Presented at OPAL-RT RT15 User Group event in Berkeley on May 13-14, 2015

1. Enel Distribuzione
activities and Real-Time
simulations experience for
Smart-Grids
Berkeley
May 13th-14th, 2015

2. 2
Enel Global Infrastructure and Networks
Electricity Transmission and Distribution
Chile
Peru
Colombia
 2,8 M clients
 2° distribution operator
(22%)
 1.200 km of HV lines
 1,7 M clients
 1° distribution operator
(33%)
 400 km of HV lines
 1,2 M clients
 2° distribution operator
(31%)
 500 km of HV lines
Brazil
Argentina
 2,4 M clients
 2° distribution operator
(17%)
 1.100 km of HV lines
Spain
 13 M clients
 1° distribution operator
(42%)
 19.600 km of HV lines
Italy
 31,7 M clients
 1° distribution operator
(85%)
Romania
 2,7 M clients
 2° distribution operator (36%)
 6.600 km of HV lines
 6,0 M clients
 3° distribution operator (7%)
 8.700 km of HV lines
Over 60 Mln Clients, 434 TWh of Distributed Energy.
One of the largest network operators in the world
with 1,9 Mln km MV/LV lines

3. Enel
Distribuzione
Overview
3

4. DSO in Italy
4
Production
HV TSO in
Italy is
Terna
MV LV
DSO responsibility
Enel Distribuzione is the
owner of 85% of the total
network
DSO in Italy is controlled from AEEG, in terms of
quality of service
Between DSO and AEEG there is a price and
penalty system based on Power Quality
performances

5. 5
The process to be controlled is typical of power
Distribution companies: it begins from HV/MV
substations (Primary substations), goes ahead in
MV/LV substations (secondary substations) and
terminates in correspondence of LV energy meters
in customer premises.
ENEL network, apart from few exceptions, is
organized in the following standard levels of
voltage:
HV: 132–150kV (under the control of National
Grid, apart from HV/MV subs);
19,000 km lines
2,500 Primary substations
MV: 10kV, 15kV, 20kV:
334,000 km lines
426,000 secondary substations
LV: 230/400V: 740,000 km lines
Remote Control and automation system
Remote Control and automation system – The process
MT
AT
MT
BT
MT
MV Customer
linea AT
linea MT
linea BT
linea
MT
HV
Customer
LV customer
HV
MV
LV
VHV/HV substation
MV/LV
Substation
HV/MV
Substation
MV/LV
Substation
LV customer

6. 6
28 Control Centers
Each Center has its own SCADA system and
controls only the network at regional level
2500 HV/MV substations:
all remote controlled.
426.000 MV/LV substations:
25% remote controlled.
Average figures for a Control Centre
~ 89 HV/MV substations all remote controlled
~ 15.200 MV/LV substations (25 - 30% remote
controlled);
~ 1,1 Million of LV customers
Remote Control and automation system - Organization

7. 7
STM: Central System for MV/LV Substations and MV network
• Remote control of HV/MV substations
(only those belomging to a single CO);
• Electronic management of
MV network diagram and connection status;
• Remote control of Secondary Substation
(25% of the total);
• Remote control of Pole top MV Switches
(several thousands);
• Remote management of
MV fault detectors
(installed in the deep of MV network);
• Remote control of LV breakers
(installed only in few substations).
Remote Control and automation system – Basic functions

8. 8
Remote Control and automation system – Web Applications
Real time
access to
event logs
Real time Supply situation
(unsupplied substations & customers)
Access to
all network
diagrams
Dashbord
for network
consistency
Dashboard for automation statistics
Dashboard for
system
performances and
reliability
REAL TIME WEB
APPLICATIONS

9. 9
Remote Control and automation system
The DMS Results and load curves

10. Distributed Generation: growth esponenzial
10
Data up to Apr. 2014
Connection to Enel Distribuzione’s Grid
di Enel Distribuzione

11. Energy flow injected to Trasmission Grid
11
HV/MV Transformers with reverse power flow

12. -400
-200
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
1,800
2,000
MW Power from TSO to DSO 2010 2011
2012 2013
12
Implications for the network
Net energy flows from TSO’s perspective (Puglia - May)
Weekdays Saturday Sunday
Decreased energy Flow due to DG penetration
About 4.000.000 of people
live in Puglia

13. Storage connection to MV Distribution Grid
CP: Dirillo (POI)
2MW/1MWh
Isernia (Isernia)
1MW/0.5 MWh
Cesena (GRID4EU)
1 MW/1MWh
CP: Chiaravalle (POI)
2MW/2MWh
CP: Campi Salentina (POI)
2MW/1MWh

14. Storage connection to LV Distribution Grid
Both installations are in
Abruzzo: 32kW/32 kWh

15. Enel Smart-Grids
Project and Real-
Time simulations
experience
15

16. 16
Where is the Enel Smart-Grid and Smart-City
Team
Milano - Smart Grid Lab
Roma-
Headquarter
Bari-Smart City
Center
Milano - Smart Grid Team

