This document discusses different types of inducing agents used to induce spawning in fish, including their composition, functional pathways, and dosages. It describes early attempts using pituitary gland extracts from mammals that contained gonadotropins. It also profiles several commonly used synthetic inducing agents like Ovaprim, Ovatide, and Wova-FH that contain gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and dopamine antagonists. These synthetic compounds have advantages over extracts like consistency, longer shelf life, and lower costs. The document provides details on the composition, dosages used in different fish species, and functional pathways of these various inducing agents.
This document discusses the feeding habits and nutritional requirements of fish at different life stages. It begins by explaining that fish require energy, amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals to sustain life and promote growth. It then discusses the feeding behaviors and nutritional needs of fish larvae, including their underdeveloped digestive systems and reliance on plankton and zooplankton. The document also categorizes different types of food sources for fish and classifies fish based on their dependence on food types and positions in the water column. Specific examples are provided of the feeding behaviors of fish larvae, juveniles, and adults.
This document summarizes different reproductive strategies in fishes. It discusses that most fishes are oviparous and lay eggs externally. For marine fishes, the majority have pelagic eggs that float, while demersal eggs that sink are more common in freshwater. Some fishes are ovoviviparous or viviparous with internal fertilization. Different forms of parental care among fishes are also outlined, including by the male, female or both parents. Alternative reproductive strategies discussed include hermaphroditism, parthenogenesis, and natural polyploids and hybrids.
This document discusses techniques for rearing fish from spawn to fingerlings using rearing ponds and pens. In rearing ponds, fry are fed artificially and grown for 2-3 months until they reach fingerling size. Experiments showed survival rates of 53.5-97.4% and production values of 1,505-3,486 kg/ha. Rearing in pens involves erecting enclosures in reservoirs, stocking with carp larvae, and feeding them until they reach 60% survival to 70-80mm fingerlings in 3-4 months, improving fish stocks and local livelihoods. Pens provide abundant oxygen and waste flushing while nurturing delicate spawn.
Transport of hatchlings, fry, and fingerlings is common in aquaculture. Proper techniques involve understanding fish physiology and mortality causes during transport. Seed can be collected from wild or hatcheries. Major carps are collected from flooded rivers during monsoon season. Seed from estuaries and coastal waters include milkfish, mullets, pearlspot, and seabass. Bundhs are seasonal flooded areas that stimulate breeding. Induced spawning techniques breed species that don't spawn in captivity using hormones. Transport uses open or closed oxygenated systems. Factors causing mortality are oxygen depletion, waste accumulation, temperature fluctuations, and stress. Anaesthetics and antibiotics are used to reduce stress and prevent disease.
Nutritional requirement of larvae and broodstock of commercially important fi...Akhila S
the presentation provides the details regarding, Tthe broodstock nutrition, essential nutrients and recent data on broodstock nutrition; also larval nutrition; the hatchery utilised live feeds in detail and also microparticulate diet, the recent knowlwdge on essential elements amd minerals in larval nutrition, like taurine, phospholipids, liposomes, waxy spray beds etc
This document discusses the different components and types of fisheries in India. It covers inland fisheries including capture fisheries from rivers, reservoirs, and lakes, as well as culture fisheries conducted on fish farms. It also discusses coastal fisheries including estuarine fisheries that provide nursery grounds for fish and brakishwater fisheries. Finally, it covers marine fisheries along India's east and west coasts and the types of fish found in each region.
1) The document discusses the increasing global demand for fish and the role of aquaculture in meeting this demand. It notes that fish consumption has doubled since the 1950s and aquaculture is becoming increasingly important.
2) It provides an overview of fish genetics and its application to aquaculture, including selective breeding techniques to improve genetic stocks, transgenic fish, and DNA vaccines. Chromosomal manipulation techniques like gynogenesis, androgenesis, and polyploidy are also covered.
3) The conclusion states that while Indian fisheries science has made progress in genetics research, more work is still needed to commercialize techniques and generate applied products and processes to further develop aquaculture and fisheries management.
This document discusses the feeding habits and nutritional requirements of fish at different life stages. It begins by explaining that fish require energy, amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals to sustain life and promote growth. It then discusses the feeding behaviors and nutritional needs of fish larvae, including their underdeveloped digestive systems and reliance on plankton and zooplankton. The document also categorizes different types of food sources for fish and classifies fish based on their dependence on food types and positions in the water column. Specific examples are provided of the feeding behaviors of fish larvae, juveniles, and adults.
This document summarizes different reproductive strategies in fishes. It discusses that most fishes are oviparous and lay eggs externally. For marine fishes, the majority have pelagic eggs that float, while demersal eggs that sink are more common in freshwater. Some fishes are ovoviviparous or viviparous with internal fertilization. Different forms of parental care among fishes are also outlined, including by the male, female or both parents. Alternative reproductive strategies discussed include hermaphroditism, parthenogenesis, and natural polyploids and hybrids.
This document discusses techniques for rearing fish from spawn to fingerlings using rearing ponds and pens. In rearing ponds, fry are fed artificially and grown for 2-3 months until they reach fingerling size. Experiments showed survival rates of 53.5-97.4% and production values of 1,505-3,486 kg/ha. Rearing in pens involves erecting enclosures in reservoirs, stocking with carp larvae, and feeding them until they reach 60% survival to 70-80mm fingerlings in 3-4 months, improving fish stocks and local livelihoods. Pens provide abundant oxygen and waste flushing while nurturing delicate spawn.
