Comparison of Non-real-time and Real-time Simulators with Relays-in-the-Loop for Adaptive Overcurrent Protection

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By Emilio C. Piesciorovsky, Kansas State College of Engineering and Noel N. Schulz, Tennessee tech Learn more at www.opal-rt.com

Engineering

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Towards cloud-based real-time HIL for wide-area special control and protection system testing Presented by: Jean Belanger, President and CTO of OPAL-RT TECHNOLOGIES Abstract: High penetration of inverter-based Distributed Energy Resources (DERs), widespread installation of FACTS and HVDC interconnection systems, and the decommissioning of thermal and nuclear plants are significantly reducing inertia in large-scale power systems. Fast power-electronics based control and protection schemes act to stabilize these systems, but they are sensitive to harmonics, transients, and system imbalances. It has been shown that simplified positive-sequence RMS models alone are insufficient for Transient Stability Assessment (TSA) of large-scale, low-inertia power grids. Therefore, utilities and regulators such as NERC, as well as professional associations such as CIGRE and IEEE, have begun investigating detailed EMT simulation to assess the transient stability of large-scale, low-inertia power grids that include power-electronic plant controllers. However, detailed EMT simulation of large-scale power grids for 20 to 30 second time-frames and hundreds of contingencies presents a number of computational and analytic challenges including excessive simulation time, large-scale grid data management and the unavailability of detailed and validated models of power-electronic plant controllers. Furthermore, these plant controllers, if they are provided by OEMs, are in the form of blackbox, pre-compiled DLLs, which are implemented for specific simulation tools, without any interoperability standard. This presentation will describe OPAL-RT solutions to achieve very large-scale, detailed grid EMT simulation in real-time for Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) / Software-in-the-Loop (SIL) control and protection testing, as well as quasi-real-time simulation for fast TSA evaluation of large-scale, low-inertia power systems. With these solutions, blackboxcontrol and protection systems can be implemented natively in the EMT simulation tool, HYPERSIM. PSCAD DLLs can also be co-simulated with HYPERSIM using a software interface based on the CIGRE model-interoperability guidelines. Such advances will accelerate connection studies and can be used to implement cloud-native tools to help operators assess system stability with hundreds of contingencies in 5-to 10-minute time-frames. This performance can be achieved for grids having several thousand busses with a 50-microsecond time-step using a few hundred processors. As HYPERSIM runs under Windows or LINUX, powerful cloud-based applications can be implemented for TSA and to test wide area control and protection systems using SIL or HIL with real control and protection software and hardware. Communication system emulators, such as eXata can also be used to analyze cyber-attacks and countermeasures as well as to evaluate the effect of communication failures and delays on system performance. Learn more at www.opal-rt.com

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