Running Head: COMMITMENT OF USA TO PARIS AGREEMENT 1 COMMITMENT OF USA TO PARIS AGREEMENT 4 COMMITMENT OF USA TO PARIS AGREEMENT Danielle Schummer G328/EVR3410 Human Uses of the Environment According to my thinking, the United States of America should commit itself to the Paris agreement. It will enable the country to contribute the maximum to environmental conservation. The country should make efforts in committing itself to the Paris agreement as it has brought nations from the entire world into a common cause. Thus undertaking the needed ambitions for combating the climatic change and accordingly adapting the possible effects and challenges experienced by each country and coming up with solutions to help the developing countries to withstand the problems encountered. The agreement will, therefore, chart a new course in the global climate efforts which will help in safeguarding the welfare of the people's health (Maslin, 2007). The United States of America should, again, commit itself to the agreement as its made to strengthen the global responses to the threats brought by adverse climatic changes by developing favorable global temperature rise in the century, for the world to experience a 2 degrees Celsius decrease in the industrialized areas. According to the Paris agreement, the countries, as a whole, should develop different efforts to ensure that the nations experience a 2 degrees Celsius temperature drop. The deal is significant in that it will strengthen countries’ abilities to deal with the results brought by climatic changes as it is realized that it is changing in every century. The United States committing itself to the deal will again enable it to oversee more developments in the country as a specific financial flow should be witnessed, new technologies developed, and an enhanced capacity building framework brought into existence which will support the actions of the nation by promoting them invulnerable and reliable nations, thus meeting their set objectives (NSTC, 2008). The Paris deal has again provided enough transparency of the efforts by each state and developed a very clear framework for the nations to fight the effects of climate change within a set period. According to my understanding, we can experience global warming as a result of continued air pollution and increased industrialization by many countries in the world. As the days go by, many industries are constructed and a mechanism is not put in place to protect the polluted air from entering the atmosphere. On the other hand, the Paris agreement has impacted my stand on global warming as it has enabled me to realize that different countries can come together thus developing mechanisms objectively to reduce the occurrence of global warming. As a result of global warming water resources have been affected, leading to a decline in irrigation supplies. This occurs due to the loss of the mountain snowpack hence reducing the amounts of water for the ir ...

1. Running Head: COMMITMENT OF USA TO PARIS
AGREEMENT 1
COMMITMENT OF USA TO PARIS AGREEMENT 4
COMMITMENT OF USA TO PARIS AGREEMENT
Danielle Schummer
G328/EVR3410 Human Uses of the Environment
According to my thinking, the United States of America should
commit itself to the Paris agreement. It will enable the country
to contribute the maximum to environmental conservation. The
country should make efforts in committing itself to the Paris
agreement as it has brought nations from the entire world into a
common cause. Thus undertaking the needed ambitions for
combating the climatic change and accordingly adapting the
possible effects and challenges experienced by each country and
coming up with solutions to help the developing countries to
withstand the problems encountered.
The agreement will, therefore, chart a new course in the global
climate efforts which will help in safeguarding the welfare of

2. the people's health (Maslin, 2007). The United States of
America should, again, commit itself to the agreement as its
made to strengthen the global responses to the threats brought
by adverse climatic changes by developing favorable global
temperature rise in the century, for the world to experience a 2
degrees Celsius decrease in the industrialized areas. According
to the Paris agreement, the countries, as a whole, should
develop different efforts to ensure that the nations experience a
2 degrees Celsius temperature drop. The deal is significant in
that it will strengthen countries’ abilities to deal with the
results brought by climatic changes as it is realized that it is
changing in every century.
The United States committing itself to the deal will again
enable it to oversee more developments in the country as a
specific financial flow should be witnessed, new technologies
developed, and an enhanced capacity building framework
brought into existence which will support the actions of the
nation by promoting them invulnerable and reliable nations,
thus meeting their set objectives (NSTC, 2008). The Paris deal
has again provided enough transparency of the efforts by each
state and developed a very clear framework for the nations to
fight the effects of climate change within a set period.
According to my understanding, we can experience global
warming as a result of continued air pollution and increased
industrialization by many countries in the world. As the days go
by, many industries are constructed and a mechanism is not put
in place to protect the polluted air from entering the
atmosphere. On the other hand, the Paris agreement has
impacted my stand on global warming as it has enabled me to
realize that different countries can come together thus
developing mechanisms objectively to reduce the occurrence of
global warming.
As a result of global warming water resources have been
affected, leading to a decline in irrigation supplies. This occurs
due to the loss of the mountain snowpack hence reducing the
amounts of water for the irrigation activities (Philander, 2012).

