The document provides guidance on conducting a literature review. It discusses what a literature review is, why they are conducted, how to search the literature, evaluate sources, analyze and organize the information, and structure the written review. Key steps include formulating a research problem, searching multiple databases, evaluating and selecting relevant sources, analyzing and organizing common themes, and constructing the review with an introduction, body, and conclusion. Effective literature reviews are accurate, thorough, and place sources in context of the topic.
The document provides information on conducting a literature review for social research. It defines what constitutes literature and a review, and outlines the main functions of a literature review such as bringing clarity and focus to the research problem, improving the research methodology, broadening the knowledge base, and enabling contextualization of findings. The document also describes the key steps in conducting a literature review including identifying terms, searching and selecting relevant literature, reviewing and organizing the literature, developing a theoretical and conceptual framework, and writing about the literature reviewed under relevant subheadings.
The document provides guidance on writing a literature review. It explains that a literature review goes beyond summarizing articles and focuses on critically analyzing the relationships between works and relating the research to your own work. It discusses four stages of developing a literature review: problem formulation, literature search, data evaluation, and analysis/interpretation. The document also provides tips for clarifying requirements, finding models, narrowing topics, considering source currency, taking notes, choosing mini or full-length reviews, being critical and consistent, and finding a logical structure.
This document provides guidance on conducting scientific research. It discusses selecting an area and topic for research, developing a research question, conducting a literature review, formulating goals and objectives, and developing a hypothesis.
The key steps outlined are: 1) selecting an area of interest and topic based on relevance, resources, and need; 2) developing a clear, answerable research question that has not been addressed; 3) conducting a thorough literature review to understand previous work and prevent duplication; 4) establishing goals in broad terms and specific, measurable objectives; and 5) translating the research question into a testable hypothesis about the relationship between variables. Following these systematic steps is crucial for rigorous research.
Literature Review - How to write effectively.pptxnguyenlekhanhx02
The document provides guidance on conducting a literature review. It defines a literature review as analyzing and synthesizing existing works to place the current study in context, avoid duplication, and identify gaps. An effective literature review compares and contrasts authors' views, groups similar conclusions, and critically evaluates methodologies. It should highlight exemplary studies, identify patterns, and show how the current study relates to prior work. When searching literature, one should use a variety of sources and evaluate their credibility. The conclusion should draw key points and discuss the need for further research.
The document provides guidance on developing a research proposal. It defines a research proposal as a detailed plan of study that presents ideas in an accessible way and describes what will be done, why it should be done, how it will be done, and expected results. Key aspects of a proposal discussed include properly defining the research problem, identifying sources of research ideas, selecting an appropriate topic based on criteria like contribution and feasibility, and including essential components like a literature review. The literature review aims to provide understanding of prior work on the topic and prevent unnecessary duplication.
This document provides guidance on conducting a literature review. It discusses defining a literature review, steps to take before beginning such as deciding areas of focus and constructing a thesis statement. It also covers researching sources, organizing the review thematically, chronologically or methodologically, and writing recommendations such as using evidence selectively, summarizing findings, and drafting and revising. The overall document serves as a guide for students on how to properly conduct and structure a literature review.
This document provides guidance on how to conduct a literature review. It outlines 7 key steps: 1) establish a research focus, 2) identify relevant search sources, 3) select appropriate search terms, 4) use search operators, 5) organize research findings, 6) determine relevant literature, and 7) analyze, synthesize and summarize the evidence into a report. The document emphasizes keeping the research topic specific and focused. It also stresses the importance of thoroughly documenting the search process and properly citing all sources in the literature review. The overall goal of a literature review is to compare and analyze existing research on a topic and identify how the proposed study will add to the current body of knowledge.
The document provides information on conducting a literature review for social research. It defines what constitutes literature and a review, and outlines the main functions of a literature review such as bringing clarity and focus to the research problem, improving the research methodology, broadening the knowledge base, and enabling contextualization of findings. The document also describes the key steps in conducting a literature review including identifying terms, searching and selecting relevant literature, reviewing and organizing the literature, developing a theoretical and conceptual framework, and writing about the literature reviewed under relevant subheadings.
The document provides guidance on writing a literature review. It explains that a literature review goes beyond summarizing articles and focuses on critically analyzing the relationships between works and relating the research to your own work. It discusses four stages of developing a literature review: problem formulation, literature search, data evaluation, and analysis/interpretation. The document also provides tips for clarifying requirements, finding models, narrowing topics, considering source currency, taking notes, choosing mini or full-length reviews, being critical and consistent, and finding a logical structure.
This document provides guidance on conducting scientific research. It discusses selecting an area and topic for research, developing a research question, conducting a literature review, formulating goals and objectives, and developing a hypothesis.
The key steps outlined are: 1) selecting an area of interest and topic based on relevance, resources, and need; 2) developing a clear, answerable research question that has not been addressed; 3) conducting a thorough literature review to understand previous work and prevent duplication; 4) establishing goals in broad terms and specific, measurable objectives; and 5) translating the research question into a testable hypothesis about the relationship between variables. Following these systematic steps is crucial for rigorous research.
