The document defines key terms related to alternative education, including informal education, non-formal learning, distance education, synchronous and asynchronous learning, indigenous societies, and home study programs. It also distinguishes between formal education, which takes place in a classroom, and informal education, which occurs outside traditional school settings and can include unschooling, homeschooling, self-teaching, and youth work. Finally, the document provides references used in defining the terms.

1. Sabroso, Jan Vincent M. Dr. Robert B. Salvador
IV – BLIS Alternative Education
I. Definition of Terms
1. Alternative Education - also known as non-traditional education or educational
alternative, includes a number of approaches to teaching and learning separate from
that offered by mainstream or traditional education
- offering or expressing a choice ,: not usual or traditional, :existing or functioning
outside of the established society,
- is the so called counterculture movement.
2. Formal education - is classroom-based, provided by trained teachers. Informal education
happens outside the classroom, in after-school programs, community-based
organizations, museums, libraries, or at home.
3. Informal education is a general term for education outside of a standard school setting. It
can refer to various forms of alternative education, such as: Unschooling or
Homeschooling Auto didacticism (Self-teaching), Youth Work.
4. Non-formal learning – Organized (even if it is only loosely organized), may or may not be
guided by a formal curriculum. This type of education may be led by a qualified
teacher or by a leader with more experience. Though it doesn’t result in a formal
degree or diploma, non-formal education is highly enriching and builds an
individual’s skills and capacities.
5. Distance education, distance learning, d-learning, or D-Learning is a mode of delivering
education and instruction, often on an individual basis, to students who are not
physically present in a traditional setting such as a classroom. Distance learning
provides "access to learning when the source of information and the learners are
separated by time and distance, or both.
6. Synchronous learning- is through ‘participation in the social world’. With help of social
media such as Chat or Web conferences the learners, with or without an instructor
comes together and learns. This is closer to traditional classroom teaching, the
premise behind this mode being that learning is a social phenomenon. ‘Isolation’ of
the learner, which is pegged down as the main reason why drop-outs occur in online
courses, is avoided by continuous contact and the feeling of being part of a learning
community.
7. Asynchronous learning is one way that a learner learns in an e-learning environment. This
mode is backed up by collaborative tools like e-mails, blogs, or discussion boards.
So, while the learners take their own course and pace through the learning material,
the option for interaction is always open – within the learner group as well as with
instructors. The interaction or any contribution is refined, for it is not spontaneous but
thought out.
8. Indigenous - is derived from the Latin etymology meaning "native" or "born within".
According to its meaning in English, any given people, ethnic group or community
may be described as indigenous in reference to some particular region or location that
they see as their traditional tribal land claim.

2. Society - the aggregate of people living together in a more or less ordered community.
Indigenous Society – native people in general thought of as living together in particular region
or location that they see as their traditional tribal land claim organized communities
with shared laws, traditions, and values.
9. Marginalized - to make someone or something seem not important or relevant ,to prevent
someone from having power or influence.
Marginalized Society - the aggregate of people that seem not important or not relevant from
having a power or influence.
10. Home study program - A course of study / program in which instruction is offered at home,
usually by mail.
References:
Fantini, M. (1976). Alternative education: A source book for parents, teaching , students and
administration. New York: Double and Co., Inc.
Keegan, D. (1996). Foundations of Distance Education . New York: Phoenix Press Inc.
Almeida, L. (1990). Current issues. Education System, 3, 946-987.
Henry, W. (1990, April 9). Making the grade in today’s schools. Time, 135, 28-31.
Indigenous. (1990). Encyclopedia britannica. (pp. 180-181). Chicago: Encyclopedia Britannica.
Foster, S. K., Paulk, A., & Dastoor, B. R. (1999). Can we really teach? New Horizons in Adult
Education, 13(1). Retrieved from http://www.nova.edu/~aed/newhorizons.html
Polette, N. J. (2000). Education for All: Literature activities to excite young minds.
Englewood, Co: Libraries Unlimited. Retrieved from http://www.netLibrary.com
Enhancinged.wgbh.org.(n.d.). Formal education for all, Retrieved from
http://enhancinged.wgbh.org/started/what/formal.html
Www.worldwidelearn.com.(n.d.). Technology education for the citizen Retrieved from
http://www.worldwidelearn.com/education-advisor/questions/synchronous-asynchronous-learning.
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webcache.googleusercontent.com.(n.d.).Retrieved from
http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:http://www.gc-solutions.
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