3. However, global warming will contaminate the underground
water, leading to the death of different organisms
(Encyclopedia, 2010). Again, power supply sources will be
disrupted, leading to low power production within a given
period. This will occur due to the shrinking mountain glaciers.
Thus the electricity generations will be profoundly affected.
Lastly, global warming concerns water resources by changing
the recreational points. The effects on recreation will come as
result of the reduced snowpack brought by the continuous
pollution in the atmosphere. The spring snowmelt will affect
winter sports hence the costs of the recreational points will be
affected.
References
Encyclopedia of global warming. (2010). Pasadena, Calif:
Salem Press.
Philander, S. G. (2012). Encyclopedia of global warming &
climate change. Thousand Oaks, Calif: SAGE Publications.
National Science and Technology Council (U.S.)., & Climate
Change Science Program (U.S.). (2008). Scientific assessment
of the effects of global change on the United States.
Washington, D.C.: National Science and Technology Council
(U.S.), Committee on Environment and Natural Resources.
Maslin, M. (2007). Global warming. Stillwater, MN: Voyageur
Press.
Running head: NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY 1
NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY 5

4. National Energy Policy
Danielle Schummer
G328/EVR3410 Human Uses of the Environment
The government should establish a national energy policy
The establishment of a national energy policy is mandatory
because the strategies and policies of the sector of national
energy will be regular with the overall macro-economic policies
of the government's directives like the Medium-Term Strategy
and National Vision Plan (NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY,
2010). Even under a reign with a significant private
participation in the sector of energy, the Government shall keep
on playing an essential role by establishing a legal foundation
for the whole sector. For this reason, the Government shall
consistently evaluate the outcomes of its involvement and adjust
the policy, strategy, and the legislation as far as energy is
concerned (BIPARTISAN POLICY CENTER, 2012).
Consequently, it is assumed that the entire economy will gain
from cost-effective energy supply, protection of various groups
of customers, and reduction of negative atmospheric effects.
Constructing a Policy
· The government should validate a legislation that is “multi-
pollutant” to create an adaptable market-based program to
particularly decrease and cap nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide,
and mercury emissions from generators of electric power
(National Energy Policy Development Group, 2001).
· Escalate exports of atmospheric, friendly, market-ready United
States technology that foster a clean environment and improve
energy efficiency.
· Execute new criteria to decrease truck emissions at truck
stops.
· Direct the administration of Federal Emergency Management
to prepare for possible emergencies related to energy.
· Reinforce the energy framework of North American Energy to
accelerate and expand gas and oil pipelines, investments of

5. energy across borders, and electricity grid connections by
expediting and streamlining expediting permitting process with
Canada and Mexico.
Renewable Energy
Stable Energy Prices
Decrease or increase in fossil fuel supply has a direct influence
on inflation (Conserve Energy Future, 2017). The cost of energy
production from a renewable source of energy depends on the
amount of money spent on infrastructure as opposed to inflated
natural resource cost, which undoubtedly means one can
anticipate more stable prices if energy bulk is generated from
renewable sources.
Reliability
Constant sunshine and wind guarantee renewable energy
reliability which by far exceeds fossil fuel reliability. If the
source of fossil fuel runs dry, the entire procedure must be
moved. Provided they are in place, most of the stations dealing
with renewable energy have a permanent and constant fuel
source. As opposed to fossil fuels, in which supply is prone to
be affected by strikes, wars, political instability, and trade
disputes, renewable sources of energy are not affected by such
cons. The wind blows, and the sun shines globally, so every
country can utilize that energy and generate clean energy on a
large scale.
Low Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Nearly all the plans concerning renewable energy stress on
having much lower carbon footprints, more than any available
options on fossil fuels. Renewable sources of energy guarantee
a healthier environment since they tend not to pollute it with
carbon monoxide as well as any other toxic gases produced by
fossil fuels. Also, they cannot decrease the natural resources
and can be preserved for a long period. However, despite an
emphasis on renewable sources of energy and its advantages,
there exist a couple of disadvantages. They include;
The high cost of development:

6. A lot of expenses are involved in constructing stations of
renewable energy in both manufacturing and research of the
components required for these stations to be successful. The
known methods of fossil fuel use are less expensive since all the
construction and manufacturing processes are readily placed.
Large Area Requirement
Another disadvantage of renewable energy is the fact that wind
farms and solar panels must be set up to generate a large
amount of energy. For this reason, a significant portion of land
is required for the production of such an amount of energy,
especially on a large scale.
References
BIPARTISAN POLICY CENTER. (2012). The Executive
Branch and National Energy Policy: Time for Renewal.
Washington DC.
Conserve Energy Future. (2017). Renewable Energy Pros and
Cons.
National Energy Policy Development Group. (2001). Reliable,
Affordable, and Environmentally Sound Energy for America’s
Future. Washington DC: Seal of the President of the United
States.
NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY. (2010). Saint Lucia National
Energy Policy.
RUNNING HEAD: GMOS AND THE WORLD TODAY
1
GMOS AND THE WORLD TODAY
3
Genetically modified food controversies are disputes over the
use of foods and other goods derived from genetically modified
crops instead of conventional crops, and other uses of genetic