Literature Review - How to write effectively.pptxnguyenlekhanhx02
The document provides guidance on conducting a literature review. It defines a literature review as analyzing and synthesizing existing works to place the current study in context, avoid duplication, and identify gaps. An effective literature review compares and contrasts authors' views, groups similar conclusions, and critically evaluates methodologies. It should highlight exemplary studies, identify patterns, and show how the current study relates to prior work. When searching literature, one should use a variety of sources and evaluate their credibility. The conclusion should draw key points and discuss the need for further research.
The document provides guidance on developing a research proposal. It defines a research proposal as a detailed plan of study that presents ideas in an accessible way and describes what will be done, why it should be done, how it will be done, and expected results. Key aspects of a proposal discussed include properly defining the research problem, identifying sources of research ideas, selecting an appropriate topic based on criteria like contribution and feasibility, and including essential components like a literature review. The literature review aims to provide understanding of prior work on the topic and prevent unnecessary duplication.
This document provides guidance on conducting a literature review. It discusses defining a literature review, steps to take before beginning such as deciding areas of focus and constructing a thesis statement. It also covers researching sources, organizing the review thematically, chronologically or methodologically, and writing recommendations such as using evidence selectively, summarizing findings, and drafting and revising. The overall document serves as a guide for students on how to properly conduct and structure a literature review.
This document provides guidance on how to conduct a literature review. It outlines 7 key steps: 1) establish a research focus, 2) identify relevant search sources, 3) select appropriate search terms, 4) use search operators, 5) organize research findings, 6) determine relevant literature, and 7) analyze, synthesize and summarize the evidence into a report. The document emphasizes keeping the research topic specific and focused. It also stresses the importance of thoroughly documenting the search process and properly citing all sources in the literature review. The overall goal of a literature review is to compare and analyze existing research on a topic and identify how the proposed study will add to the current body of knowledge.
The document provides guidance on conducting an effective literature review. It defines what a literature review is and discusses why they are important. The presentation covers the literature review process, including defining the research question, searching for sources, selecting and evaluating sources, and synthesizing the information. It emphasizes organizing the review with an introduction, body, and conclusion and considering chronological, thematic, or methodological organization for the body. Tips are provided on what to write, such as discussing key findings and gaps, and on the layout and language for an academic literature review.
Introduction to Systematic Literature Review.pptxiabdelaziz
This document provides guidance on conducting a literature review. It defines a literature review as a paper that summarizes and discusses previous research on a topic, exploring strengths and weaknesses. The document outlines why literature reviews are important for avoiding duplicating work and identifying gaps. It discusses stages of conducting a review including formulating a problem, searching literature, evaluating sources, analyzing information, and constructing the review. Tips are provided on assessing sources, taking notes, managing references, analyzing findings, and structuring the written review.
This document provides guidance on publishing a science citation index paper and maximizing the chances of rapid acceptance. It discusses choosing a researchable topic, preparing for publication by considering fundamental questions like why, what, when, where, and how to publish. It provides tips on different parts of a scientific publication including the title, abstract, keywords, introduction, methodology, results and discussion, and conclusion sections. The document aims to help researchers successfully publish their work.
This document provides guidance on conducting a literature review. It defines a literature review as surveying scholarly sources relevant to a research topic and providing descriptions and evaluations of these sources. The document outlines steps for developing a literature review such as narrowing the topic, searching literature databases, organizing sources, and developing research questions. It also discusses summarizing and synthesizing sources as part of the literature review and provides tips for critically analyzing sources. Finally, the document lists parts of a literature review and potential sources to search like journal articles, conferences, and databases.
This document provides guidance on writing a literature review. It defines a literature review as a discussion of published information on a particular subject that may constitute a chapter in a thesis or dissertation. The purpose is to place works in their proper context and relationship to one another, resolve conflicts, identify gaps, and point to further research needs. When writing, the literature review should be organized, assess sources objectively, and draw conclusions on their contributions and arguments while using evidence from the sources. The document outlines a process of clarifying the assignment, finding models, considering source currency, developing a focus and thesis, and revising through summarizing, synthesizing and citing sources accurately.
This document provides guidance on writing a literature review. It defines a literature review as analyzing and summarizing previous research on a topic to place one's own work in context. The document outlines the components and purpose of a literature review, including establishing the background and significance of a research problem and identifying gaps in previous research. It recommends searching widely on a topic, evaluating sources critically, and organizing the review with a clear focus and structure. The document emphasizes using evidence from sources to support an argument, and revising the review thoroughly to present information concisely and address the intended audience.
This document provides an overview of literature reviews, including their definition, importance, purpose, types, sources, and steps. A literature review aims to critically evaluate previous research on a topic. It is important as it helps identify gaps and orient the reader. The main purposes are to focus on past research, show how a new study fills gaps, and set boundaries. Types include traditional narratives, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and meta-syntheses. Sources are primary, secondary, and tertiary. The steps are to identify key terms, locate literature, evaluate and select sources, organize findings, and write the review. Elements to address in the review are an introduction, body, and conclusion.
The document provides guidance on writing a literature review for an undergraduate dissertation. It discusses what a literature review is and its purpose, the structure of a literature review, critical reading, synthesizing information from sources, and concluding the literature review. Key points covered include demonstrating an in-depth understanding of the topic area, identifying major thinkers and research gaps, and convincing the reader that the research questions are important and the thesis will make an original contribution.
