iSCSi , FCSAN ,FC protocol stack and Infini bandAkash Gupta
This document provides an overview and comparison of different storage networking technologies: iSCSI, Fibre Channel (FC), and InfiniBand. It describes what each technology is, its benefits, and key aspects of its protocol stack. iSCSI allows sending SCSI commands over IP networks for low-cost SANs. FC is a gigabit protocol primarily used for storage networking with high bandwidth and scalability. InfiniBand defines a new high-performance interconnect for servers with low latency and bandwidth up to 30Gbps.
iSCSI allows storage devices to be accessed over IP networks rather than direct attaching via SCSI cables. It works by encapsulating SCSI commands and data within TCP packets. Key points:
- iSCSI targets export storage as logical units (LUNs) over iSCSI. Initiators can then access these LUNs remotely over IP networks.
- This allows centralized storage consolidation and disaster recovery mirroring between data centers connected via IP.
- Security features include CHAP authentication of initiators and targets as well as logical/physical network isolation of iSCSI traffic.
- Challenges include the different performance characteristics of SCSI versus TCP/IP networks, such as higher delays over WAN
This document discusses Fibre Channel storage area networks (SANs). It covers SAN components like host bus adapters, storage arrays, switches, and cabling. Fibre Channel SAN connectivity options include point-to-point, arbitrated loop, and switched fabric. The document also examines Fibre Channel addressing, protocols, and data organization. Key topics covered include Fibre Channel protocol stack, world wide names, frame structure, and SAN management software.
PCIe and PCIe driver in WEC7 (Windows Embedded compact 7)gnkeshava
This document provides an overview of PCI and PCI Express buses. It defines PCI as a parallel bus standard introduced in 1993 to connect peripherals to the computer. PCI Express is described as a newer serial standard introduced in 2004 that offers improvements over PCI like higher throughput and hot plugging support. The document outlines key differences between the two standards and provides details on PCI Express architecture including root complexes, endpoints, switches, and bridges. It also covers topics like PCI Express lanes, connectors, configuration space, and memory mapping. In the end it provides a brief introduction to PCI bus drivers in the Windows environment.
The document discusses implementing PCIe Address Translation Services (ATS) in ARM-based systems-on-chips (SoCs). It describes an example ARM server system with various components like CPUs, memory controllers, and I/O devices. It then explains how ATS works to improve memory access performance by allowing devices to cache address translations locally instead of relying solely on the IOMMU. The document outlines the typical components involved in ATS like the address translation cache, translating agent, and address translation protection table. It also describes how the ARM System MMU (SMMU) implements ATS and supports distributed address translation caching by endpoints.
This document provides an overview of the PCI Express physical layer technology. It discusses the lane counts and data rates supported by different PCIe versions. It describes the three logical layers of PCIe and divides the physical layer into logical and electrical sub-blocks. It explains several key physical layer technologies including 8b/10b encoding, data scrambling, de-emphasis, and link training. Link training negotiates link parameters and ensures synchronization between devices on the link.
iSCSi , FCSAN ,FC protocol stack and Infini bandAkash Gupta
This document provides an overview and comparison of different storage networking technologies: iSCSI, Fibre Channel (FC), and InfiniBand. It describes what each technology is, its benefits, and key aspects of its protocol stack. iSCSI allows sending SCSI commands over IP networks for low-cost SANs. FC is a gigabit protocol primarily used for storage networking with high bandwidth and scalability. InfiniBand defines a new high-performance interconnect for servers with low latency and bandwidth up to 30Gbps.
iSCSI allows storage devices to be accessed over IP networks rather than direct attaching via SCSI cables. It works by encapsulating SCSI commands and data within TCP packets. Key points:
- iSCSI targets export storage as logical units (LUNs) over iSCSI. Initiators can then access these LUNs remotely over IP networks.
- This allows centralized storage consolidation and disaster recovery mirroring between data centers connected via IP.
- Security features include CHAP authentication of initiators and targets as well as logical/physical network isolation of iSCSI traffic.
- Challenges include the different performance characteristics of SCSI versus TCP/IP networks, such as higher delays over WAN
This document discusses Fibre Channel storage area networks (SANs). It covers SAN components like host bus adapters, storage arrays, switches, and cabling. Fibre Channel SAN connectivity options include point-to-point, arbitrated loop, and switched fabric. The document also examines Fibre Channel addressing, protocols, and data organization. Key topics covered include Fibre Channel protocol stack, world wide names, frame structure, and SAN management software.
