitive procurement (Slovakia) Strengthening Supreme Audit Institutions (Hungary) Public Expenditure Tracking & Information Campaigns (Ghana, Madagascar, Mozambique, Peru, Senegal, Tanzania, Zambia ) Procurement oversight by CSOs (Philippines) Strengthening Public Accounts Committees of Parliament (India) Transparent, competitive e-procurement (LAC) Strengthening Public Accounts Committees of Parliament (Kenya, Ghana, Zambia -- AFR) Accountability, Transparency & Integrity Project (Tanzania) Key Issue: Instrument to Support Demand-side Interventions
23. Empowering Citizens with Information Can Reduce “Leakages” 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 1990 1991 1993 1994 1995 Equiv. US$ per student Intended grant Actual grant received by primary school (means) 1999 Source: Uganda Public Expenditure Tracking Surveys Tracking Education Dollars in Uganda Public info campaign
24. Civil Society Monitoring Service Provision: Bangalore Source: Public Affairs Center, India 5 6 4 9 25 1 14 41 47 42 67 34 34 16 32 32 73 94 73 92 73 78 85 96 77 n/a n/a 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 City council Electricity Water supply Telephones Public hospitals Police Land authority Public buses Transport authority Agencies Percent Satisfied 1994 1999 2003
25. “ BIR [Tax Collector] Officials Amass Unexplained Wealth” By Tess Bacalla , Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism CAR MODEL BENEFICIAL OWNER REGISTERED OWNER Nissan Patrol Edwin Abella BIR Reg'l Director, Quezon City Sulpicio S. Bulanon Jr. 1817 Jordan Plains Subd., Quezon City (listed address of Abella in his SALs) Suzuki Grand Vitara Ditto Merrick Abella (son of Abella) 24 Xavierville, Loyola Heights, Q uezon City Nissan Cefiro Ditto Elizabeth S. Buendia 152 Road 8, Pag - asa, Quezon City BMW Lucien E. Sayuno BIR Reg'l Director, Makati City Limtra Dev. Corp. Zone 4, Dasmariñas, Cavite BMW Ditto Marie Rachel D. Mene ses c/o Metrocor and Holdings, G&F, Makati City Honda Accord Danilo A. Duncano BIR Reg'l Director, Quezon City Daniel Anthony P. Duncano 2618 JP Rizal, New Capital Estate, Quezon City Mitsubishi L200 Corazon P. Pangcog Asst. Reg'l Director, Valenzuela City Alberto P. Pangcog (husband) B2 L23 Lagro Subd., Quezon City Honda CR - V Ditto Alberto P. Pangcog 9 Ricardo St., Carmel 1 Subd., Quezon City Owner: Regional Director in the Bureau of Internal Revenue; forced to resign; currently facing corruption charges; other officials suspended, also facing charges Media, Transparency & Combating Corruption
26.
27. Corruption is not just a developing country problem Source: “Are Foreign Investors and Multinationals Engaging in Corrupt Practices in Transition Economies?” by Kaufmann, Hellman, Jones, in Transition , May-June 2000. Note: Survey Question was “How often nowadays do firms like yours need to make extra, unofficial payments to public officials to gain government contracts?” Firms responding “sometimes” or “more frequently” were classified as paying kickbacks. These figures are subject to significant margins of error and thus should be regarded as approximate. Percentage of firms that pay public procurement kickbacks by country of origin of foreign direct investment (2000)
28. Media Private Sector Municipal Government Military State (Bureaucracy) Political Parties Civil Society International Legislative Branch Judiciary Entrenched Corruption Networks: The Case on Montesinos in Peru Source: “Robust Web of Corruption: Peru’s Intelligence Chief Vladimiro Montesinos,” Kennedy School of Government Case Program, Case C14-04-1722.0, based on research by Professor Luis Moreno Ocampo; Peru: Resource Dependency Network, 2000 Vladimiro Montesinos Alberto Fujimori 1
29. Outline Background Why Focus on Governance & Corruption? Discussion 1. 3. 2. 4. Entry Points for Governance Reform The World Bank’s Strategy: Moving Forward
30. Project Level Combating corruption in World Bank Group operations Country Level Deepening support to countries to strengthen governance Global Level Working with development partners, sharing experience & addressing transnational issues Key Elements of World Bank’s Strategy
31.