Transport of hatchlings, fry, and fingerlings is common in aquaculture. Proper techniques involve understanding fish physiology and mortality causes during transport. Seed can be collected from wild or hatcheries. Major carps are collected from flooded rivers during monsoon season. Seed from estuaries and coastal waters include milkfish, mullets, pearlspot, and seabass. Bundhs are seasonal flooded areas that stimulate breeding. Induced spawning techniques breed species that don't spawn in captivity using hormones. Transport uses open or closed oxygenated systems. Factors causing mortality are oxygen depletion, waste accumulation, temperature fluctuations, and stress. Anaesthetics and antibiotics are used to reduce stress and prevent disease.
Nutritional requirement of larvae and broodstock of commercially important fi...Akhila S
the presentation provides the details regarding, Tthe broodstock nutrition, essential nutrients and recent data on broodstock nutrition; also larval nutrition; the hatchery utilised live feeds in detail and also microparticulate diet, the recent knowlwdge on essential elements amd minerals in larval nutrition, like taurine, phospholipids, liposomes, waxy spray beds etc
This document discusses the different components and types of fisheries in India. It covers inland fisheries including capture fisheries from rivers, reservoirs, and lakes, as well as culture fisheries conducted on fish farms. It also discusses coastal fisheries including estuarine fisheries that provide nursery grounds for fish and brakishwater fisheries. Finally, it covers marine fisheries along India's east and west coasts and the types of fish found in each region.
1) The document discusses the increasing global demand for fish and the role of aquaculture in meeting this demand. It notes that fish consumption has doubled since the 1950s and aquaculture is becoming increasingly important.
2) It provides an overview of fish genetics and its application to aquaculture, including selective breeding techniques to improve genetic stocks, transgenic fish, and DNA vaccines. Chromosomal manipulation techniques like gynogenesis, androgenesis, and polyploidy are also covered.
3) The conclusion states that while Indian fisheries science has made progress in genetics research, more work is still needed to commercialize techniques and generate applied products and processes to further develop aquaculture and fisheries management.
This document discusses seed production of the Asian catfish (Clarias batrachus). It describes the catfish's importance as a food fish and its distribution in India, Bangladesh, and Thailand. The document outlines the process for broodstock development, including tank setup, feeding, and selection of brood fish based on size and secondary sexual characteristics. It provides details on the hormone injection process for induced spawning and the subsequent stripping of eggs and fertilization. Larval rearing is also summarized, from initial feeding of hatchlings to growing fingerlings in outdoor tanks.
The document covers several topics related to reproduction, early life stages, and growth in aquatic organisms. It discusses hormones that regulate reproduction, methods for inducing spawning in captive species, early life stage development from fertilization to juvenile growth, and concepts of growth measurement and patterns. Measurement of growth includes length, weight, and body composition assessments to monitor health and predict harvest times.
Exotic fish introduction to india and their impact on indigenous speciesAshish sahu
The exotic varieties of fish have been found to encroach the natural water bodies and adversely affect the indigenous fish species. ... Owing to extensive practice of composite culture, three fast growing exotic fishes are introduced along with the three Indian major carps.
This document provides guidance on producing live food organisms for larviculture. It discusses selecting food that larvae can perceive, ingest and digest. Two natural food types are phytoplankton and zooplankton. Culturing phytoplankton involves maintaining, enriching and isolating unialgal cultures. Isolating single algal units uses a capillary pipette method. Zooplankton culturing focuses on Brachionus plicatilis, describing its taxonomy, morphology, food/feeding, and culture techniques like daily tank transfers.
- Grey mullet has been farmed for centuries in many countries using extensive and semi-intensive pond systems.
- It is an important aquaculture species in several countries and regions including Egypt, Russia, Korea, Taiwan, and India.
- Grey mullet is tolerant of a wide range of environmental conditions, grows quickly, and feeds on detritus, making it well-suited for aquaculture. However, juveniles can only tolerate wide salinity ranges once they reach 4-7 cm in length.
Induced breeding of indian major carpsbbau Lucknow
The document discusses techniques for broodstock raising and induced breeding of carp species. It details broodfish care including stocking density, feeding, and separation by sex. Methods are provided for identifying the sex of brooders and administering hormone injections. The breeding process involves forming pairs, releasing them into hapas, and collecting eggs after spawning. Factors to consider for stocking density and economics of fish culture are also summarized.
Molluscan aquaculture is an important form of mariculture globally and in India. Major mollusks farmed include oysters, mussels, pearl oysters, clams, and scallops. India farms species like the green mussel, Indian backwater oyster, and blood clam. Farming methods include bottom culture, stake/pole culture, rack/raft culture, and longline culture. Site selection factors and proper farming techniques are important for successful molluscan aquaculture. Global production of mollusks from aquaculture was over 14 million tonnes in 2006.
This document summarizes information about mollusc farming techniques, specifically focusing on oysters, clams, and scallops. It discusses the culture methods for these molluscs, including site selection requirements, seed collection and production, and various grow-out techniques like raft culture, rack culture, and bottom culture. Key points covered include the species of oysters, clams, and scallops cultured in different regions; broodstock conditioning and larval rearing; and factors influencing production levels.