PCIe and PCIe driver in WEC7 (Windows Embedded compact 7)gnkeshava
This document provides an overview of PCI and PCI Express buses. It defines PCI as a parallel bus standard introduced in 1993 to connect peripherals to the computer. PCI Express is described as a newer serial standard introduced in 2004 that offers improvements over PCI like higher throughput and hot plugging support. The document outlines key differences between the two standards and provides details on PCI Express architecture including root complexes, endpoints, switches, and bridges. It also covers topics like PCI Express lanes, connectors, configuration space, and memory mapping. In the end it provides a brief introduction to PCI bus drivers in the Windows environment.
The document discusses implementing PCIe Address Translation Services (ATS) in ARM-based systems-on-chips (SoCs). It describes an example ARM server system with various components like CPUs, memory controllers, and I/O devices. It then explains how ATS works to improve memory access performance by allowing devices to cache address translations locally instead of relying solely on the IOMMU. The document outlines the typical components involved in ATS like the address translation cache, translating agent, and address translation protection table. It also describes how the ARM System MMU (SMMU) implements ATS and supports distributed address translation caching by endpoints.
This document provides an overview of the PCI Express physical layer technology. It discusses the lane counts and data rates supported by different PCIe versions. It describes the three logical layers of PCIe and divides the physical layer into logical and electrical sub-blocks. It explains several key physical layer technologies including 8b/10b encoding, data scrambling, de-emphasis, and link training. Link training negotiates link parameters and ensures synchronization between devices on the link.
PCIe is a standard expansion card interface introduced in 2004 to replace PCI and PCI-X. It uses serial instead of parallel communication and is scalable, allowing for higher maximum system bandwidth. The presentation discusses the history of expansion card standards leading to PCIe, including ISA, EISA, VESA, PCI, and PCI-X. It also covers key aspects of PCIe such as the root complex, endpoints, switches, lanes, bus:device.function notation, enumeration, and address spaces such as configuration space.
HIPPI is a computer bus standard for high-speed transfer of large amounts of data over short distances between supercomputers and storage devices. It uses point-to-point links and circuit switching to transfer data at speeds up to 1600 Mbps using copper cables up to 25 meters or up to 6400 Mbps using fiber optic cables up to 10 kilometers. HIPPI employs star-hub switches to provide connectivity and transfers data in bursts of 1024 or 2048 bytes over unidirectional channels.
Creating Your Own PCI Express System Using FPGAs: Embedded World 2010Altera Corporation
This document discusses creating PCI Express systems using FPGA devices. It provides an overview of PCI Express, describing its key functional elements like the root complex and endpoints. It also outlines PCI Express support in Altera FPGAs, including both hard IP blocks and soft IP cores that enable PCI Express connectivity. The hard IP blocks perform the various PCI Express layers and reduce resource usage compared to soft cores.
The document discusses the history and technical details of Ethernet networking. It describes how the original Ethernet standard was established in 1980 and details the physical media and frame sizes used. It also explains how Ethernet addresses devices using unique 48-bit MAC addresses for unicast, multicast using addresses starting with 01-00-5E, and broadcast using all ones. The document also briefly mentions CSMA/CD and how Ethernet has expanded beyond local area networks up to 1 Gbps.
10 Gigabit Ethernet provides high-speed data transmission over local and wide area networks. It uses fiber optic cables and retains the Ethernet frame format while introducing new encoding schemes to support speeds of 10 gigabits per second. 10 Gigabit Ethernet serves applications such as video and data storage and acts as a backbone for metropolitan and wide area networks.
The document discusses Content Addressed Storage (CAS), including its architecture, benefits, and use for archiving fixed content. CAS uses unique content addresses to store and retrieve data objects independently of their physical location. It offers benefits like content integrity, single-instance storage, and fast retrieval. The document provides examples of CAS being used for healthcare imaging archives and financial check storage.
Ethernet refers to local area network technologies that operate at speeds of 10 Mbps, 100 Mbps, or 1000 Mbps over twisted pair or optical cables. Ethernet devices implement the bottom two layers of the OSI model and are installed as network interface cards. Interface cards are identified by names indicating the speed and physical medium, such as 10Base-T for 10 Mbps over twisted pair. Gigabit Ethernet standards define 1000Base-T for twisted pair copper cables and 1000Base-X for twisted pair copper or single-mode/multi-mode optical fiber.