32.
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34. Coalitions with civil society, private sector, parliamentarians, and others to combat entrenched corruption networks Donor Collaboration MDB harmonization in high-risk settings to avoid ‘mixed-signals’; coordinated donor action to support demand-side initiatives Global Collective Action Against Corruption Global & Regional Conventions (UNCAC, OECD, AU, OAS, Asia-Pacific Action Plan) need to be enforced to curb transnational corruption & facilitate asset recovery
35.
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38. Thank You The World Bank 1818 H Street, NW Washington, D.C. 20433 USA “ Working for a World Free of Poverty” For additional information, see: http://www.worldbank.org
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Editor's Notes
This presentation should be viewed as a resource, to help guide consultation teams. We strongly encourage consultation teams to adapt the presentation to country context, so that it is useful both in advancing the country dialogue on governance and in collecting feedback on the Bank’s strategy. Out of the 19 slides, there are only five core slides, to communicate the essence of the strategy, as it currently stands 6: 3 levels of strategy 9: actions at the country level 12: actions at the project level 15: actions at the global level 18: questions on which the Exec Board specifically asked for feedback There is a great deal of flexibility in shaping the presentation so that it is appropriate given the country setting.
Key messages: to reassure participants that poverty reduction is still the main mission of the Bank to explain why governance matters for development
One main finding of the Lessons from the 1990s was that there is no one reform “formula”-- reforms that yield growth in one country don’t always work in others. The study also showed that what ignites growth is different than what sustains it. Research on growth determinants (Rodrik) Fundamentals matter: well developed institutions, technological innovation, access to markets, financial market development Sound economic principles: competition, property rights, appropriate monetary policy, fiscal solvency Provides little guidance on specific reforms
The effect of aid on growth appears to depend on the level of policy . When policy is bad, the level of aid seems to have little impact on growth (if anything, a slightly negative impact). For countries with good policies, aid increases growth. Burnside, Craig, David Dollar, Aid, Policies, and Growth: Revisiting the Evidence, World Bank Policy Research Paper 3251, March 2004 The chart presents results from OLS regressions. The dependent variable is unexplained growth , the residual from regressing per capita GDP growth on controls other than aid and policy. In the regression used for this chart, the right hand side variables are nine dummy variables that represent 33- and 67-percent histogram bins for unexplained aid and policy, both obtained by regressing these variables on the other righthand-side variables (controls) in the full regression equation. For the original regression the following variables were used: Dependent variable : log of net aid receipts of each developing country (annual average in the 1980s); Independent variables : log per capita income in 1980 (and its square); log population in 1980 (and its square); and the averages, in the 1980s, of two institutional quality measures : the ICRG rule of law index (which ranges from 1 to 6, where higher number indicates better rule of law) and the Freedom House democracy index (ranging from 1 to 3, where a higher number is more authoritarian).
CORE SLIDE Key messages: to clarify that there are many entry points for governance reform, and the choice depends on country context while there are many examples of good work in all these areas, the Bank has historically focused within governance primarily on public management The Bank wants to scale up work in the other four areas, as appropriate and in partnership with other donors: these are the frontiers building multistakeholder constituencies for reform are a critical aspect of managing the reform process
Implications of underestimates for governance work There is a need for development of institutional checks and balances - including financial, professional, or even criminal penalties – to ensure production of less deceptive cost estimates. The work on such checks and balances should focus, among other things, on increasing transparency at all project stages; use of performance indicators; explicit formulation of regulatory regimes for project development and implementation; and Involvement of private risk capital, even in public projects
Uganda’s struggle to get its substantial education spending to the intended targets was for many years a frustrating exercise, until 1998, when the government made an important decision…. As the new education budget was announced for 1999, details were given to the press about how much money was to go to each school district. Suddenly, when the public was armed with information, the results improved dramatically.
Dramatic improvements across nine city agencies between 1994 and 2003. Improvement even in city council, electricity, telephones across three report cards. Other services, hospitals, police, land, buses see huge improvements between 1999 and 2003. BATF tell similar story.
