rrna vaccines are a type of biological preparation that provide immunity against infectious diseases using self-amplifying RNA molecules. They differ from traditional vaccines by not containing live virus particles, thus posing no risk of disease, and include various types such as non-segmented negative-strand and viral vector-based vaccines. Current research focuses on developments like COVID-19 vaccines, broad-spectrum platforms, and optimizing vaccine design.

1. rRNA Vaccines
Submitted by :- Mayank Kumawat
Course :- BSc (H) MB
Enrollment No. :- A22489222006
Submitted to :- Dr. Deepti Ma’am

2. rRNA Vaccines
• Vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to
a particular infectious or malignant disease.
• A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a diseases-causing
microorganisms. rRNA vaccines include their rapid development potential,
scalability, and versatility in targeting various pathogens.
• rRNA vaccines do not contain live virus particles, they pose no risk of
causing the disease they aim to prevent.
• rRNA vaccines, or replicon RNA vaccines, represent an innovative approach
to vaccination. Unlike traditional vaccines that use weakened or inactivated
pathogens, rRNA vaccines utilize self-amplifying RNA molecules.
• These RNA molecules not only encode the antigen but also carry elements
of the viral genome that enable them to replicate within host cells.

3. Discovery of rRNA Vaccines
• The first RNA vaccine was developed in 1993 by Martinon.
• They obtained this RNA vaccine encoding an influenza virus protein,
encapsulated in a nanoparticle liposome, in order to induce, in mice, the
production of anti-influenza cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL).
• Katalin Karikó, and Drew Weissman invented the messenger RNA technology that
serves as the foundation of the Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna vaccines.
• India's first mRNA vaccine has been developed using the indigenous platform
technology by Gennova, with funding support from Department of Biotechnology
(DBT) and Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council (BIRAC).

4. Types of rRNA
Vaccines
• There are 5 types of rRNA
vaccines:-
1. Non-segmented negative-
strand RNA (NNS)
Vaccines
2. Positive-strand RNA
Vaccines
3. Replicon particle Vaccines
4. Self-Amplifying RNA
(saRNA) Vaccines
5. Viral Vector-Based rRNA
Vaccines

5. Mode of Action
• Mode of action of rRNA vaccines :-
i. Delivery into host cell
ii. Translation and replication
iii. Antigen production
iv. Presentation to immune cells
v. Activation of immune response
vi. Memory formation
vii. Immune response execution
viii. Resolution and long-term immunity

6. Current research in
rRNA Vaccines
• The current researches topics are
i. COVID-19 Vaccine Development
ii. Broad spectrum vaccine platforms
iii. Therapeutic Applications
iv. Optimization of Vaccine design
v. Understanding immune response
vi. Preclinical and clinical studies

7. THANK
YOU