The document discusses IPv6, the next generation internet protocol. It introduces IPv6, describing its benefits over IPv4 including vastly larger address space. It then covers key aspects of IPv6 such as address types, auto-configuration, routing protocols, and technology scope. IPv6 aims to meet growing internet demands through expanded addressing and more efficient headers.
The document provides instructions on troubleshooting basic connectivity issues using tools like ping and traceroute. It describes how ping is used to test reachability between devices and can return round-trip time statistics. Traceroute is used to identify where packets are being dropped by showing each hop to the destination. The document also provides details on using Cisco's debug ip packet command to examine packets passing through a router for troubleshooting.
PCI Express (Peripheral Component Interconnect Express) abbreviated as PCIe or PCI-E, is designed to replace the older PCI, PCI-X, AGP standards. We present a data communication developed system for use the transfer data between the host and the peripheral devices via PCIe. The performance and the available area on the board are effective by using the PCIe. PCIe is a serial expansion bus interconnection method which is use for high speed communication. PCI Express represents the currently fastest and most expensive solution to connect the peripheral devices with general purpose CPU. It provides a highest bandwidth connection in the PC platform. In this paper, we highlight the different types of bus architecture. Here the PCIe architecture is described how data transfer between the CPU to the destination.
1. The Internet Protocol (IP) is responsible for addressing hosts and routing packets across networks to allow communication between devices.
2. There are two main versions of IP - IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses and IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses to allow for more devices as the number connected to the internet grows exponentially.
3. TCP and UDP are protocols that operate at a higher layer than IP and provide different functions - TCP enables reliable transmission of data through sequencing and acknowledgment while UDP provides a basic transmission model without these features.
IPv6 is the next-generation Internet protocol that replaces IPv4. It features a 128-bit address size allowing for many more IP addresses compared to IPv4's 32-bit addresses. IPv6 also includes improvements in routing, network autoconfiguration, security, quality of service, and extensibility. A transition from IPv4 to IPv6 is underway using mechanisms like dual stacking that allow both protocols to coexist on networks. While not yet widely deployed, IPv6 is expected to fully replace IPv4 in the coming years.
This document provides an overview of establishing internet connectivity through exploring packet delivery processes, enabling static routing, managing traffic using access control lists (ACLs), and enabling internet connectivity. It discusses topics such as packet and frame formats, routing metrics, path determination, switching functions of routers, static route configuration and verification, ACL purposes and functions, and wildcard masking. The document is made up of multiple sections providing details on these various networking topics.
IPv6 is the next generation Internet protocol that replaces IPv4. It features a vastly larger 128-bit address space to avoid future address exhaustion. IPv6 addresses are written as eight groups of four hexadecimal digits separated by colons and supports stateless autoconfiguration of hosts and other improvements over IPv4.
Ethernet uses CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detect) to allow devices on a network to share bandwidth without collisions. CSMA/CD works by having devices check if the network medium is clear before transmitting. If it's clear, the device can transmit; if not, it must wait. Full-duplex Ethernet uses two wire pairs to allow simultaneous transmission and reception, preventing collisions. At the data link layer, Ethernet is responsible for framing packets and using MAC addresses for addressing. MAC addresses are unique 48-bit identifiers burned into network adapters.
Presentation comparing server io consolidation solution with i scsi, infini...xKinAnx
This document compares three server I/O consolidation solutions: iSCSI, InfiniBand, and FCoE. It defines server I/O consolidation as combining various traffic types like IP applications and block storage onto a single network interface. The document discusses each solution's protocol stack and encapsulation method. It also covers aspects like infrastructure requirements, performance characteristics, and OS support. The goal is to help readers understand how each approach provides I/O consolidation and its technical differences.
In this educational power point, networking standard organizations, a brief introduction to local area network technologies, summary of OSI layer modeling and Ethernet standards,... are provided.
This educational power point helps to introduce you about the basic concepts, structures, and functions of Virtual Private Network(VPN) and Internet Protocol security (IPsec).
