Running head: POLITICAL ROLES IN NATURAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT 1Political Roles in Natural Disaster Management Political Roles in Natural Disaster Management Student name: Course: Instructor name: Month, day, year: Abstract Natural disaster management is a fundamental act in the US both in economic, social-cultural, and political dimensions. Researchers and policymakers record that due to Hurricane Agnes and nuclear accidents in the United States of America, a rise to government participation at local and federal was evidence through the formation of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) (Mener A, 2007). The purpose of this paper is to review and political analysis roles in planning, preparation, and response to a natural disaster. Introduction The impact and occurrence of natural disasters are on an administrative capacity. Despite the autonomy of genetic distance relationships with a political standpoint, human political actions display myriad ways in which political intervention leads to planning, preparation, and response to such circumstances beyond one's control (Cohen C and Weker E, 2008). Political designs and models are vital in disaster control, mitigation, and control over a given geographical jurisdiction and administration capability of political power in natural disasters such as earthquake and hurricane mitigation and monitoring. Despite an extensive literature review on the political contribution in disaster management, there is a need for further research to comprehend planning, preparation, and response to natural disasters from a political perspective. Planning Disaster planning is a systematic approach to natural disaster management and control. Politics play myriad roles in planning for natural disaster mitigation and control (Choudhury Z, 2013). Politics shape the systematic planning of natural disaster management prevention, alerts, response, and recovery of the losses. The federal and local government authority plays roles to control natural disaster in various approaches. Planning of inspection methods and alert preposition are vital in the pre.

1. Running head: POLITICAL ROLES IN NATURAL DISASTER
MANAGEMENT
1Political Roles in Natural Disaster Management
Political Roles in Natural Disaster Management
Student name:
Course:
Instructor name:
Month, day, year:
Abstract
Natural disaster management is a fundamental act in the US
both in economic, social-cultural, and political dimensions.
Researchers and policymakers record that due to Hurricane
Agnes and nuclear accidents in the United States of America, a
rise to government participation at local and federal was
evidence through the formation of the Federal Emergency
Management Agency (FEMA) (Mener A, 2007). The purpose of
this paper is to review and political analysis roles in planning,
preparation, and response to a natural disaster.

2. Introduction
The impact and occurrence of natural disasters are on an
administrative capacity. Despite the autonomy of genetic
distance relationships with a political standpoint, human
political actions display myriad ways in which political
intervention leads to planning, preparation, and response to
such circumstances beyond one's control (Cohen C and Weker
E, 2008). Political designs and models are vital in disaster
control, mitigation, and control over a given geographical
jurisdiction and administration capability of political power in
natural disasters such as earthquake and hurricane mitigation
and monitoring. Despite an extensive literature review on the
political contribution in disaster management, there is a need
for further research to comprehend planning, preparation, and
response to natural disasters from a political perspective.
Planning
Disaster planning is a systematic approach to natural disaster
management and control. Politics play myriad roles in planning
for natural disaster mitigation and control (Choudhury Z, 2013).
Politics shape the systematic planning of natural disaster
management prevention, alerts, response, and recovery of the
losses. The federal and local government authority plays roles
to control natural disaster in various approaches.
Planning of inspection methods and alert preposition are vital in
the preparation of the natural disaster mitigation.
Administration formulated purposes and means to regulate and
control potential natural hazard occurrence. Similarly, in
planning to natural disaster counteraction, politics administer
routinely monitor measures and precaution in the future
presence of non-made made disaster. Furthermore, federal and
local authorities participate in disaster planning through

3. installation of automatic and computerized alarms in water
disaster or hurricane to ensure timely evacuation of the victims.
Moreover, the political setting of a region, accommodate
mandate and administration privilege to create rules and
regulation in planning to control natural disaster management.
For instance, the creation of FEMA to respond to emergencies
in managing natural disaster impacts at local and national levels
of political environment establish guideline in panning to
natural disaster control and mitigation. Planning creates a
groundwork for natural disaster mitigation approaches and
analysis.
Preparation
In emergency control and management, legislators are at the
forefront to formulate policies and regulations for natural
disaster mitigations (DeLeo R, 2018). Government institutions
and provide a framework for natural disaster preparedness,
influencing the participation of non-governmental organizations
on the mitigation process. There are various strategies in which
politics play roles in Preparation to natural disaster control.
Firstly, the provision of policies and regulation by local and
federal government establishes a ground plan for natural
disaster mitigation. Secondly, astigmatic selection and alertness
is a strategy useful for politics intervention and participation in
natural disaster mitigation and control. Furthermore, political
leadership skills and flexibility establish a significant role in
predation to natural disaster control and management. Political
perspective is, therefore, fundamental in preparation for natural
disaster management in multiple methods; thus, a subject of
concern in politics of natural disaster management across the
globe.
Response
Response to a natural disaster is an integral segment in disaster
management, showing positive response to hurricane cases in
the United States of America. For instance, in Texas and
Florida's example of a hurricane, the reports, analysis, and
documentation indicates that the response was faster and