This document provides guidance for students on completing a dissertation module. It outlines the aims of allowing independent study and in-depth investigation of a topic. It discusses techniques for literature searching and reviewing primary sources. The dissertation layout involves 4 main sections - an introduction, literature review, discussion, and references. The literature review section requires appraisal of 6-8 primary sources less than 10 years old using a critique framework. It emphasizes comprehensive literature searching and critical analysis of methodologies. Overall recommendations and areas for further research must be provided based on findings. Guidance is given on literature searching strategies, evaluating sources, and referencing.
The document provides guidance on how to write a review of related literature. It explains that a literature review gives an overview of previous writings on a research topic and identifies key elements to include, such as background knowledge, relevant theories, data, and study results. It outlines a five-step process for conducting a literature review: searching for sources, evaluating sources, identifying themes, outlining a structure, and writing the review. The document emphasizes synthesizing, analyzing, and critically evaluating sources, and connecting the literature to the researcher's own work.
The document provides guidance on conducting research through a systematic process. It discusses selecting an area and topic, developing research questions and hypotheses, designing a study, collecting and analyzing data, and publishing findings. It also covers different types of research like basic vs applied research and exploratory vs descriptive vs explanatory research. Additionally, it provides tips on doing a literature review by searching, evaluating, and analyzing previous studies on the topic to inform the research.
This document provides an overview of writing a research proposal and literature review. It discusses that a research proposal describes an investigation by outlining what will be studied, why it is important, and how the research will be conducted. The proposal establishes a plan and framework for the research project. It typically includes sections for an introduction, literature review, research design, and references. The literature review discusses and analyzes previous scholarship on the topic to situate the proposed project within existing research.
The document discusses the key aspects of developing a research problem including defining the research problem as a question, selecting an appropriate topic, reviewing relevant literature, and properly citing sources. It provides examples of potential research questions and outlines the major steps in conducting a literature review such as searching for sources, taking notes, organizing findings, and citing references in APA or MLA style. The overall process of developing a research problem is presented as determining a question or issue to study, reviewing prior work on the topic, and properly attributing other researchers' work.
This document provides an agenda for a class on principles of research. It discusses key aspects of graduate level research including conducting literature reviews. It outlines common errors in literature reviews such as not allowing enough time for search strategies or relying too heavily on secondary sources. The document then discusses how to properly conduct a literature review in the same way as primary research through problem formulation, data collection, evaluation, analysis and presentation. Finally, it discusses managing research through citation management programs and staying current using alerts.
This document provides an agenda for a class on principles of research. It discusses key aspects of graduate level research including conducting literature reviews. It outlines common errors in literature reviews such as not allowing enough time for search strategies or relying too heavily on secondary sources. The document then discusses how to properly conduct a literature review in the same way as primary research through problem formulation, data collection, evaluation, analysis and presentation. Finally, it discusses managing research through citation management programs and staying current using alerts.
The document provides an overview of a webinar on writing a literature review. It discusses selecting and narrowing a topic, evaluating primary and secondary sources for accuracy and usefulness, taking effective notes, writing with a thematic structure in paragraphs, avoiding redundancy, and including an introduction with a thesis statement. The goal is to help readers understand the state of research on a topic and identify areas for future study.
The document discusses the purpose and types of literature reviews. It explains that theoretical literature reviews establish the context and theoretical framework for a study, while empirical reviews examine past empirical studies to answer a research question. The sources of literature include research from peer-reviewed journals, professional literature from trade magazines, and popular sources. The document also outlines the steps and important considerations for writing literature reviews.
The document provides guidance on selecting a research topic, including brainstorming ideas, choosing a manageable topic, defining the topic as a focused research question, and formulating a thesis statement. Some key steps are brainstorming topics based on personal interests or current events, reading background information to identify keywords, focusing the topic by limiting its scope, and researching the topic to answer the research question. The goal is to select a topic that can be thoroughly researched within the assigned parameters.
The document provides guidance on conducting an effective literature review. It defines what a literature review is and discusses why they are important. The presentation covers the literature review process, including defining the research question, searching for sources, selecting and evaluating sources, and synthesizing the information. It emphasizes organizing the review with an introduction, body, and conclusion and considering chronological, thematic, or methodological organization for the body. Tips are provided on what to write, such as discussing key findings and gaps, and on the layout and language for an academic literature review.
Introduction to Systematic Literature Review.pptxiabdelaziz
This document provides guidance on conducting a literature review. It defines a literature review as a paper that summarizes and discusses previous research on a topic, exploring strengths and weaknesses. The document outlines why literature reviews are important for avoiding duplicating work and identifying gaps. It discusses stages of conducting a review including formulating a problem, searching literature, evaluating sources, analyzing information, and constructing the review. Tips are provided on assessing sources, taking notes, managing references, analyzing findings, and structuring the written review.
This document provides guidance on publishing a science citation index paper and maximizing the chances of rapid acceptance. It discusses choosing a researchable topic, preparing for publication by considering fundamental questions like why, what, when, where, and how to publish. It provides tips on different parts of a scientific publication including the title, abstract, keywords, introduction, methodology, results and discussion, and conclusion sections. The document aims to help researchers successfully publish their work.
