Sample Of Research Essay Paper

Systematic Review Essay examples
Systematic Review
NUR/518
University of Phoenix
Systematic Review The purpose of a systematic review is to attempt to find, evaluate and synthesize
high quality research relevant to the research question. A systematic review uses carefully
developed data collection and sampling procedures that are put in place in advance as a protocol.
(Polit, 2012). A systematic review must contain the following: a clear inclusion and exclusion
criteria, an explicit search strategy, systematic coding and analysis of included studies, and a
meta–analysis if possible. (Hemingway & Brereton, 2009). Systematic reviews are conducted by
nurse researchers to avoid reaching incorrect or misleading conclusions that...show more content...
(Bae, 2011).
Seven studies used the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index to measure nurse
working conditions, one used the Work Environment Survey, and the remaining three used a variety
of instruments from prior studies.
In examining the association between working conditions and patient outcomes, the eleven studies
contained a total of fourteen different patient outcome variables. The association between autonomy
and patient outcomes were examined in two studies. Six studies measure the philosophy
emphasizing the quality of clinical care and the association with patient outcomes.
Nurse participation was examined in regards to the relationship between nurse participator and the
patient outcomes, as well as the association between supportive managers and patient outcomes.
Other areas that were examined were collaborative relationships with physicians, supportive
relationships with peers, staffing and decentralization, patient–centered climate and busyness.
The findings of this systematic review suggest that evidence supporting a positive relationship
between better nurse working conditions and improved patient outcomes is
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Sampling Methods Essay
Sampling is the framework on which any form of research is carried out. A suitable sample that
meets the inclusion and exclusion criteria of a research design must be chosen from a given
population to carry out studies. In this essay comparison is made between stratified random
sampling and convenience sampling. The population on which the researcher is interested in
carrying out his or her research may be too large, therefore a suitable sample which can represent the
population in correct proportion must be chosen. Restraints such as limitation of time, resources and
many other factors necessitate the selection of a sample for research purpose so that better quality
data is obtained from it and that the researcher can make statement about...show more content...
The methodological strength and weaknesses of this two sampling methods is discussed in terms of
identifying the samples for research, the representativeness it possesses to the general population, the
methods and the outcome. Stratified random sampling is a probability sampling where the selection
of sampling unit is left to a random process, all units in the sample has an equal and non–zero
chance of being selected on a probability ground or chance and not on the choice or judgement of
the researcher (Sim,J and Wright,C. 2000,). Convenience sampling is an example of non probability
sampling where the selection of the units is not by chance, rather it is dependent on the researcher's
judgement, the researcher decides the samples to be included in the study which may be subject to
availability, time, individual preferences etc. The probability of selection of a particular sampling
unit may or may not be known. Stratified random sampling is commonly done in quantitative
researches. When the samples reflect the characteristics of the target population in the same
proportion; assumptions can be made on generalizing the data acquired from these samples provided
it has been done correctly, since it is statistically representative (Sim,J and wright,C.,2000) but
sampling error

Ethics in Research Essay
Ethics in Research
Research is one of the most successful means of obtaining a wide variety of information concerning
limited or broad topics. However, abundant as this information may be, it is important to maintain an
ethical outlook to all research topics. As research and its subsequent experimentations advance in
light of new generations, the idea of ethics becomes a more prominent issue. Researchers must be
aware of the conflicts that their research may bring about. They must know how to address their
findings in a moral way appealing to the pro and cons. Researchers can not simply accumulate data.
Coupled with data is the process of analysis, where researchers manipulate their findings...show more
content...
According to the National Institute of Health, stem cells are unique cells created from embryos for
infertility purposes usually through the process of in vitro fertilization (Institute on Health). Stems
cells have two important characteristics that differentiate them from other types of cells. One is that
they are unspecialized cells that rejuvenate themselves through cell division. The other is that, under
certain conditions, they can be induced to become certain specialized cells (Institute on Health).
For certain people this is life saving news. Now that cells can be specialized under these
unspecialized stem cells, a patient can receive new heart cells for a diseased heart or many other life
threatening diseases (Institute on Health). This information can be used in a variety of useful ways,
but is it morally right to create embryos only to destroy them? Are these potential humans that could
help them world in some other way? This is the perspective of many people fighting against
stem–cell research. These activists claim that stem–cell research plays against the will of God.
Moreover, if stem cell research is legalized world–wide, who is to say that people will use it only to
benefit the curing of disease? Is it possible that people will become careless and more susceptible to
disease only to receive stem cells to