Key messages: corruption is a transnational problem, and must be addressed through global collective action donor countries bear responsibility for ensuring that businesses originating in their countries do not undermine governments in aid recipient countries by engaging in corruption
CORE SLIDE Key messages: the strategy is not only about anticorruption in Bank projects it is about helping countries strengthen governance to enable development as well as transnational issues, such as asset recovery and the role of multinationals from developed countries in corruption
Country-specific questions can be modified, as appropriate For example, if a particular sector is an issue, the consultation team may want to feature a question on it if country has been engaged in governance reform for a long time, the team may want to ask what has worked and why?
Main messages: Before sanctions reform, the sanctions regime only covered fraud and corruption that occurred in the course of procurement. This left out a number of project participants who may not go through the procurement process, such as NGOs or financial intermediaries. The World Bank has introduced new Anti-Corruption Guidelines , which set out the basic requirements for preventing and combating fraud and corruption in Bank-financed projects. These Guidelines will be incorporated by reference into the Bank’s legal agreements with its borrowers. The anti-corruption provisions in the Bank’s General Conditions , the standard terms and conditions that govern its lending, have been strengthened. It is important to note that, while sanctions reform is clearly closely related to the GAC initiative, it was on a separate track . Sanctions reform was developed by Bank staff over a period of about 2 years and was extensively discussed with the Bank’s Executive Directors over the course of several months before it was approved by a consensus of the Bank’s Board on August 1, 2006. Sanctions reform became effective on October 15, 2006 . It applies to all new Bank financed projects for which a “Project Concept Note”—the document that begins the process of preparing a Bank financed project—is issued on or after that date. Sanctions reform is not part of these consultations —but we thought it would be important to let you know about it, as it is an important pillar of the Bank’s efforts to prevent and combat corruption in Bank financed projects. NB: See talking points for more detail on the above, plus background on what the sanctions regime is.
CORE SLIDE Key messages: donor coordination is vital, especially in more challenging settings, so that donors do not undermine progress in governance at the country level; the MBD harmonization is presently focusing on harmonizing investigative procedures to facilitate cross-debarment, but this is not enough; venues such as the OECD-DAC GovNet, where bilateral and multilateral donors come together to share practice and coordinate approaches, are critical global conventions, such as the OECD Anti-bribery Convention and the UN Convention Against Corruption, are important, but to have impact they also need to be implemented; the OECD ABC is largely unimplemented and UNCAC is too new to assess; the Bank is very open to helping countries that request assistance in implementing UNCAC the regional dimension of the multi-partner, multi-country collaboration strategy is also of high importance, such as working closely with New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD), the African Union, the UN Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA), regional bodies under the FATF, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Forum (APEC), and the Organization of American States (OAS), (in particular, in their regional peer review and related anticorruption and good governance mechanisms and initiatives). multi-stakeholder coalitions in support of reform are critical for battling entrenched networks of corruption – leaders in government, civil society, and private sector need to be connected up and empowered For a list of global and regional conventions, see: http://www.transparency.org/global_priorities/international_conventions. International anti-corruption conventions and selected instruments include the following: At the global and inter-regional level: i) UN Convention against Corruption (UNCAC); ii) United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC); iii) OECD Convention on the Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions (OECD Convention); iv) Revised Recommendation of the Council of the OECD on Combating Bribery in International Business Transactions. In Africa: i) AU Convention on Preventing and Combating Corruption (AU Convention); ii) SADC Protocol against Corruption (SADC Protocol); iii) ECOWAS Protocol on the Fight against Corruption (ECOWAS Protocol); in the Americas: i) The Inter-American Convention against Corruption (OAS Convention); in Asia: i) ADB-OECD Action Plan for Asia-Pacific (Action Plan); and in Europe: i) Council of Europe Criminal Law Convention; ii) Council of Europe Civil Law Convention; iii) Resolution (99) 5 of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe: Agreement Establishing the Group of States against Corruption; iv) Resolution (97) 24 of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe: Twenty Guiding Principles for the Fight against Corruption; v) European Union Convention on the Protection of the Communities' Financial Interests and the Fight against Corruption and two Protocols; and vi) European Union Convention on the Fight against Corruption involving officials of the European Communities or officials of Member States.
Country-specific questions can be modified, as appropriate For example, if a particular sector is an issue, the consultation team may want to feature a question on it if country has been engaged in governance reform for a long time, the team may want to ask what has worked and why?