This paper reviews the trends and technologies in Unified Computing, describes the Datacenter Ethernet technologies for implementing Fibre Channel over Ethernet, and describes Cisco\'s Unified Computing System (UCS)
Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE), iSCSI and the Converged Data CenterStuart Miniman
The document discusses Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE) and iSCSI as protocols for converged data centers. It compares the FCoE and iSCSI protocol stacks and how they leverage 10Gb Ethernet. FCoE encapsulates Fibre Channel frames within Ethernet while iSCSI carries SCSI commands over TCP/IP. Emerging standards like FCoE and Converged Enhanced Ethernet aim to drive I/O consolidation over a single Ethernet network.
Converged Networks: FCoE, iSCSI and the Future of Storage NetworkingStuart Miniman
FCoE allows Fibre Channel traffic to run over Ethernet networks using encapsulation. This convergence of networks simplifies infrastructure by using a single network for both storage and LAN traffic. Standards like FCoE and DCB/CEE are being developed to enable lossless Ethernet environments required for storage traffic. Early solutions involve direct server attachment to top-of-rack FCoE switches, but solutions are expanding to include blade servers and multi-hop configurations. Widespread adoption will take time as standards mature and solutions expand beyond proof-of-concept deployments.
PCIe is a standard expansion card interface introduced in 2004 to replace PCI and PCI-X. It uses serial instead of parallel communication and is scalable, allowing for higher maximum system bandwidth. The presentation discusses the history of expansion card standards leading to PCIe, including ISA, EISA, VESA, PCI, and PCI-X. It also covers key aspects of PCIe such as the root complex, endpoints, switches, lanes, bus:device.function notation, enumeration, and address spaces such as configuration space.
HIPPI is a computer bus standard for high-speed transfer of large amounts of data over short distances between supercomputers and storage devices. It uses point-to-point links and circuit switching to transfer data at speeds up to 1600 Mbps using copper cables up to 25 meters or up to 6400 Mbps using fiber optic cables up to 10 kilometers. HIPPI employs star-hub switches to provide connectivity and transfers data in bursts of 1024 or 2048 bytes over unidirectional channels.
Creating Your Own PCI Express System Using FPGAs: Embedded World 2010Altera Corporation
This document discusses creating PCI Express systems using FPGA devices. It provides an overview of PCI Express, describing its key functional elements like the root complex and endpoints. It also outlines PCI Express support in Altera FPGAs, including both hard IP blocks and soft IP cores that enable PCI Express connectivity. The hard IP blocks perform the various PCI Express layers and reduce resource usage compared to soft cores.
The document discusses the history and technical details of Ethernet networking. It describes how the original Ethernet standard was established in 1980 and details the physical media and frame sizes used. It also explains how Ethernet addresses devices using unique 48-bit MAC addresses for unicast, multicast using addresses starting with 01-00-5E, and broadcast using all ones. The document also briefly mentions CSMA/CD and how Ethernet has expanded beyond local area networks up to 1 Gbps.
10 Gigabit Ethernet provides high-speed data transmission over local and wide area networks. It uses fiber optic cables and retains the Ethernet frame format while introducing new encoding schemes to support speeds of 10 gigabits per second. 10 Gigabit Ethernet serves applications such as video and data storage and acts as a backbone for metropolitan and wide area networks.
The document discusses Content Addressed Storage (CAS), including its architecture, benefits, and use for archiving fixed content. CAS uses unique content addresses to store and retrieve data objects independently of their physical location. It offers benefits like content integrity, single-instance storage, and fast retrieval. The document provides examples of CAS being used for healthcare imaging archives and financial check storage.
Ethernet refers to local area network technologies that operate at speeds of 10 Mbps, 100 Mbps, or 1000 Mbps over twisted pair or optical cables. Ethernet devices implement the bottom two layers of the OSI model and are installed as network interface cards. Interface cards are identified by names indicating the speed and physical medium, such as 10Base-T for 10 Mbps over twisted pair. Gigabit Ethernet standards define 1000Base-T for twisted pair copper cables and 1000Base-X for twisted pair copper or single-mode/multi-mode optical fiber.
The document discusses IPv6, the next generation internet protocol. It introduces IPv6, describing its benefits over IPv4 including vastly larger address space. It then covers key aspects of IPv6 such as address types, auto-configuration, routing protocols, and technology scope. IPv6 aims to meet growing internet demands through expanded addressing and more efficient headers.