This document provides guidance on conducting a literature review. It defines a literature review as surveying scholarly sources relevant to a research topic and providing descriptions and evaluations of these sources. The document outlines steps for developing a literature review such as narrowing the topic, searching literature databases, organizing sources, and developing research questions. It also discusses summarizing and synthesizing sources as part of the literature review and provides tips for critically analyzing sources. Finally, the document lists parts of a literature review and potential sources to search like journal articles, conferences, and databases.
This document provides guidance on writing a literature review. It defines a literature review as a discussion of published information on a particular subject that may constitute a chapter in a thesis or dissertation. The purpose is to place works in their proper context and relationship to one another, resolve conflicts, identify gaps, and point to further research needs. When writing, the literature review should be organized, assess sources objectively, and draw conclusions on their contributions and arguments while using evidence from the sources. The document outlines a process of clarifying the assignment, finding models, considering source currency, developing a focus and thesis, and revising through summarizing, synthesizing and citing sources accurately.
This document provides guidance on writing a literature review. It defines a literature review as analyzing and summarizing previous research on a topic to place one's own work in context. The document outlines the components and purpose of a literature review, including establishing the background and significance of a research problem and identifying gaps in previous research. It recommends searching widely on a topic, evaluating sources critically, and organizing the review with a clear focus and structure. The document emphasizes using evidence from sources to support an argument, and revising the review thoroughly to present information concisely and address the intended audience.
This document provides an overview of literature reviews, including their definition, importance, purpose, types, sources, and steps. A literature review aims to critically evaluate previous research on a topic. It is important as it helps identify gaps and orient the reader. The main purposes are to focus on past research, show how a new study fills gaps, and set boundaries. Types include traditional narratives, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and meta-syntheses. Sources are primary, secondary, and tertiary. The steps are to identify key terms, locate literature, evaluate and select sources, organize findings, and write the review. Elements to address in the review are an introduction, body, and conclusion.
The document provides guidance on writing a literature review for an undergraduate dissertation. It discusses what a literature review is and its purpose, the structure of a literature review, critical reading, synthesizing information from sources, and concluding the literature review. Key points covered include demonstrating an in-depth understanding of the topic area, identifying major thinkers and research gaps, and convincing the reader that the research questions are important and the thesis will make an original contribution.
This document provides guidance for students on completing a dissertation module. It outlines the aims of allowing independent study and in-depth investigation of a topic. It discusses techniques for literature searching and reviewing primary sources. The dissertation layout involves 4 main sections - an introduction, literature review, discussion, and references. The literature review section requires appraisal of 6-8 primary sources less than 10 years old using a critique framework. It emphasizes comprehensive literature searching and critical analysis of methodologies. Overall recommendations and areas for further research must be provided based on findings. Guidance is given on literature searching strategies, evaluating sources, and referencing.
The document provides guidance on how to write a review of related literature. It explains that a literature review gives an overview of previous writings on a research topic and identifies key elements to include, such as background knowledge, relevant theories, data, and study results. It outlines a five-step process for conducting a literature review: searching for sources, evaluating sources, identifying themes, outlining a structure, and writing the review. The document emphasizes synthesizing, analyzing, and critically evaluating sources, and connecting the literature to the researcher's own work.
The document provides guidance on conducting research through a systematic process. It discusses selecting an area and topic, developing research questions and hypotheses, designing a study, collecting and analyzing data, and publishing findings. It also covers different types of research like basic vs applied research and exploratory vs descriptive vs explanatory research. Additionally, it provides tips on doing a literature review by searching, evaluating, and analyzing previous studies on the topic to inform the research.
This document provides an overview of writing a research proposal and literature review. It discusses that a research proposal describes an investigation by outlining what will be studied, why it is important, and how the research will be conducted. The proposal establishes a plan and framework for the research project. It typically includes sections for an introduction, literature review, research design, and references. The literature review discusses and analyzes previous scholarship on the topic to situate the proposed project within existing research.
The document discusses the key aspects of developing a research problem including defining the research problem as a question, selecting an appropriate topic, reviewing relevant literature, and properly citing sources. It provides examples of potential research questions and outlines the major steps in conducting a literature review such as searching for sources, taking notes, organizing findings, and citing references in APA or MLA style. The overall process of developing a research problem is presented as determining a question or issue to study, reviewing prior work on the topic, and properly attributing other researchers' work.
This document provides an agenda for a class on principles of research. It discusses key aspects of graduate level research including conducting literature reviews. It outlines common errors in literature reviews such as not allowing enough time for search strategies or relying too heavily on secondary sources. The document then discusses how to properly conduct a literature review in the same way as primary research through problem formulation, data collection, evaluation, analysis and presentation. Finally, it discusses managing research through citation management programs and staying current using alerts.
This document provides an agenda for a class on principles of research. It discusses key aspects of graduate level research including conducting literature reviews. It outlines common errors in literature reviews such as not allowing enough time for search strategies or relying too heavily on secondary sources. The document then discusses how to properly conduct a literature review in the same way as primary research through problem formulation, data collection, evaluation, analysis and presentation. Finally, it discusses managing research through citation management programs and staying current using alerts.
The document provides an overview of a webinar on writing a literature review. It discusses selecting and narrowing a topic, evaluating primary and secondary sources for accuracy and usefulness, taking effective notes, writing with a thematic structure in paragraphs, avoiding redundancy, and including an introduction with a thesis statement. The goal is to help readers understand the state of research on a topic and identify areas for future study.