This document defines aquaculture as the farming of aquatic organisms such as fish, mollusks, crustaceans, and aquatic plants. It involves interventions like regular stocking, feeding, and protection from predators to enhance production. India has a long coastline and extensive water resources that are well suited for aquaculture. The purpose of aquaculture includes increasing food production and income, as well as generating employment. There are various types of aquaculture defined by factors like the water system used, type of water, stocking combinations, and integration with other farming systems.
Male tilapia have a higher growth rate than females, so farmers prefer raising male-only populations. There are four main methods to produce monosex tilapia populations: 1) Hybridization, which can result in predominantly male offspring; 2) Manual sexing; 3) Hormone treatment using androgens or estrogens; 4) Genetic manipulation including marker-assisted selection, cross-breeding, and transgenic technologies. Hormone treatments and genetic hybrids are common commercial methods that allow effective production of monosex male tilapia.
Feed formulation is the major part of aquaculture.The main objective of feed formulation is to utilize the knowledge of nutrient requirements, locally available feed ingredients and digestive capacity of fish for the development of a nutritionally balanced mixture of feed stuff…
Composite fish culture involves culturing multiple compatible fish species together in a pond to maximize fish yield and productivity. It enables full utilization of available fish feed by including species with different feeding habits, such as surface feeders, column feeders, and bottom feeders. Common fish used include Indian major carps like rohu, catla, and mrigal as well as exotic carps like grass carp and silver carp. Proper pond preparation, fertilization, stocking density, feeding practices, and harvesting are required to achieve high production yields of 4-6 tons per hectare annually through this polyculture technique.
This document provides an overview of various fishing gears and methods. It begins with an outline of the course topics, which include the study and classification of fishing gears and crafts. It then describes different gear types such as beam trawling, demersal otter trawling, dredging, drift nets, fish attraction devices, gill/fixed nets, handlines, jigging, longlining, pelagic trawling, pole and line fishing, and pots. For each gear type, it explains how it is used to target particular species. The document provides a comprehensive reference for different fishing techniques around the world.
This document discusses induced breeding techniques for fish. It begins with an introduction and outline, then describes the history and need for induced breeding when fish do not naturally breed in captivity due to environmental or hormonal factors. It explains that induced breeding involves stimulating fish with pituitary extracts or hormones to breed. The document provides details on techniques for induced breeding, including collecting and preserving pituitary glands, preparing extracts, selecting and injecting brood fish, and stripping eggs and milt. It notes some advantages of induced breeding for fish culture and management.
This document discusses several species of fish that are important as food sources, including murrels (Channa marulius, C. punctatus, C. striatus), singhi (Heteropneustes fossilis), magur (Clarias batrachus), and climbing perch (Anabas testudineus). It provides details on their maximum sizes, habitat, breeding seasons and methods, and notes their nutritional and economic value.
The transfer of fish seed from the hatchery or place of collection to the rearing pond is called transport of fish seed. The seed fish include fry and fingerlings.
This presentation provides information on the Kalibasu fish species. It discusses the local and scientific names of the fish, its taxonomic position, physical description including size and coloration, distribution across several countries in Asia, habitat in rivers and streams, diet of algae and plants, economic importance as a food source and its liver oil, ecological role in maintaining water quality, and threatened conservation status. The presentation was given by Shoriful Islam for a zoology class.
Introduction
Fish Health Management GOALS
Principles of fish health management
Factors affecting fish health
Common symptoms of diseases
General preventive measures
Proper Health Management through Manipulating the disease triangle
Conclusion
References
Clinical Application of Reproductive Hormones.pptshazinosh24
This document summarizes various reproductive hormones, including their clinical applications and commercially available products. It discusses hormones such as GnRH, oxytocin, LH, FSH, eCG, hCG, progestogens, androgens, estrogens, corticosteroids, prostaglandins, prolactin, and intra-uterine pessaries. The hormones have a variety of uses, including estrus synchronization, treatment of cystic ovarian disease and retained placenta, and improving fertility. Commonly used commercial hormone products are also outlined.
Induced breeding is a technique where pituitary hormone or synthetic hormones are used to stimulate fish to breed in captivity. The history, need, techniques, and factors influencing induced breeding are discussed. The document provides details on collecting and storing pituitary glands, preparing extracts, selecting and injecting broodfish, and factors for successful spawning. The goal of induced breeding is to provide a reliable source of fish seeds for aquaculture.
This document discusses seed production of the Asian catfish (Clarias batrachus). It describes the catfish's importance as a food fish and its distribution in India, Bangladesh, and Thailand. The document outlines the process for broodstock development, including tank setup, feeding, and selection of brood fish based on size and secondary sexual characteristics. It provides details on the hormone injection process for induced spawning and the subsequent stripping of eggs and fertilization. Larval rearing is also summarized, from initial feeding of hatchlings to growing fingerlings in outdoor tanks.
The document covers several topics related to reproduction, early life stages, and growth in aquatic organisms. It discusses hormones that regulate reproduction, methods for inducing spawning in captive species, early life stage development from fertilization to juvenile growth, and concepts of growth measurement and patterns. Measurement of growth includes length, weight, and body composition assessments to monitor health and predict harvest times.
