CHALLENGES OF DISTANCE, BLENDED, AND ONLINE LEARNING: A LITERATUREBASED APPROACH

The study analyzes the differences and common challenges of distance, blended, and online learning (DBOL) through a literature-based approach, reviewing over 65 publications. It identifies 11 challenges related to DBOL, grouped into six themes: lack of infrastructure, low IT skills, self-discipline problems, content issues, policy issues, and social issues. Recommendations for effective implementation include solid policies, adequate infrastructure, and ongoing training for stakeholders.