The document discusses the purpose and types of literature reviews. It explains that theoretical literature reviews establish the context and theoretical framework for a study, while empirical reviews examine past empirical studies to answer a research question. The sources of literature include research from peer-reviewed journals, professional literature from trade magazines, and popular sources. The document also outlines the steps and important considerations for writing literature reviews.
The document provides guidance on selecting a research topic, including brainstorming ideas, choosing a manageable topic, defining the topic as a focused research question, and formulating a thesis statement. Some key steps are brainstorming topics based on personal interests or current events, reading background information to identify keywords, focusing the topic by limiting its scope, and researching the topic to answer the research question. The goal is to select a topic that can be thoroughly researched within the assigned parameters.
The document discusses the various word formation processes used to expand vocabulary and communicate smoothly. It describes 9 main processes: derivation, back-formation, conversion, compounding, clipping, blending, abbreviation, acronyms, and borrowing. Derivation adds affixes to base words to create new words, while back-formation removes affixes. Conversion changes a word's grammatical class without changing form. Compounding combines words, and clipping shortens words. Blending combines parts of multiple words. Abbreviation and acronyms shorten words or phrases. Borrowing adopts words from other languages. Mastering these processes helps effectively form new words.
Branding involves creating a name or symbol that identifies a product or service and differentiates it from competitors. An effective brand delivers clear messages, builds credibility, connects with customers, motivates buyers, and fosters user loyalty. Simple tips to publicize a brand include developing a memorable tagline, designing a consistent logo, writing a clear brand message, delivering high-quality products, and practicing reliability and consistency.
This document provides guidance on reviewing related literature and studies. It discusses that a review of related literature focuses primarily on academic sources like publications, books and journals to provide a comprehensive understanding of existing theoretical and empirical work on the research topic. Meanwhile, a review of related studies offers an overview of all relevant studies from both academic and non-academic sources to demonstrate the relevance and applicability of findings to the topic. The document also outlines the importance of reviewing literature and studies, which is to lay the foundation and guide the researcher in designing various aspects of the study.
This document provides guidance on developing questionnaires for research. It defines what a questionnaire is and discusses its purpose and benefits. It outlines different types of questionnaire questions like open-ended, closed-format, dichotomous, rating and Likert questions. Guidelines are provided for designing good questionnaires, including drafting clear, concise questions and ensuring logical question sequence and flow. Both advantages like low cost and ease of analysis and disadvantages like low response rates are reviewed. The overall aim is to help researchers construct valid, reliable questionnaires for collecting data.
Chapter-1-Outline of a Research Paper Group-1.pptxJessaBejer1
This document provides an overview of key components of a research paper introduction. It discusses the background of the study, which provides context for the research question and explains why the topic is worth exploring. It also covers the statement of the problem, which briefly outlines the specific problem addressed by the study. Finally, it discusses the significance of the study, which explains how the research will contribute to the field and who will benefit from the findings.
Parts of Chapter 1 in Research Paper or Thesis.pptxJessaBejer1
This document outlines the key components that should be included in Chapter 1 of a thesis. These components include the rationale, theoretical background/framework, conceptual framework, statement of the problem, hypotheses, significance of the study, scope and limitations of the study, and definition of terms. Each component is described in 1-2 paragraphs explaining what information it should contain. For example, the rationale section should introduce the study and show why it is necessary, while the theoretical background should discuss theories related to the study's variables and problems. The conceptual framework defines the study's variables and how they will be measured.
This document provides an overview of qualitative research, including its objectives, importance, characteristics, processes, and ethics. The key points are:
- The objectives are to share research experiences, explain the importance of research in daily life, and describe characteristics, processes, and ethics of research.
- Research is important in daily life as it helps direct inquiries, empowers with knowledge, helps solve problems, and facilitates learning and public awareness.
- The characteristics of research include being empirical, logical, cyclical, analytical, critical, methodical, and replicable.
- The research process involves 7 steps: defining the topic, reviewing literature, planning methodology, gathering data, analyzing data, formulating conclusions
The document discusses writing a statement of the problem for a research proposal. It begins by defining research and explaining that the first step is to identify the research problem. It then provides guidelines for selecting a problem, such as choosing a topic of interest that is focused and feasible. The statement of the problem should describe an ideal situation, the current reality which differs from the ideal, and how the research could help address the problem. Examples of effective problem statements are also provided.
A Christian youth is expected to fulfill several responsibilities in school, including leading by positive example, upholding moral integrity, sharing their faith confidently, actively serving others, nurturing spiritual growth, and balancing responsibilities with purpose. Key duties are leading by example, maintaining moral integrity, sharing faith, serving others, growing spiritually, and balancing life goals. Christian youth should fulfill these roles through their actions, speech, and relationships.
Theoretical Background and Related Literature.pptxJessaBejer1
The document discusses the importance of the theoretical background section of a research paper. It explains that the theoretical background sets the foundation for a study by providing context about existing theories and knowledge in the field. It should include the components of a theoretical framework, which are the theories being used, a review of related literature, and studies related to those theories. The document provides guidance on how to identify and explain relevant theories, review related literature, and discuss related studies to support a theoretical framework.
This document discusses qualitative research, including its characteristics, strengths, and weaknesses. Some key points:
- Qualitative research relies on thick descriptions and interpretations from participants rather than numerical data. It focuses on gathering in-depth insights through methods like interviews and observations.