Exotic fish introduction to india and their impact on indigenous speciesAshish sahu
The exotic varieties of fish have been found to encroach the natural water bodies and adversely affect the indigenous fish species. ... Owing to extensive practice of composite culture, three fast growing exotic fishes are introduced along with the three Indian major carps.
This document provides guidance on producing live food organisms for larviculture. It discusses selecting food that larvae can perceive, ingest and digest. Two natural food types are phytoplankton and zooplankton. Culturing phytoplankton involves maintaining, enriching and isolating unialgal cultures. Isolating single algal units uses a capillary pipette method. Zooplankton culturing focuses on Brachionus plicatilis, describing its taxonomy, morphology, food/feeding, and culture techniques like daily tank transfers.
- Grey mullet has been farmed for centuries in many countries using extensive and semi-intensive pond systems.
- It is an important aquaculture species in several countries and regions including Egypt, Russia, Korea, Taiwan, and India.
- Grey mullet is tolerant of a wide range of environmental conditions, grows quickly, and feeds on detritus, making it well-suited for aquaculture. However, juveniles can only tolerate wide salinity ranges once they reach 4-7 cm in length.
Induced breeding of indian major carpsbbau Lucknow
The document discusses techniques for broodstock raising and induced breeding of carp species. It details broodfish care including stocking density, feeding, and separation by sex. Methods are provided for identifying the sex of brooders and administering hormone injections. The breeding process involves forming pairs, releasing them into hapas, and collecting eggs after spawning. Factors to consider for stocking density and economics of fish culture are also summarized.
Molluscan aquaculture is an important form of mariculture globally and in India. Major mollusks farmed include oysters, mussels, pearl oysters, clams, and scallops. India farms species like the green mussel, Indian backwater oyster, and blood clam. Farming methods include bottom culture, stake/pole culture, rack/raft culture, and longline culture. Site selection factors and proper farming techniques are important for successful molluscan aquaculture. Global production of mollusks from aquaculture was over 14 million tonnes in 2006.
This document summarizes information about mollusc farming techniques, specifically focusing on oysters, clams, and scallops. It discusses the culture methods for these molluscs, including site selection requirements, seed collection and production, and various grow-out techniques like raft culture, rack culture, and bottom culture. Key points covered include the species of oysters, clams, and scallops cultured in different regions; broodstock conditioning and larval rearing; and factors influencing production levels.
This document defines aquaculture as the farming of aquatic organisms such as fish, mollusks, crustaceans, and aquatic plants. It involves interventions like regular stocking, feeding, and protection from predators to enhance production. India has a long coastline and extensive water resources that are well suited for aquaculture. The purpose of aquaculture includes increasing food production and income, as well as generating employment. There are various types of aquaculture defined by factors like the water system used, type of water, stocking combinations, and integration with other farming systems.
Male tilapia have a higher growth rate than females, so farmers prefer raising male-only populations. There are four main methods to produce monosex tilapia populations: 1) Hybridization, which can result in predominantly male offspring; 2) Manual sexing; 3) Hormone treatment using androgens or estrogens; 4) Genetic manipulation including marker-assisted selection, cross-breeding, and transgenic technologies. Hormone treatments and genetic hybrids are common commercial methods that allow effective production of monosex male tilapia.
Feed formulation is the major part of aquaculture.The main objective of feed formulation is to utilize the knowledge of nutrient requirements, locally available feed ingredients and digestive capacity of fish for the development of a nutritionally balanced mixture of feed stuff…
Composite fish culture involves culturing multiple compatible fish species together in a pond to maximize fish yield and productivity. It enables full utilization of available fish feed by including species with different feeding habits, such as surface feeders, column feeders, and bottom feeders. Common fish used include Indian major carps like rohu, catla, and mrigal as well as exotic carps like grass carp and silver carp. Proper pond preparation, fertilization, stocking density, feeding practices, and harvesting are required to achieve high production yields of 4-6 tons per hectare annually through this polyculture technique.
This document provides an overview of various fishing gears and methods. It begins with an outline of the course topics, which include the study and classification of fishing gears and crafts. It then describes different gear types such as beam trawling, demersal otter trawling, dredging, drift nets, fish attraction devices, gill/fixed nets, handlines, jigging, longlining, pelagic trawling, pole and line fishing, and pots. For each gear type, it explains how it is used to target particular species. The document provides a comprehensive reference for different fishing techniques around the world.
This document discusses induced breeding techniques for fish. It begins with an introduction and outline, then describes the history and need for induced breeding when fish do not naturally breed in captivity due to environmental or hormonal factors. It explains that induced breeding involves stimulating fish with pituitary extracts or hormones to breed. The document provides details on techniques for induced breeding, including collecting and preserving pituitary glands, preparing extracts, selecting and injecting brood fish, and stripping eggs and milt. It notes some advantages of induced breeding for fish culture and management.
This document discusses several species of fish that are important as food sources, including murrels (Channa marulius, C. punctatus, C. striatus), singhi (Heteropneustes fossilis), magur (Clarias batrachus), and climbing perch (Anabas testudineus). It provides details on their maximum sizes, habitat, breeding seasons and methods, and notes their nutritional and economic value.