The document provides instructions on troubleshooting basic connectivity issues using tools like ping and traceroute. It describes how ping is used to test reachability between devices and can return round-trip time statistics. Traceroute is used to identify where packets are being dropped by showing each hop to the destination. The document also provides details on using Cisco's debug ip packet command to examine packets passing through a router for troubleshooting.
PCI Express (Peripheral Component Interconnect Express) abbreviated as PCIe or PCI-E, is designed to replace the older PCI, PCI-X, AGP standards. We present a data communication developed system for use the transfer data between the host and the peripheral devices via PCIe. The performance and the available area on the board are effective by using the PCIe. PCIe is a serial expansion bus interconnection method which is use for high speed communication. PCI Express represents the currently fastest and most expensive solution to connect the peripheral devices with general purpose CPU. It provides a highest bandwidth connection in the PC platform. In this paper, we highlight the different types of bus architecture. Here the PCIe architecture is described how data transfer between the CPU to the destination.
1. The Internet Protocol (IP) is responsible for addressing hosts and routing packets across networks to allow communication between devices.
2. There are two main versions of IP - IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses and IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses to allow for more devices as the number connected to the internet grows exponentially.
3. TCP and UDP are protocols that operate at a higher layer than IP and provide different functions - TCP enables reliable transmission of data through sequencing and acknowledgment while UDP provides a basic transmission model without these features.
IPv6 is the next-generation Internet protocol that replaces IPv4. It features a 128-bit address size allowing for many more IP addresses compared to IPv4's 32-bit addresses. IPv6 also includes improvements in routing, network autoconfiguration, security, quality of service, and extensibility. A transition from IPv4 to IPv6 is underway using mechanisms like dual stacking that allow both protocols to coexist on networks. While not yet widely deployed, IPv6 is expected to fully replace IPv4 in the coming years.
This document provides an overview of establishing internet connectivity through exploring packet delivery processes, enabling static routing, managing traffic using access control lists (ACLs), and enabling internet connectivity. It discusses topics such as packet and frame formats, routing metrics, path determination, switching functions of routers, static route configuration and verification, ACL purposes and functions, and wildcard masking. The document is made up of multiple sections providing details on these various networking topics.
IPv6 is the next generation Internet protocol that replaces IPv4. It features a vastly larger 128-bit address space to avoid future address exhaustion. IPv6 addresses are written as eight groups of four hexadecimal digits separated by colons and supports stateless autoconfiguration of hosts and other improvements over IPv4.
Ethernet uses CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detect) to allow devices on a network to share bandwidth without collisions. CSMA/CD works by having devices check if the network medium is clear before transmitting. If it's clear, the device can transmit; if not, it must wait. Full-duplex Ethernet uses two wire pairs to allow simultaneous transmission and reception, preventing collisions. At the data link layer, Ethernet is responsible for framing packets and using MAC addresses for addressing. MAC addresses are unique 48-bit identifiers burned into network adapters.
Presentation comparing server io consolidation solution with i scsi, infini...xKinAnx
This document compares three server I/O consolidation solutions: iSCSI, InfiniBand, and FCoE. It defines server I/O consolidation as combining various traffic types like IP applications and block storage onto a single network interface. The document discusses each solution's protocol stack and encapsulation method. It also covers aspects like infrastructure requirements, performance characteristics, and OS support. The goal is to help readers understand how each approach provides I/O consolidation and its technical differences.
In this educational power point, networking standard organizations, a brief introduction to local area network technologies, summary of OSI layer modeling and Ethernet standards,... are provided.
This educational power point helps to introduce you about the basic concepts, structures, and functions of Virtual Private Network(VPN) and Internet Protocol security (IPsec).
This paper reviews the trends and technologies in Unified Computing, describes the Datacenter Ethernet technologies for implementing Fibre Channel over Ethernet, and describes Cisco\'s Unified Computing System (UCS)
Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE), iSCSI and the Converged Data CenterStuart Miniman
The document discusses Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE) and iSCSI as protocols for converged data centers. It compares the FCoE and iSCSI protocol stacks and how they leverage 10Gb Ethernet. FCoE encapsulates Fibre Channel frames within Ethernet while iSCSI carries SCSI commands over TCP/IP. Emerging standards like FCoE and Converged Enhanced Ethernet aim to drive I/O consolidation over a single Ethernet network.