7. engineering in food production. The key areas of controversy
related to genetically modified food (GM food or GMO food)
are whether such food should be labeled, the role of government
regulators, the objectivity of scientific research and publication,
the effect of genetically modified crops on health and the
environment, the effect on pesticide resistance, the impact of
such crops for farmers, and the role of the crops in feeding the
world population. In addition, products derived from GMO
organisms play a role in the production of ethanol fuels and
pharmaceuticals.
I am fully in favor of mandatory GMO food labeling so
that we all have the right to make an informed decision as to
whether we want to ingest GMO foods or not. As an example,
let's look at aspartame. There is a lot of controversy
surrounding this sugar substitute and it has been linked to
serious brain disorders. The law requires that it be labeled as it
is an ingredient. I want to know if that product on the shelf
contains aspartame or not. By the same token, I want to know if
that product on the shelf contains GM product or now so that I
have the choice of consuming it or not.
Cumulative effects of products such as GMOs are important to
take into consideration. Evidence suggests that small genetic
changes in plants may produce even larger ecological shifts,
meaning that there is potential for GMO´s to become persistent
and weedy in agricultural conditions, since they are modified to
be resistant to some modern agricultural techniques. This can
also mean being invasive in natural settings, where GMOs, of
course, do not occur naturally. It is not impossible for new,
human modified, plants to become invasive species in delicate,
natural ecosystems.
Toxicity is a huge issue surrounding chemical pesticides and
herbicides, used commonly with GMOs, in addition to the
toxicity inherent to these plants. GMOs may be toxic to non-
target organisms, bees and butterflies being the most talked-
about examples currently. Bees are hugely important in the
pollination of many food crops, but are unfortunately extremely

8. endangered by modern agricultural techniques, such as GM
crops. Monarch butterflies are specifically at risk from GMO
maize plants. In addition to bees and butterflies, birds are also
at risk from pesticides, and work as biological control agents
and pollinators, again, like bees.
I am in favor of the promise of GMO products as long as they
are required to A) have the seeds submitted via an impartial
intermediary to at least three anonymous and independent
laboratories for independent testing to verify the safety of the
product, B) They are not modified to allow for
herbicidal/pesticidal spraying as the current GM crops are
absorbing some of these dangerous herbicides and pesticides
that we are consuming and C) a 5 year and 10 year crop study
be required to determine the long-term effects on the land.
References
Lallanilla, Mark (January 11, 2016) GMOs: Facts About
Genetically Modified Foods, Retrieved from:
https://www.livescience.com/40895-gmo-facts.html
Running head: ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION 1
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION 3
Environmental Pollution
G328/EVR3410 Human Uses of the Environment
Danielle A. Schummer

9. Growing up, I can say my childhood was pretty amazing. I had
good friends, but even better places that we knew and were free
to play. About a mile from our house was this planted forest
that was very large and had tall trees. It had clear paths and
people went there for jogging and relaxing. For us, this was
where we went to ride our bicycles and often raced against each
other. Eventually, this was the place that I formed good
memories with nature, because of it’s beauty. Apart from the
trees, there were other living creatures like birds, butterflies,
squirrels, rabbits, deer, and more. This place became a
sanctuary for our games due to the vast space and beauty. We
also really enjoyed the different sounds the birds made.
As I grew up, this became one of the places that had fast growth
and the land became very important for developers. As time
went by, the land and the forest were bought and later, all the
trees were cut down to create room for real estate developers.
Where there used to be fields and flower gardens filled with
life, now seems so rocky, congested, and full of garbage. At
first, we did not notice if there was any major difference, but all
this changed when the rainy season came. Floods became so
incontrollable; wind blew without anything to block it and
therefore destroyed a lot of things. The weather patterns have
also been affected making the amount of rain drop and the
garbage has weakened our health. This was an event that really
got me thinking about the environment.
In conclusion, through personal experience I was able to learn
about the different ways in which the environment is often
spoiled. Among them is deforestation, water pollution in rivers
and the seas, and lastly air pollution through our carbon
emissions. There are also many preventive measures that can be
taken to make sure that extreme pollution does not occur
(Khopkar, 2014). Among the basic measures is educating people

10. about the pollution and also setting up laws and regulations that
will help with combating those that contribute to environmental
destruction. This can also help in preventing extreme weather
conditions like flooding and acidic rain which is caused by air
pollution and deforestation. For me, I arrived at my ecological
identity through experience and now am continuing through
formal education. I have had my “blinders” on throughout most
of my life when it comes to the environment. I know I have a lot
to learn. I’ve always loved being outdoors and found nature
beautiful and amazing. I’m not sure why it has never been a big
concern for me before. Maybe I was thinking ignorance is bliss,
but I am ready to confront the issues going on in the world and
learn how I can help create change for the better.
Reference
Khopkar, S. M. (2014). Environmental pollution: Monitoring
and control. New Delhi: New Age International (P) Ltd.