The transfer of fish seed from the hatchery or place of collection to the rearing pond is called transport of fish seed. The seed fish include fry and fingerlings.
This presentation provides information on the Kalibasu fish species. It discusses the local and scientific names of the fish, its taxonomic position, physical description including size and coloration, distribution across several countries in Asia, habitat in rivers and streams, diet of algae and plants, economic importance as a food source and its liver oil, ecological role in maintaining water quality, and threatened conservation status. The presentation was given by Shoriful Islam for a zoology class.
Introduction
Fish Health Management GOALS
Principles of fish health management
Factors affecting fish health
Common symptoms of diseases
General preventive measures
Proper Health Management through Manipulating the disease triangle
Conclusion
References
Clinical Application of Reproductive Hormones.pptshazinosh24
This document summarizes various reproductive hormones, including their clinical applications and commercially available products. It discusses hormones such as GnRH, oxytocin, LH, FSH, eCG, hCG, progestogens, androgens, estrogens, corticosteroids, prostaglandins, prolactin, and intra-uterine pessaries. The hormones have a variety of uses, including estrus synchronization, treatment of cystic ovarian disease and retained placenta, and improving fertility. Commonly used commercial hormone products are also outlined.
Induced breeding is a technique where pituitary hormone or synthetic hormones are used to stimulate fish to breed in captivity. The history, need, techniques, and factors influencing induced breeding are discussed. The document provides details on collecting and storing pituitary glands, preparing extracts, selecting and injecting broodfish, and factors for successful spawning. The goal of induced breeding is to provide a reliable source of fish seeds for aquaculture.
1. The document discusses various screening models used to test potential anti-fertility agents, including both in vitro and in vivo methods.
2. In vivo screening models include tests like HCG-induced ovulation in rats and cupric acetate-induced ovulation in rabbits to assess anti-ovulatory effects, as well as assays measuring estrogenic activity like vaginal opening and the four-day uterine weight test.
3. In vitro screening methods involve estrogen receptor binding assays to determine affinity for estrogen receptor sites and assess estrogenic or anti-estrogenic activity.
Comparative studies on the hatchability, performance and survival rate of afr...Alexander Decker
This study compared the hatchability, performance, and survival rate of African catfish larvae produced using two different hormones: Ovaprim and catfish pituitary extract. The female catfish injected with Ovaprim had a higher hatchability rate (46.3%) compared to those injected with catfish pituitary extract (25.99%). However, the survival rate of larvae was higher for those produced from females injected with catfish pituitary extract (82.98%) versus Ovaprim (50.14%). Additionally, the economic analysis found that catfish pituitary extract yielded a higher gross profit despite a higher production cost. Overall, the study concluded that catfish pituitary extract produced better results in terms of larval survival and profit
A SEMINAR ON INDUCING AGENTS OF HYPOPHYSATIONKartik Mondal
The precise combination of environmental factors required for maturation, ovulation and spawning.
However, quite often, under farm conditions, the requisite environmental factors are either not available or do not persist for sufficient length of time for spontaneous maturation to occur.
The pioneering discovery of B.A. Houssay (1931) and Von Ihering (1935, 1937, Argentina) that fishes can be induced to spawn by injecting pituitary homogenates has somewhat mitigated the problem.
The principal advantage of this technique, referred to in aquaculture parlance as “Hypophysation.”
This document discusses the application of various reproductive hormones in treating different reproductive disorders. It begins by describing the hormones secreted by the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, ovaries, and uterus that control the reproductive cycle. It then provides tables listing the source, name, chemical structure, and function of key reproductive hormones. The remainder of the document discusses the clinical uses, commercially available preparations, dosages, and side effects of estrogens, progesterone, FSH, LH, prostaglandins, GnRH, and oxytocin for treating conditions like cysts, delayed ovulation, anovulation, and retained placenta.
Screening of ANTIFERTILITY AGENTS and APHRODISIACSHimaniTailor
This document discusses evaluation and screening models for antifertility and aphrodisiac agents. It describes various in vivo and in vitro methods used to test potential antifertility drugs in females, including tests for anti-ovulatory activity like HCG-induced ovulation in rats and cupric acetate-induced ovulation in rabbits. It also discusses screening methods for assessing progestational and oestrogenic activity. For aphrodisiacs, it covers mechanisms of action and potential agents like sildenafil citrate and testosterone, as well as guidelines for conducting experiments on sexual behavior in rats.
This document presents a summary of screening models used to evaluate antifertility drugs. It discusses several classes of antifertility drugs and their mechanisms of action, including GnRH antagonists, estrogen antagonists like clomiphene and aromatase inhibitors, and gonadotropins. It also describes in vivo and in vitro screening methods to assess effects on ovulation, implantation, and endometrial growth. Key in vivo tests include HCG-induced ovulation in rats, uterine weight assays in rabbits, and prevention of abortion in oxytocin-treated pregnant rabbits. Receptor binding assays and tests like the McGinty test are discussed as in vitro approaches.
This document discusses techniques for synchronizing estrus cycles in cattle. It describes several methods including prostaglandin protocols like Ovsynch that use prostaglandin injections to regress the corpus luteum, and progestin protocols like CIDR that use progesterone inserts to maintain the luteal phase. The goal is to induce a high number of cattle to come into estrus at similar times to facilitate breeding and calving management. Specific synchronization protocols discussed include Ovsynch 48, Ovsynch 56, and Cosynch which combine gonadotropin-releasing hormone, prostaglandin, and progesterone treatments over 7-10 day periods.