Converged Networks: FCoE, iSCSI and the Future of Storage NetworkingStuart Miniman
FCoE allows Fibre Channel traffic to run over Ethernet networks using encapsulation. This convergence of networks simplifies infrastructure by using a single network for both storage and LAN traffic. Standards like FCoE and DCB/CEE are being developed to enable lossless Ethernet environments required for storage traffic. Early solutions involve direct server attachment to top-of-rack FCoE switches, but solutions are expanding to include blade servers and multi-hop configurations. Widespread adoption will take time as standards mature and solutions expand beyond proof-of-concept deployments.
Unified Fabric: Data Centre Bridging and FCoE ImplementationCSCJournals
In the past decade cloud computing has become the buzzword in IT world. The implementation of cloud based computing and storage technology changed the way of how network infrastructure is built inside an enterprise. As technology has improved and the cloud based storage systems become more affordable, a number of enterprises started outsourcing their data management due to a number of reasons. But still a majority of large enterprises and SMB (small medium businesses) prefer to manage their own in-house data centers and storage area networks. The reason being is the control, security and integrity of stored data on cloud storage servers. In this paper, we will discuss the most commonly implemented SAN technology, fibre channel (FC) in comparison with the new technology called Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE). These results will help SAN engineers and designers select the best technology between the two in terms of performance, scalability, cost, maintenance, space, cooling, equipment, cabling, management, adapters, labor cost and manpower. Implementation of FC and FCoE has been done to explore the different features of both technologies. Furthermore, how to build a reliable, scalable and secure storage area network has been demonstrated. This study has been carried out on Cisco Nexus, Cisco MDS and Cisco UCS platform.
This document provides an overview of storage technologies, including direct attached storage (DAS), network attached storage (NAS), iSCSI, and storage area networks (SAN). It defines key components like RAID controllers and host bus adapters, compares internal and external storage, and describes protocols like Fibre Channel and iSCSI. The benefits of SANs are consolidated storage and reduced costs. Fibre Channel is designed for high performance while iSCSI offers moderate performance at a lower cost.
White paper : Introduction to Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE) - A Detailed...EMC
This white paper provides an overview of Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE), describes the hardware and software components that make up the ecosystem, and explains how the technology is expected to continue to mature over the next few years.
The document discusses different types of storage networks including direct attached storage (DAS), network attached storage (NAS), storage area networks (SANs) using Fibre Channel (FC) or iSCSI, and Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE). DAS connects storage directly to servers but has limitations. NAS uses a traditional LAN to share storage files between servers but has performance limitations. SANs allow block-level access to centralized storage using high-speed FC networks or iSCSI over Ethernet. FCoE encapsulates FC frames in Ethernet to converge network traffic.
InfiniBand is a high-performance network architecture based on a switched fabric design that supports bandwidth between 2.5-30Gbps. It is used in storage and cluster networks and offers throughput of up to 2.5GB/s and support for 64,000 devices. InfiniBand uses a serial bus design and supports multiple memory areas that can be addressed by processors and storage. It uses switched routing and Internet Protocol Version 6 for almost limitless device expansion.
PLNOG 13: Artur Pająk: Storage w sieciach Ethernet, czyli coś o iSCSI I FCoEPROIDEA
Artur Pająk – IT Product Manager & Solution Architect, Huawei Polska. Jestem absolwentem Politechniki Warszawskie wydziału Elektroniki i Technik Informacyjnych. Przez ostanie 10 lat pracuję jako architek rozwiązań na rynku IT. W głównej mierze (9,5 roku) moje zawodowe życie związane było z firmą Hewlett-Packard gdzie zajmowałem się projektowaniem rozwiązań pamięci masowych. Ostatnie pół roku to współpraca z największym integratorem na polskim rynku, firmą Asseco Poland. Obecnie związany jestem z firmą Huawei Polska gdzie zajmuję się projektowaniem rozwiązań IT dla klientów w Polsce i krajach Europejskich. “
Temat prezentacji: Storage w sieciach Ethernet, czyli coś o iSCSI I FCoE.
Język prezentacji: Polski
Abstrakt: Na prezentacji przedstawiany będzie kierunek i rozwój rozwiązań pamięci masowych udostępniających zasoby poprzez sieć Ethernet (omówienie protokołów iSCSI i FCoE). Konwergentna infrastruktura oparta o rozwiązania Huawei.