- Characteristics include being naturalistic, purposeful in participant selection, detailed in data collection, requiring researcher engagement and neutrality, following an inductive process, and taking a holistic perspective.
- Strengths are that it can provide complementary details to quantitative data, explain complex issues, and be more cost efficient due to smaller sample sizes. Weaknesses include inability to generalize findings and research being difficult to analyze and time consuming.
How to create Chapter One of Your Thesis 1.pptJessaBejer1
This document provides an overview of the key components that should be included in Chapter 1 of a thesis. Chapter 1 typically includes an introduction, background and setting, identification of the problem, purpose statement, research questions or objectives, assumptions, limitations, definition of terms, and significance of the study. Each section is described in detail to guide the writer in developing this important introductory chapter.
Application Software in Computer and Services.pptxJessaBejer1
This document discusses different types of application software. It begins by defining application software as software designed to perform specific tasks rather than operating system tasks. There are three main types of application software: desktop apps which run on computers and laptops, web apps which are accessed over a network, and mobile apps which run on smartphones and tablets.
Some examples of desktop apps include word processors, web browsers, games, media players, and gadgets. Word processors allow document creation, web browsers access the internet, games provide entertainment, media players handle audio and video, and gadgets offer small tools. Web apps can be accessed in a browser and include online email, Google Docs, and Facebook. Mobile apps run on mobile devices and
This document provides information about qualitative research, including:
1. It defines qualitative research and lists some common types like phenomenology, ethnography, grounded theory, case study, content/discourse analysis, and historical analysis.
2. It describes some key characteristics and uses of qualitative research, such as taking place in natural settings, focusing on participants' perspectives, and collecting data through interviews and documents.
3. It discusses the importance of qualitative research across different fields like education, technical communication, psychology, advertising, social work, marketing, and international business. Qualitative research helps understand experiences, communication, consumer preferences, and improve practices.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
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1. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information
• Research Tips
• RefWorks/EndNote
How To Write A Literature Review
2. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information
• A literature review
surveys scholarly articles, books and other sources
(e.g. dissertations, conference proceedings) relevant
to a particular issue, area of research, or theory.
provides a short description and critical evaluation of
work critical to the topic.
offers an overview of significant literature published
on a topic.
(Lyons, 2005)
Definition of a Literature Review
3. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information
1. For a review paper
2. For the introduction (and discussion) of a
research paper, masters thesis or dissertation
3. To embark on a new area of research
4. For a research proposal
(Burge, 2005)
Literature Reviews are Conducted For
Various Reasons:
4. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information
• Determine if proposed research is actually needed.
Even if similar research published, researchers might
suggest a need for similar studies or replication.
• Narrow down a problem.
It can be overwhelming getting into the literature of a field of
study. A literature review can help you understand where
you need to focus your efforts.
• Generate hypotheses or questions for further studies.
(Mauch & Birch, 2003)
Conducting a literature review
will help you:
5. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information
• Background knowledge of the field of inquiry
Facts
Eminent scholars
Parameters of the field
The most important ideas, theories, questions and
hypotheses.
• Knowledge of the methodologies common to the
field and a feeling for their usefulness and
appropriateness in various settings.
(Mauch & Birch, 2003)
Conducting a literature review
will give you:
6. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information
• Formulate a problem - which topic or field is being
examined and what are its component issues?
• Search the literature for materials relevant to the
subject being explored.
searching the literature involves reading and
refining your problem
• Evaluate the data - determine which literature makes a
significant contribution to the understanding of the topic
• Analyze and interpret - discuss the findings and
conclusions of pertinent literature
• Format and create bibliography
(Lyons, 2005)
Outline of Review Process
7. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information
Tips on Formulating a
Problem
• Select a topic you are interested in
You want to be fascinated throughout the process and less likely to
lose motivation.
• Choose a topic with a feasible focus.
Keep the focus clear and defined and it will be easier to complete
than something huge like "headaches“
• Get Help - get it early and often.
Solicit opinions before you begin, review drafts once start them
• You may want to start out with a general idea, review the
literature of that area, and then refine your problem based on
what you have found.
(Green, Johnson, & Adams, 2006)
8. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information
• The literature included can be any format
appropriate to your topic.
• Don’t restrict yourself to journal articles.
Look in books – you’ll need to know and cite the work of
major contributors to the field. A lot of this in books,
especially annual reviews
Important Information can be found in reports,
conference proceedings, and other non-journal sources.
Search government websites and associations related
to your topic.
• Look at library subject guides in your area to
find the key databases additional resources
The “Literature” in the Review
9. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information
Literature Search
• Perform a preliminary search of the literature.
Search lit to see what other work in the area of interest
has already been published.
− Gives a preview of the number of articles available on the topic.
− If your topic is already written about, select a slightly different topic
or modify the focus of the objective.
Recent journal issues in areas central to the topic may
provide leads to content that should be in the review.
− Consult Web of Science’s Journal Citation Index for an idea of the
most important journals in the field
Develop a list of subject headings that relate to themes
of interest
10. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information
Literature Search
Search across multiple databases and information
resources.
− It’s not adequate to use Medline as your one and only resource
Read the literature throughout the search process.
− What you read will guide your subsequent searches and refine
your topic.