INDUCED BREEDING: in fishes to enhance breeding processhignisisgn007
This document discusses induced breeding techniques for fish. It begins with an introduction to induced breeding, which is stimulating fish to breed artificially using pituitary hormones or synthetic hormones. It then covers the history of induced breeding, the role of the pituitary gland in releasing hormones that cause maturation and spawning, and techniques for extracting pituitary glands and injecting hormones. Factors that influence spawning and alternatives to pituitary extracts are also examined. The document concludes that hormone-induced spawning techniques can promote or inhibit the breeding process and provide a pure source of offspring.
Propofol is a short-acting intravenous anesthetic agent. It is highly lipid soluble and rapidly redistributes from the blood to tissues. Propofol is formulated as an emulsion containing soybean oil, glycerol, and egg lecithin. It acts by potentiating GABA receptors in the brain. Propofol has a rapid onset and recovery profile. While generally safe, risks include hypotension, respiratory depression, and in rare cases propofol infusion syndrome in patients receiving high doses for prolonged periods. Propofol requires careful titration to effect during administration.
This document summarizes oral contraceptives, including their mechanism of action, methods of use, and formulation. It discusses how oral contraceptives work by suppressing ovulation through negative feedback inhibition of gonadotropins. It also describes the typical menstrual cycle and hormone levels throughout its phases. Common oral contraceptive formulations include combined estrogen-progesterone pills and sequential pills, which are taken in cycles to prevent pregnancy while allowing withdrawal bleeding. Side effects and precautions are also outlined.
CLINICAL USE OF HORMONES IN BITCHES.pptxRameshjoshi66
This document provides information on the clinical uses of hormones in bitches, including estrus induction, persistent estrus, irregular estrus, silent heat, anestrus, estrus suppression, mismating, hormonal infertility, cystic endometrial hyperplasia, pyometra, vaginal prolapse, and mammary neoplasia. Various hormone protocols and treatments are described for each condition. The potential adverse effects of hormonal therapies are also reviewed, including those of estrogens, progestogens, androgens, prostaglandins, and bromocriptine.
This document discusses induced breeding techniques for fish. It provides background on the history of induced breeding, which began in 1930s Argentina and India. The key technique involves extracting pituitary glands from fish, which secrete hormones that stimulate ovulation and spermiation. The glands or their extract are then injected into mature broodstock fish to induce spawning. Factors like water temperature, turbidity, and light can also influence spawning success. Several substances can be used instead of pituitary extract to induce breeding, such as HCG, Synahorin, and Ovaprim. Induced breeding is useful for ensuring a pure and timely supply of fish eggs and sperm.
The document discusses the use of various hormones and drugs in animal reproduction to address common reproductive issues. It describes hormones like gonadotropin releasing hormone, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, progesterone, estrogen, prostaglandins and oxytocin. It provides their indications and typical dosages. Common reproductive issues treated include anestrus, cystic ovaries, delayed ovulation, retention of placenta, metritis and more. Antibiotics, fluid therapy, indigenous drug preparations and oestrous inducers are also summarized.
The primary requirement for successful carp breeding is proper brood stock management. Key aspects include maintaining brood ponds with suitable water quality and feeding the brood fish a balanced diet. During the breeding season, pituitary glands are collected from donor fish and extracts are prepared and preserved. The extracts are injected intramuscularly into mature brood fish based on their weight, with a provocative dose followed later by a higher final dose. This stimulates spawning, bypassing environmental variables. The injected fish are then placed together in breeding hapas inside brood ponds, where they spawn naturally. Their eggs are fertilized either naturally or through artificial methods like stripping and wet or dry insemination.
This document discusses the technique of induced breeding in catla fish. It provides background on the history and importance of induced breeding. The key steps of the induced breeding technique are described, including selecting brood fish, removing and preserving pituitary glands, injecting the extracted hormones into males and females, and collecting fertilized eggs. The main advantages are being able to produce a high quantity of fish seeds on demand to meet market needs. Disadvantages include risks from damaging glands during removal and high costs.
BASIC STEPS IN IN VITRO FERTILIZATION (IVF)Wasiu Adeseji
The document summarizes the basic steps in in vitro fertilization (IVF). It begins with pituitary suppression and ovarian hyperstimulation to develop multiple follicles. Mature eggs are then retrieved from the ovaries through transvaginal ultrasound-guided needle aspiration. Sperm is collected and prepared for fertilization through sperm washing. The eggs and sperm are then fertilized through either insemination or intracytoplasmic sperm injection. The fertilized eggs are cultured for 2-6 days until embryo transfer into the uterus. Success rates vary based on factors like maternal age but average live birth rates in the US range from about 30-40% per cycle for women under 35.
Synthetic hormones are increasingly used for induced breeding of fish due to their efficacy and convenience. Studies have found that chorionic gonadotropin (CG) is successful at inducing spawning in fish because CG behaves as a luteinising hormone (LH). The Linpe method, which uses a combination of LH-RH-a and a dopamine antagonist, is highly effective for induced ovulation and spawning in cultured fish. This method was commercialized as ovaprim, which has seen wide success in inducing spawning of various fish species.