I/O Consolidation in the Data Center -ExcerptJamie Shoup
This chapter discusses I/O consolidation in data centers. Currently, most data centers use separate Ethernet, Fibre Channel, and Infiniband networks. I/O consolidation aims to use a single physical network for all traffic, reducing costs and complexity. It must meet the requirements of different traffic types, including Ethernet, Fibre Channel storage traffic, and low-latency inter-processor communication. Past attempts at I/O consolidation faced challenges from incompatibility between network types and reliance on gateways. Emerging technologies like 10 Gigabit Ethernet and PCI Express may help overcome these challenges by providing sufficient bandwidth to consolidate traffic on a single network.
"FCoE vs. iSCSI - Making the Choice" from Interop Las Vegas 2011Stephen Foskett
The notion that Fibre Channel is for data centers and iSCSI is for SMB’s and workgroups is outdated. Increases in LAN speeds and the coming of lossless Ethernet position iSCSI as a good fit for the data center. Whether your organization adopts FC or iSCSI depends on many factors like current product set, future application demands, organizational skill-set and budget. In this session we will discuss the different conditions where FC or IsCSI are the right fit, why you should use one and when to kick either to the curb.
This document introduces different types of storage such as DAS, NAS, iSCSI, and SAN. It describes NAS, iSCSI, and Fibre Channel storage architectures. Fibre Channel uses specialized switches, HBAs, and cables to connect servers to storage arrays, providing high performance. iSCSI encapsulates SCSI commands in TCP/IP packets. A SAN is a dedicated storage network, primarily using Fibre Channel. Benefits of SANs include reduced costs through storage consolidation and centralized backup.
This white paper evaluates the performance of iSCSI storage area networks (SANs) with and without the use of Extreme Networks' CLEAR-Flow technology. Testing was conducted using Intel servers connected via 10GbE NICs to a NetApp storage array, with and without additional traffic introduced between switches. The results show that with CLEAR-Flow, iSCSI performance is maintained even under contention, while without it, throughput is severely limited when contention is present. CLEAR-Flow helps optimize iSCSI performance by automatically identifying and prioritizing iSCSI traffic on the network.
This document provides an overview of storage area networking (SAN) and upcoming trends. It discusses why storage networking is important due to increasing data needs. It covers front-end SAN protocols like iSCSI, FCoE, and FC, as well as SAN architectures including point-to-point, arbitrated loop, and switched fabric. SAN virtualization techniques are also mentioned, along with VMware's approach to storage virtualization using VMFS file systems.
NetApp commissioned Demartek to evaluate its FAS3240, one of the members of its full line of unified storage solutions, for its ability to handle a full load of mixed traffic types simultaneously.
This document discusses the components and architecture of a storage area network (SAN). It describes that a SAN operates on its own dedicated fibre channel network for storage I/O, separate from traditional TCP/IP networks. The key components of a SAN include fibre channel switches at its heart to connect devices, host bus adapters to connect servers to the switch, and storage devices. SAN hardware operates using the fibre channel standard which breaks communication down into frames, sequences, and exchanges to transport data and protocols like SCSI for storage flexibility.
Converged Data Center: FCoE, iSCSI, and the Future of Storage Networking ( EM...EMC
The document discusses the convergence of data center networks using Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE) and iSCSI. It notes that 10Gb Ethernet enables a single network for both storage and LAN, simplifying server infrastructure. FCoE extends Fibre Channel functionality over Ethernet networks, allowing Fibre Channel customers to incrementally adopt converged infrastructure while reusing existing tools. Both iSCSI and FCoE leverage the increased bandwidth of 10Gb Ethernet to drive further data center consolidation.
This document provides an introduction and overview of storage concepts including direct attached storage (DAS), network attached storage (NAS), storage area networks (SANs), and iSCSI. It defines these storage types and differentiates between them. Specifically, it describes how DAS uses internal or external disk drives and controllers directly attached to a computer system, while NAS and SANs utilize network protocols and dedicated network infrastructures to connect storage to multiple servers.
This document provides information on the Brocade VDX 6730 Converged Switch for IBM. It is a 10 Gigabit Ethernet and Fibre Channel over Ethernet switch that supports multiple protocols and streamlines management. It connects to Fibre Channel storage area networks and provides unified Ethernet storage connectivity options in two models with different port configurations. Key features include local switching, priority-based flow control, enhanced transmission selection, and data center bridging exchange capabilities.