Education Article Critique Essay example
Amanda Tatarek
9/29/10
Article Review #1
The article begins by the author explaining that men have privilege over women. "Denials which
amount to taboos surround the subject of advantages which men gain from women's disadvantages.
These denials protect male privilege from being fully acknowledged, lessened or ended,"
(McIntosh, 1998. P. 1). Then the article proceeds to discuss how whites, whether they realize it or
not, have a considerable advantage over other races. She lists twenty–six ways that whites have the
upper hand. McIntosh explains that as a white person she had been sheltered from the privileges that
she had. "I think whites are taught not to recognize white privilege, as males are taught not to
recognize male...show more content...
There is a black Ms. America and a Black Ms. America, yet the former Ms. America was black.
There are sororities that are specifically for particular races yet regular sororities cannot discriminate
on race but the race specific ones can. I feel that no matter what race you are you experience
discrimination in your lifetime. Coming to Temple and living around Temple, I feel like the
minority when I walk on the streets. I feel that it doesn't matter what color skin you are, sometimes
you will have the upper hand and sometimes you will have the lower hand. That is just how life is.
As a teacher I am going to make sure all my children, no matter what race they are, receive equal
amount of attention, knowledge, and opportunities within my classroom. I will do this by shaping
the curriculum around a multicultural perspective. "Multicultural education, on the other hand,
encourages a culturally responsive curriculum in which diversity is integrated throughout the
courses activities and interactions in the classroom,"(Gollnick & Chinn, 2009, p. 72). I will
not let my race overpower the way I write and deliver my lessons. I will use Race and Ethnicity
within my curriculum to teach my students to be aware of all cultures and races so they aren't
blinded by the dominant culture of America. Any child can succeed and do well no matter where
they come from.

WhatВґs Market Research? Essay examples
Market research is a process which companies, industries and organisations carry out to gather,
analyse and interpret information gathered from the market. Market research can research about a
new product that is going to sell on the market or an existing product and get to know existing and
future customers spending habits and their preference. Besides, market research also involves
research on competitors business owner face. A successful market research is a market research that
can collect accurate information from the market because accurate information help business owner
to make the right decisions and thus it helps them to make more profit.
Basically market research can be identified into four main class of study. First is...show more
content...
There are five steps to carry out market research. Market research start with defining objectives
that is to identify the end result that needs to be achieved. Next is developing the sample. This is
to determine the group which can provide us answers that are related to our research for example
if we want to make a market research about education then we can find a target group of parents,
teachers and students. If we want to a do a market research about health care then our target
group might be doctors and patients. Next is to develop questions. Developing questions is a
very important part as the questions asked should not be biased in order to collect useful and
accurate information. A biased question is a question that directly or indirectly force the user to
choose the answers. For example a question ask "do you want money?". Then this is a biased
question because all of us will choose "want" therefore it has force people to the answer. The next
step is collecting data. Collecting data can be carry out by giving out surveys through phone, web,
mails, face to face interviews and others. There are many factors that can affect the choice of
choosing the way of collecting examples are research objectives, cost and timing. The last step is
analysing results. This is the most important steps as it is all about understanding and interpreting
what the data collected revealed.
Market research can be divided into two types of research. The first type of