This document provides information on breeding techniques for two fish species in Bangladesh: Koi (Anabas testudineus) and Magur (Clarias batrachus). For Koi breeding, the presentation discusses brood fish selection based on size and sex identification. It describes administering pituitary gland hormone at 12 mg/kg to females and fertilizing eggs. For Magur breeding, mature brood fish are selected based on abdomen shape. Hormone extracts including PG, HCG, and ovaprim are prepared and injected into females, whose eggs are collected by stripping. Milt is collected from sacrificed males and mixed with eggs to fertilize within 1-1.5 minutes. Precautions during seed production like
1. Different Types of Inducing Agents
and their Structural & Functional
Pathway
Prepared by
Sachin sahu
1/12/2016 1
2. Introduction
• Argentina 1930 B. A. Houssay is the 1st start from the
carp pituitary extract as a inducing agent.
• 1934 Von Ihering et al., of brazil succeeded through
administration of pituitary gland extract.
• In India the 1st attempt to induce C. mrigala to spawn
by the injection of mammalian pituitary extract was
done by H. Khan(1937) later H. Chaudhuri(1955).
1/12/2016 2
3. Collection & preservation & preparation
of Pituitary gland extract
Collection
• Dissection and removing a portion of scalp
• Through foramen magnum
• Preservation
• Absolute alcohol
• Acetone Freezing
• Extract preparation
Homogenigation
Centrifugation
• Storage of extract
• In water & Glycerine
• In propylene glycol
1/12/2016 3
4. DOSE OF PITUITARY GLAND EXTRACT
• Female:- Initially dose 2-3mg/kg body
weight
After 5-6 hours
• female :-2nd dose is – 10-12mg/kg
• Male :- 4-6 mg/kg body weight
1/12/2016 4
5. Composition of pituitary extract
• Pituitary gland contain gonadotropins hormone.
• GtH I (FSH)
• GtH II(LH)
• All gonadotropins are Glycoproteins in nature
• Ganarly prefer mature Common carp, Tilapia due to
there availability is around year.
• Two types of Gonadotropins
» GtH I - Vitellogenesis
» GtH II Oocyte maturation, ovulation/spermiation
and spawning
1/12/2016 5
6. 1/12/2016 6
GtH I
Produced during Vitellogenic phase
GtH I
Thecal and Granulosa cell of ovarian follice
Estradiol
Estradiol released in blood
Estradiol acts on liver to produce Vitellogenin
Vitellogenin carried to Oocytes through circulation and
incorporated into cytoplasm of Oocytes
Vitellogenin converted into Yolk Protein - Lipovitellin and Phosvitin
Nagahama
7. 1/12/2016 7
Gth II
• Secreted during Post-Vitellogenic Phase
Gth II
Follice cells
Maturation Inducing Hormone (MIH) or 17
alpha- Progesterone
MIH stimulates the production of Maturation
Promoting Factor (MPF) in the cytoplasm of oocytes
Finally Oocyte is considered as mature
1st Dose
Rupture of Oocyte envelope and release of Mature Ova -Ovulation2st Dose
8. 1/12/2016 8
Central nervous system
HYPOTHALAMUS
GnRH
Inject Pituitary gland
extract
Hypophysis
Gonadotrophs
Ooplasm
Oocyte
envelope
Vitellogenesis
Gravidoocyte
Estradiol
Oocyte
envelopes
ooplasm
Mih
Mpf 1st mat div
Germinal
vesicle
Mature
oocyte
Vitellogenic oocyte
Ovary
GthI GthII
Dopamine
Vitellogenin
liver
Sperm
ovum
Zygote
nucleus
Zygote
Embryonic
devlopment
Hatching
Post vitellogenic oocyte
Ovulation
Pathway of pituitary extract
9. PROBLEMS IN PITUITARY EXTRACT
Non-availability of good quality of pituitary gland (P.G).
Inadequate supply of pituitary gland.
High cost
Mixture of hormones may have side effects on
gametogenesis and other function.
Variability in Pituitary Gonadotropin potency
Cumbersome procedure of preparation of extract
Short shelf life (Extract can be stored only for 6-12 months)
Less Percentage of spawning success
1/12/2016 9
11. OVAPRIM
• Ovaprim is a potent ovulating/spermiating agent used to promote
and facilitate reproduction of many species of fish.
•
• Manufactured by syndel laboratories in Canada and marketed in
India by agri.vet farma of Glaxo India Ltd.,Bombay.
• Composition :-
• 1) 20 μg/ml Salmon gonadotropin releasing hormone (sGnRH)
• 2) domperidone 10mg/ml
Ref :- (2015 Syndel Asia Sdn Bhd)
1/12/2016 11
12. Species MALE (ml/kg) Female (ml/kg
Catla 0.10-0.15 0.4-0.5
Rohu 0.10-0.15 0.35
Mrigal 0.10-0.15 0.25
Silver carp 0.15-0.20 0.40
Grass carp 0.15-0.20 0.60
GnRH - Structure
Domperidone structure
Doses of ovaprim
1/12/2016 12
It can be administered in a single dose to brooders.
13. Ovaprim is used to:
• Induce maturation within a spawning season.