Your search should help refine the topic and objective of
the overview being written.
11. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information
Think ahead
• The more one learns about a subject, the more
questions come to mind.
• Keep a list of questions and hypotheses that come to
your mind or that are mentioned in what you read.
These questions will help guide you when you are
constructing your review
The questions will also guide you in discussing the
implications of your own findings and the additional research
directions your work supports or suggests.
(Mauch & Birch, 2003)
12. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information
Save your references
• Keep a record of the literature you collect
• Record where and when you retrieved the information
• Use a citation manager program like RefWorks
or EndNote
• Better to record too many references than
have to return a few weeks or months hence
and spend hours trying to relocate documents
13. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information
Data Evaluation: Selecting literature
• Read widely
• When you read for your literature review, you are
actually doing two things at the same time:
1. Trying to define your research problem: finding a gap, asking a
question, continuing previous research, counter-claiming
2. Trying to read every source relevant to your research problem
• It is usually impossible to do the latter
− you will need to identify the most relevant and
significant works and focus on them.
(Asian Institute of Technology)
14. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information
Data Evaluation: Selecting Literature
• As you define your problem you will more easily be able
to decide what to read and what to ignore.
– Before you define your problem, hundreds of sources will seem
relevant.
– However, you cannot define your problem until you read around
your research area.
– This seems a vicious circle, but what should happen is that as
you read you define your problem, and as you define your
problem you will more easily be able to decide what to read and
what to ignore.
(Asian Institute of Technology)
15. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information
How To Read the Material
• Reading for the big picture
Read the easier works first
Skim the document and identify major concepts
After you have a broad understanding of the
10 to 15 papers, you can start to see
patterns:
− Groups of scientists argue or disagree with other groups.
For example, Some researchers think x causes y, others that
x is only a moderating variable
(Carroll, 2006)
16. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information
Narrow your focus
• Start from new material to old, general to specific
starting with general topic will provide leads to specific areas of interest and help
develop understanding for the interrelationships of research
Note quality of journal, output of author
• As you read and become more informed on the topic, you will
probably need to go back and do more focused searches
• Think, analyze, and weed out
• Arrange to spend some review time with an experienced researcher
in the field of study to get feedback and to talk through any
problems encountered
(Mauch & Birch, 1993)
17. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information
Read the Material Closer
• Step 1: read the abstract
Decide whether to read the article in detail
• Step 2: read introduction
It explains why the study is important
It provides review and evaluation of relevant literature
• Step 3: read Method with a close, critical eye
Focus on participants, measures, procedures
• Step 4: Evaluate results
Do the conclusions seem logical
Can you detect any bias on the part of the researcher?
• Step 5: Take discussion with a grain of salt
Edges are smoothed out
Pay attention to limitations
(Carroll, 2006)
18. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information
Analyze the Literature
• Take notes as you read through each paper that will be included in the
review
• In the notes include:
purpose of study reviewed
synopsis of content
research design or methods used in study
brief review of findings
• Once notes complete organize common themes together. Some people do
this in a word document, others use index cards so they can shuffle them.
• Some people construct a table of info to make it easier to organize their
thoughts.
• As you organize your review, integrate findings elicited from note taking or
table making process.
(Green, Johnson, & Adams, 2006)
19. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information
•What do we already know in the immediate area concerned?
•What are the characteristics of the key concepts or the main
factors or variables?
•What are the relationships between these key concepts, factors
or variables?
•What are the existing theories?
•Where are the inconsistencies or other shortcomings in our
knowledge and understanding?
•What views need to be (further) tested?
•What evidence is lacking, inconclusive, contradictory or too
limited?
•Why study (further) the research problem?
•What contribution can the present study be expected to make?
•What research designs or methods seem unsatisfactory?
(Asian Institute of Technology)
Questions To Consider In Your Review
20. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information
• In the introduction, explain why the topic is important and
give the reader an idea of where you are going in your paper.
• Group research studies and other types of literature
according to common denominators.
If you’ve taken notes before, the common themes are
more easily identifiable.
Some factors used to organize reviews are:
− Conclusions of authors
− Specific purpose
− Objective
− Chronology (this method will give the worst
impression, use only if it really makes sense to your
topic!)
(University of Wisconsin, 2006)
Construct the Literature Review
21. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information
•Summarize individual studies or articles
Use as much or as little detail as each merits according to its
comparative importance in the literature
Space (length) denotes significance.
Don’t need to provide a lot of detail about the procedures used in
other studies.
Most literature reviews only describe the main findings, relevant
methodological issues, and/or major conclusions of other research.
• Discuss major areas of agreement or disagreement
• Tie the study into the current body of lit, make logical
interpretations from the lit reviewed.
If there is no discussion of the relevance of the overview to other
work in the field, or if there is no interpretation of the literature, it
may signal the author has not thoroughly investigated the topic.