Methodology of Research Essay examples
Methodology of Research
The method that I will be using to research my area of sociology will be a
structured questionnaire, it will be structured so that the candidates stick to the
questions that they are asked and do not write about irrelevant matters. I will first of
all produce a pilot questionnaire and send it round to a test group of people, and
hopefully see whether or not I am able to obtain the relevant information that I need
for my research with the questions that I have asked my targeted group of people. If
the questionnaire provides me with my needed information, I will the produce more
and send them out to a larger sample of people and obtain my...show more content...
Also using a questionnaire is a quick way to
obtain information and can cover a wide area of matters with just a few questions,
whereas if I had used an interview as my method it would of taken a much longer
amount of time and I might of not been able to get the answers that I needed out of
my candidates. Another bonus of using a questionnaire, would be that once I have
received all of the information I will be able to put my findings into the relevant
tables, and then I will be able to compare my findings to the secondary data that I
have gathered with and will be able to do this with ease.
Because I am establishing the role of women within working class households and the
effect that their roles have had on their families way of life. I need to be able to define
what I class as a working class household; which in my view is a family with either a
mum or a dad or both that goes out to work and then comes home to look after that

home and the family. Therefore I have asked questions to determine who in the
household goes out to work and the sort of jobs that they do around the home. By
asking these questions I feel that I will be able to differentiate between upper, lower
and middle class households and therefore gather the information that I

Qualitative Research Evaluation Essay
EVALUATION DATA RESEARCH
Qualitative research seeks to answer the "why" and not the "how" of the research project that is
being conducted, this is done through a complex system of analyzing unstructured information such
as survey's , questionnaires, interviews, interview transcripts, open end survey's, focus groups,
observations, emails, notes, video's, feed back forms and photo's; most of the time a qualitative
report won't depend on statistical evidence alone it must be accompanied by detailed facts and
proven facts and not hypotheses or in accurate data, this can lead to misunderstanding of data
findings and can through the whole aim of the research project off and waste valuable time.
A qualitative research project is mainly used...show more content...
According to (Bamberger, et, al, 2006) the purpose of the interview is to elicit information about and
from the stakeholders experience, perceptions, and meanings, this is critical in a qualitative research
project it helps to understand what is being asked of the stakeholder. Interview data also incorporates
the stakeholders personal perspective, and gives confirmation of the data through direct observation,
or from other stakeholders involved in the research project; by eliciting the input of observation data
this helps to confirm to the researcher the intent of the stakeholder, it also shows their behavior, and
their personal meaning. Documentary and artifactual data includes texts, photos, and other tangible
items from the site that they are being collected from, analyzed and reviewed. By reviewing the
documents artifacts and materials of a culture provides the researcher with an unobtrusive method of
gaining information and may offer other forms of information that's unavailable from any other data
source. According to (Bamberger, et, al, 2006) journals, artifacts, photo's and artwork may provide
information of occurrences that have happened before the evaluators arrival. As in all research
projects documents and artifacts include the perspective and the biases of their human creator,
therefore each item must be considered

Qualitative Reflection
When you look in the mirror what do you see? Everybody asked this question responds with a
similar answer, you see yourself, of course. But individually, you are so much more than that. You
study your reflection wondering what people think of you, what traits you possess, what are your
strengths and weakness, and other components that make you, you. This study takes a closer look at
those traits and characteristics to analyze how you are perceived through the eyes of another.
Statement of Purpose
The research project conducted uses a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods to collect
data, analyze, then interpret how an individual is perceived in society. To evaluate the qualitative
research the addition of a literature review...show more content...
By collecting people's judgements of me, I am able to evaluate my strengths and weakness as an
individual and as a professional. In order to be a successful individual in society one must gain
greater understanding into one's own traits, behavior, and actions that affects people's overall
judgements of that individual. A self– analysis will provide me with adequate findings to realize was
facets of myself need to be developed, altered, or even reduced.
Even if this project furthers my character development, implications of this study are still possible.
This research could hurt my self–esteem, make me question my actions, or even harm my self–
perception. By finding out this information it could lead me to feel insecure about my appearance,
actions, and traits so far in life that would be enough to contribute to me devaluating my self–worth.
This information could also give me overconfidence I do not necessarily need. Finding out over
positive information could harm my attitude, making me arrogant, selfish, and conceited.
Order of Key Points
The order of key points moves from the abstract to the conclusion of the self–analysis study. Key
points include the establishment of the research question and hypothesis, the five questions used for
in–depth analysis, three distinct concepts evaluated in the literature review related to my research,
methods and procures to replicate the study, and the discussion of my findings. The discussion
section included

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