• Advance spawning date
• Coordinate and synchronize spawning times
• Increase milt production including increased sperm count
• Induce maturation in difficult species
• Induce spawning in the most important and difficult to spawn
species
1/12/2016 13
14. Working principle of ovaprim
• When injected into the body cavity or muscle of receptive, mature,
conditioned fish,
• The synthetic GnRH travels from the injection site through the blood
to activation sites in the pituitary gland.
• Ovaprim initiates the reproductive cascade and eliminates the need
for a natural trigger.
• Domperidone, the other active component of Ovaprim, helps block
the inhibitory effects of dopamine.
• Domperidone, therefore, is very important for induced spawning of
species for which the reproductive cascade would be stopped due to
stressors that lead to dopamine release, because dopamine will block
GnRH activity.
1/12/2016 14
16. Advantages
• Ready to use liquid, consistent potency and reliable results,
• Long shelf life, and can be stored at room temperature,
• Formulated to prevent over dosing,
Male and female can be injected only once simultaneously,
• Reduces handling and post breeding mortality,
• High percentage of eggs
• Fertilization and hatching.
1/12/2016 16
17. OVATIDE
• Ovatide is an indigenous, cost-effective and new hormonal
formulation for induced breeding of fishes.
• Combined of GnRH analogue with dopamine antagonist
pimozide
1/12/2016 17
19. The Advantages of Ovatide:
• It is cost-effective hormonal preparation.
• It gives high fertilisation and hatching percentage (85-95%).
• It is increases egg production through complete spawning.
• It produces healthy seed.
• It is easy to inject due to its low viscosity.
• It does not cause adverse effects on brood fish after
injection.
• It can be administered in a single dose to brooders.
• It can be stored at room temperature.
• It is quite effective even under climatic adversities and
ovatide is available in the market as 10 ml vial, which costs
Rs. 300.
1/12/2016 19
20. Wova-FH
• Composition:
• Synthetic Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone
Analogue (SGnRH).
• Developed by Wockhardt, one of the largest
pharmaceutical companies state of the art Research
and Development Centre, in Mumbai India.
1/12/2016 20
21. Advantage and Dose
Advantages:
• High fertilization & hatching rate.
• Single dose administration.
• No stress to the broodstock.
• Easy injectability.
• Cost effective.
• Stable at room temperature
• long shelf life.
• Easily available and ready to use.
• Used In Following Countries:
• India
• Iran
1/12/2016 21
Species Sex
ml/kg body
weight
Rohu Male 0.10 - 0.30
Female 0.30 - 0.50
Catla Male 0.10 - 0.30
Female 0.30 - 0.50
Mrigal Male 0.10 - 0.30
Female 0.30 - 0.50
Grass carp Male 0.10 - 0.30
Female 0.40 - 0.80
Silver carp Male 0.10 - 0.30
Female 0.40 - 0.80
Cat Fishes Male 0.20 - 0.40
Female 0.60 - 0.90
22. OVAPEL
• Ovapel developed by university of Godollo in Hungary, Combined of
mammalian GnRH analogue and dopamine receptor antagonist,
Lactosum,
• Recommended dose 1-2 pellet/kg of fish in Catla and Rohu.
• Use
• Weight of brood stock should be measured before propagation.
• The required amount of ovapel is 1 pellet for 1 kg of brood stock .
• When, fish are ready for spawning, pellet should be powdered and
dissolved in salt solution (0.65% NaCl) 12 hour before planned
ovulation then injected in to the abdomen fish.
1/12/2016 22
24. Puberogen
• Puberogen consists of 63% follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
and 34% Leutinizing hormone (LH).
Dosage
• Female
• 1st 50–100 IU/kg of fish.
• 2nd 100-200 IU/kg (48 hours after the first injection)
• Male 20–50 IU/kg of fish.
• The fish will normally spawn within 12–15 hours after the
second injection.
1/12/2016 24
25. Reference
1. Hoar W.S. ,Fish physiology(valume-9B)(2014), ;Induced final maturation , ovulation and
Spermiation in cultured fish.pp-351-352
2. Sharad R Surnar, AD Kamble, NS Walse, OP Sharma, VP Saini, ; (2015), Hormone administration
with induced spawning of Indian major carp, International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic
Studies.
3. Sharma charula (2008) Assessment of Syn"ergistic Efficacy of Pituitary Extract with Ovaprim and
Ovatide on Breeding Perforrnance and Survival of Spawn of Cirrhinus mrigaJa (Ham)
4. L.B. Tiro, Jr. B.J. Pudadera, Jr., and I.O. Potesta. ; Biology and culture of sea bass (Lates calcarifer)
Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center network of aquaculture
centres in asia.
5. S. Chantarasri, Hanung Santosa, Hardoto and Sumbodo Kresno Yuwono, induced spawning and
larval rearing of seabass (lates calcarifer bloch) in captivity
6. www.Wockhardt.com
7. MahapatraB.K., (2004) Conservation of the Asiatic catfish, Clarias batrachus through artificial
propagation and larval rearing technique in India
8. U. K. Sarkar1, R. S. Negi, P. K. Deepak, S.P. Singh, S.M. Srivastava and Dipak Roy*, Captive
breeding of vulnerable Indian carp Cirrhinus reba with Ovaprim for conservation of wild
populations
1/12/2016 25