A local area network (LAN) uses wired connections to connect devices within a limited geographic area like a building or campus. Ethernet became the dominant wired LAN technology using carrier sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD) to regulate shared access to the transmission medium. Ethernet has evolved from 10 Mbps to 100 Mbps to 1 Gbps standards to meet increasing bandwidth demands. Key components of wired LANs include network adapters, cabling, connectors, switches/hubs, and software protocols. Other historical wired LAN technologies like Token Ring and Token Bus used token passing for medium access but have been largely replaced by Ethernet.
1. SAN vs NAS technology summary
Fibre Channel over Ethernet
============================
(FCoE) is an encapsulation of Fibre Channel frames over Ethernet networks. This allows Fibre
Channel to use 10 Gigabit Ethernet networks (or higher speeds) while preserving the Fibre Channel
protocol. The specification, supported by a large number of network and storage vendors, is part of
the International Committee for Information Technology Standards T11 FC-BB-5 standard.
Functionality
=============
FCoE maps Fibre Channel directly over Ethernet while being independent of the Ethernet
forwarding scheme. The FCoE protocol specification replaces the FC0 and FC1 layers of the Fibre
Channel stack with Ethernet. By retaining the native Fibre Channel constructs, FCoE was meant to
integrate with existing Fibre Channel networks and management software.
Many data centers use Ethernet for TCP/IP networks and Fibre Channel for storage area networks
(SANs). With FCoE, Fibre Channel becomes another network protocol running on Ethernet,
alongside traditional Internet Protocol (IP) traffic. FCoE operates directly above Ethernet in the
network protocol stack, in contrast to iSCSI which runs on top of TCP and IP.
As a consequence, == FCoE is not routable at the IP layer==, and will not work across routed IP
networks.
Since classical Ethernet had no priority-based flow control, unlike Fibre Channel, FCoE requires
enhancements to the Ethernet standard to support a priority-based flow control mechanism (this
prevents frame loss). The IEEE standards body is working on this in the Data Center Bridging Task
Group.
2. Fibre Channel required three primary extensions to deliver the capabilities of Fibre Channel over
Ethernet networks:
Encapsulation of native Fibre Channel frames into Ethernet Frames.
Extensions to the Ethernet protocol itself to enable an Ethernet fabric in which frames are not
routinely lost during periods of congestion.
Mapping between Fibre Channel N_port IDs (aka FCIDs) and Ethernet MAC addresses.
"Converged" network adapter
Computers connect to FCoE with Converged Network Adapters (CNAs), which contain both Fibre
Channel Host Bus Adapter (HBA) and Ethernet Network Interface Card (NIC) functionality on the
same adapter card. CNAs have one or more physical Ethernet ports. FCoE encapsulation can be
done in software with a conventional Ethernet network interface card, however FCoE CNAs offload
(from the CPU) the low level frame processing and SCSI protocol functions traditionally performed
by Fibre Channel host bus adapters.
HBA's
=====
Host Bus Adapters
==================
In computer hardware, a host controller, host adapter, or host bus adapter (HBA) connects a host
system (the computer) to other network and storage devices. The terms are primarily used to refer
to devices for connecting SCSI, Fibre Channel and eSATA devices, but devices for connecting to IDE,
Ethernet, FireWire, USB and other systems may also be called host adapters. Recently, the advent of
iSCSI and Fibre Channel over Ethernet has brought about Ethernet HBAs, which are different from
Ethernet NICs in that they include TCP Offload Engines. There are also converged HBAs that
support both Ethernet and Fibre Channel called Converged Network Adapters (CNAs).
iSCSI
=====
In computing, iSCSI (Listeni/a?'sk?zi/ eye-skuz-ee), is an abbreviation of Internet Small Computer
System Interface, an Internet Protocol (IP)-based storage networking standard for linking data
storage facilities. By carrying SCSI commands over IP networks, iSCSI is used to facilitate data
transfers over intranets and to manage storage over long distances. iSCSI can be used to transmit
data over local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), or the Internet and can enable
location-independent data storage and retrieval. The protocol allows clients (called initiators) to
send SCSI commands (CDBs) to SCSI storage devices (targets) on remote servers. It is a Storage
Area Network (SAN) protocol, allowing organizations to consolidate storage into data center storage
arrays while providing hosts (such as database and web servers) with the == illusion == of locally-
attached disks.
Unlike traditional Fibre Channel, which requires special-purpose cabling, iSCSI can be run over long