17. Most Relevant Enel Distribuzione Smart-Grids
and Smart-Cities project
17
Isernia Project

18. 18
Enel Smart Mobility
EV Recharging Infrastructures
Fast Recharge
Pole
Station
Home
Station
Over 2400 recharging stations installed
Cutting-edge technology
for slow, quick and fast recharge
Electric Car Sharing project in progress in Madrid
E-mobility projects in Roma, Vatican City, Pisa,
Bari, Bologna, Genova, Barcelona, Málaga
Electric Taxi ongoing project in Bogotà

19. 19
Real Time Simulation experience
Our experience in Real-Time
Simulator Start in 2008 using
RTDS
In 2013 Enel for Milan
“Smart Grid lab”
bought also Opal-RT

20. 20
Opal RT in Milan Laboratory
Opal RT Simulator
Fault Detector
Connected to
Simulated network
RTU of MV/LV
Substation
Connected to Enel SCADA
system

21. 21
Real-Time experience
Critical Points
~
BV
MVB
TrI
AVR
G
G
G
G
G
a
b
c
d
e
CN
CNV
1 HV/MV
Transformer
MV Single-Phase
nodes 1000
MV DER 80
90% of feeder
sections are
few km

22.  START is an Enel system developed in Milan able to take DATA from Enel company DB
and convert the network in the Real Time simulator format (Opal RT or RTDS)
22
Real Time experience
START
 Time to implement the network in the simulator is a lot (more than one week).
DB
More than one week
Few minutes
START
DB

23.  Due to very high number of models is impossible to solve the entire network with a single
processor
23
Real Time experience
Network complexity
•Due to the length of the sections and the absence of transformers along the lines. Is
impossible to connect portion of network solved in different processor using traditional
stub-lines especially to simulate transient behavior of the network
Processor/Core 1 Processor/Core 2
No
Stub-Lines

24. 24
Cired 2015 paper
Case
name # of EMTP
nodes
# of
SSN
nodes
# of
core
used
Real-time
step
Enel Distribuzione
E1a (SSN)
750
6
4 52 µs
F1a (SSN) 650 15 4 70 µs
F2 (ePHASORsim) 447 -- 1 10 ms
Real-time performance of distribution grid models on ARTEMIS-
SSN 7.0 with Intel-Xeon Processor-E5-2687W (Xeon V3)

25. 25
Real Time simulators allows to:
• Simulate complete tests hardly
reproducible in real grids (faults,
regulations, etc…)
• Network dynamic simulations, feature not
present in classical relay test boxes
great flexibility. We need it to conduce
tests and studies.
First study did with Real-Time Simulators
Test of algorithms to tune Petersen-Coil

26. 26
~
BV
MVB
TrI
AVR
G
G
G
G
G
a
b
c
d
e
CN
CNV
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
0.96
0.97
0.98
0.99
1
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.1
1.11
t [h]
V
G1
[p.u.]
VG1
(no V reg.)
VG1
(UPG reg.)
V
G1
(RQV reg.)
SCADA + DMS
POI P3 Smart Grid Project
The main GOAL of the project is to perform New Technique of voltage
regulation via DMS and SCADA in order to increase hosting capacity of
the network
In this project all devices
communicate via IEC 61850
standard

27. 27
POI P4 Smart Grid Project
The main Goal of this project is to operate the MV network in
permanent loop, in order to increase the hosting capacity and
perform logical selectivity via fiber optic communication and using
IEC 61850 standard
RGDM1
RGDM2
RGDMn
RGDMn-1
RGDM4
RGDM3
PS SS1
SS2
SSn
DV901A
DV901B
DV901C
HV/MV
HV/MV
Lock
Lock
Lock
Trip

28. 28
Isernia project
GOAL: Perform smart voltage
regulation and logical selectivity
during fault

29. Black Start with Storage (Isernia Project)
29
We supplied with the storage:
•5 MV/LV transformers
•About 90 kVA
•Rated voltage 20 kV
•Current absorbed 2.6 A

30. Grid4EU project
30
The new system will allow to:
•Implement Voltage Control (at all nodes) and
Power Flow Control in the MV network
•Develop new procedures for managing
efficiently and reliably generation units
disconnection in the event of unwanted
islanding
•Test and assess the use of a storage facility
for optimized Network Operations and Energy
Management
•Enable the dispatching of the renewable
generation on the MV network

31. 31
Enel is EXPO 2015 Smart Energy Partner, bringing to the
exhibition state-of-the-art Smart Grids technologies:
 Innovative automatic grid control
and fault detection systems for electricity
distribution network management
(50MW are required)
 80 MV delivery substations
for pavilions, with MV close ring,
10 MV feeders, 10 MV delivery substations
 Storage System and integration of RES
 EMS for Pavilions and Palazzo Italia
 Over 8.000 LED lighting fixtures
 50 recharging stations for EV
 Operation Centre to monitor and control
all the electrical infrastructures: interactive
multimedia contents will be available
both at Enel Pavilion and Milano Rubattino Enel Showroom
EXPO 2015 Milano
The first greenfield Smart City in the World

32. 32
About Smart Grids Lab and cooperation
Electrical Engineering
Smart Grids specialization
In collaboration with Enel Distribuzione

33. Enel Distribuzione
activities and Real-Time
simulations experience for
Smart-Grids
Berkeley
May 13th-14th, 2015
Thank you for
your attention