4. reliable (Wilson C, Singer P, Creary M and Greer S, 2019). In
the provision of safe, credible, and swift response, politics
contributes to various systematic approaches to impact natural
disaster management. Arousal of the disaster management team
is a prominent response strategy to natural disaster control.
Similarly, politics play a role in the identification and
examination of the crisis in disaster management. Furthermore,
identification of tasks such as alert, financial provision, and
practical mechanism are variables of explicit influence from
federal and regional governments. The politics role in response
to natural disasters is vital since it provides a fundamental
segment of recovery and compensation of the victims and
resentment t in an en event of deadliest natural disasters.
Conclusion
Despite the absence of a direct correlation between natural
disasters and politics, human factors, and involvement in
controlling hazards and crises in a natural disaster are a direct
influence of the political answerable and implementation.
Therefore politics play fundamental roles in planning,
preparation, and response to natural disaster occurrence,
management, and control. Disaster management is a systematic
approach that should simulate and implement methodical
political, economic, and social perspectives on risk and natural
disaster mitigation and prevention.
Work Cited
Choudhury, Z. (2013). Politics of Natural Disaster: How
Governments Maintain Legitimacy in the Wake of Major
Disasters, 1990 – 2010. Retrieved on February 15, 2020, from
https://ir.uiowa.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5618&context=
etdDeLeo, R. (2018). Political Science Perspectives. Retrieved
on February 15, 2020, from
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-92722-0_6
Mener, A. (2007). Disaster Response in the United States of
America: An Analysis of the Bureaucratic and Political History
of a Failing System. Retrieved from:

5. http://www.unm.edu/~marivera/524%20readings%201/Mener_D
isaster%20Response%20in%20the%20US.pdf
Wilson, C., Singer, P., Creary, M, and Greer S. (2019).
Quantifying inequities in US federal response to hurricane
disaster in Texas and Florida compared with Puerto Rico.
Retrieved from:
https://gh.bmj.com/content/bmjgh/4/1/e001191.full.pdf
'FlÛSINESS^SfRÀTËGlST''
Managing Total Digitization
Single digital executive or digital islands? It's time to choose an
approach that
fits your corporate strategy, BY PETER WEILL AND
STEPHANIE L. WOERNER
r ^ oday's ClOs need to figure out how to1 handle the total
digitization of their enter-
22 1 prises. We are already seeing companies inwhich
digitization spending is over 25 per-cent ofthe operating budget,
and we expect
that this will hecome common. At the MIT Center for Infor-
mation Systems Research, we have done 10
case studies and a survey to understand
best practices.
So far, the landscape of enterprise digi-
tization is diverse in both management
processes and spending. In a survey of
over 2,012 CIOs, we found that only 39
percent of enterprise-wide investment in

6. digitization shows up in the IT budget.
The remaining expenditures are spread
throughout the enterprise—often creating
six or seven islands of digitization. Typical
islands include production and operations,
engineering, R&D labs, knowledge work,
digital products, and customer interaction, including social
media, mobility and websites.
We've found that enterprises are often using one or
more of three approaches to managing total digitization:
Convergence: This approach brings all digitization
investments together under a single executive. It usually
requires new organizational structures to create efficien-
cies and synergies and to increase reuse. Enterprises using
this approach tend to consolidate the key assets of people,
data, infrastructure, skills and management processes.
Coordination: This approach doesn't change orga-
nizational structure, but instead adds mechanisms to
increase coordination ofthe big digital investments made
by engineering, operations, product owners and other
enterprise groups. Leaving the organization structure as is
reduces disruption, while coordination mechanisms (such
as committees) help units work together and facilitate the
delivery of enterprise goals.
Separate stacks: This approach leaves each of the
separate stacks (or digital islands) alone to maximize local
A key role of
the CIO is to
talk with other
C-level execs

7. and help the
enterprise
pick one or
more of these
approaches.
value and avoid the overhead that results from coordinat-
ing the stacks. Here the enterprise is committed to local
innovation, typically organized by products or standalone
businesses. Capabilities are often duplicated, and account-
ability for profit and loss is held locally.
Our survey found that 21 percent of the enterprises
studied had adopted convergence as
their primary approach, while 53 percent
focused on coordination and 26 percent had
separate stacks.
Which approach or approaches should
your enterprise take? And who should
make the decision? That depends on
your enterprise's strategic drivers. Con-
vergence is for reducing cost, reducing
risk and achieving synergies. Coordina-
tion is the right choice for achieving a few
enterprise-wide goals such as improving
customer experience or asset utilization.
The approach of having separate digital
innovation stacks is right for enterprises that believe local
autonomy boosts innovation and customer responsiveness.
A natural inclination is to use different approaches for
different islands of digitization. Many companies adopt
this approach successfully, but a word of caution: The more

8. complex your approach to managing total digitization, the
more mechanisms you will need, and the more difficult it
will be to explain and implement.
A key role ofthe CIO is to have conversations with other
members of the senior executive team and help the enter-
prise pick one or more of these approaches. Once a strategy
is chosen, the IT unit can implement it, reusing lessons
learned from dealing with IT silos.
Whichever approach you take, we believe that manag-
ing total digitization is one ofthe biggest opportunities and
challenges facing the CIO and the IT unit today.
Peter Weill is chairman and senior research scientist at the MiT
Center for Information Systems Research, where Stephanie L
Woerner is a research scientist.
JUNE 1.2014 ! www.cio.com
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