Construct The Literature Review
(University of Wisconsin, 2006)
22. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information
Introduction to the lit review
Content - what is covered
Structure - how it is organized
Boundaries - what is outside of its scope
Body of the Lit Review
SECTION 1
The most important topic or a key concept
discussed and evaluated
summarized and related to your research
project
Conclusion
From each of the section summaries,
highlight the most relevant points
relate these back to the need for research
reiterate what these mean for the research
design
Organization of the Review
SECTION 2
The next most important
topic or a key concept
discussed and evaluated
summarized and related
to your research project
ADDITIONAL SECTIONS
Follow the same pattern
(Golden-Biddle & Locke, 1997)
23. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information
• Places each work in the context of its contribution to the
understanding of the subject under review
• Describes the relationship of each work to the others under
consideration
• Identifies new ways to interpret, and shed light on any gaps
in, previous research
• Resolves conflicts amongst seemingly contradictory previous
studies
• Identifies areas of prior scholarship to prevent duplication of
effort
• Points the way forward for further research
• Places one's original work (in the case of theses or
dissertations) in the context of existing literature
(Lyons, 2005)
An Effective Literature Review
24. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information
Be accurate and thorough
• Your review acts as a guide of your topic for others.
• Take care to make your review:
Accurate: e.g., Citations correct, findings
attributed to authors correct.
− Make sure someone can track down
the article and that you have provided
a reliable representation
Complete: i.e., include all important papers
(not every paper written on the topic).
25. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information
Research Tips
• Use the A-Z guide to find key databases and other
resources related to your topic
• Consult with a librarian for resource
recommendations and how to use them.
• Talk to experienced researchers in the field, they can
recommend resources and identify key works and
authors
• Look at reviews in completed dissertations and
reports from your program to get an idea of the
format and requirements
• When collecting references, use a citation
management tool like RefWorks or EndNote
26. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information
Citation Management Tools
• Managing the references you find and use in your
review will take a significant amount of work
• Using a citation management tool like RefWorks or
EndNote will save you much time and effort
– Organize and store references
– Make in-text citations based on required style (ex. APA)
– Create a list of references based on required style
27. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information
• Free program (for BU affiliates) that collects and
formats the references used in scholarly writing.
You can save the references you plan to cite in
your review and ensure that they are automatically
formatted in the appropriate style: MLA, APA,
Chicago, hundreds more.
• Any member of the BU community (students, faculty,
staff) is eligible to register for free personal accounts: you
can sign up at http://www.bu.edu/library/refworks/.
• Web-based service
Access your account and work with your references
from any internet-capable computer around the
world.
RefWorks
28. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information
Collecting References With
RefWorks
• Once RefWorks has the data for a citation, it will create citations
and bibliographies for you
• Four ways to put references into RefWorks:
1. Import references from a database
PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Google Scholar, more
2. Import web pages from Ref-Grab-It bookmarklet downloaded from
RefWorks, scraps the screen for information.
Best used when the source itself exists only as a webpage
3. Search the library catalog or PubMed from within RefWorks
Best for books or when you have a list of citations
4. Manually create a reference by filling out a form
Good for websites, unusual references
For directions on how to work with references, see
http://medlib.bu.edu/tutorials/refWorks
29. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information
RefWorks Tutorials
• Basic RefWorks
http://www.refworks.com/tutorial/
http://medlib.bu.edu/tutorials/refWorks/
• BU and Medical Library specific tutorials:
Searching the BU Library (text, video)
Searching PubMed through Refworks (text, video)
Importing citations from PubMed (text, video)
Importing citations from Ovid Medline (text, video)
30. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information
EndNote
•Similar to RefWorks
Import citations, searches catalog and PubMed
from within the program
Has feature (“cite while you write”) that inserts in-text
into your word document
•Distinctions from RefWorks
Not free
− Buy at discounted student rate
Not web-based
Has more output styles than RefWorks (2 times as many)
Easier to create custom output styles
“Cite while you write” easier to work with than
Ref Work’s Write-N-Cite
31. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information
Other Citation Management Tools
• Zotero
Free Firefox extension
• Connotea
Open source, aimed at scientists.
Works with DOI
Encourages tagging
•Papers
For Macs
32. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information
References for this module
• Asian Institute of Technology. Writing up research: Using the literature. Retrieved 1/22/2009,
2009, from http://www.languages.ait.ac.th/EL21LIT.HTM
• Burge, C., 7.16 Experimental Molecular Biology: Biotechnology II, Spring 2005.
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology: MIT OpenCouseWare), Retrieved 12/15/2008, from
http://ocw.mit.edu. License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA
• Carrol, J., 15.301 Managerial Psychology, Fall 2006. (Massachusetts Institute of
Technology: MIT OpenCouseWare). Retrieved 12/15/2008, from http://ocw.mit.edu. License:
Creative Commons BY-NC-SA
• Golden-Biddle, K, & Locke, K (1997). Composing Qualitative Research. Thousand Oaks,
CA: Sage.
• Green, B. N., Johnson, C. D., & Adams, A. (2006). Writing narrative literature reviews for
peer-reviewed journals: Secrets of the trade. Journal of Chiropractic Medicine, 5(3), 101-
117.
• Lyons, K. (2005). UCSC library - how to write a literature review. Retrieved 1/22/2009, 2009,
from http://library.ucsc.edu/ref/howto/literaturereview.html
• Mauch, J. E., & Birch, J. W. (1993). Guide to the successful thesis and dissertation : A
handbook for students and faculty (3rd , rev. and expand ed.). New York: Marcel Dekker.
• University of Wisconsin. (2006). UW-madison writing center writer's handbook. Retrieved
1/22/2009, 2009, from http://www.wisc.edu/writing/Handbook/ReviewofLiterature.html