Rrjetat, hubet , switchet, ruterat, praktike albtelekom
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0045-cours-reseaux-transmission-sans-fil (2).pptx
Un réseau sans fils (en anglais wireless network) est, comme son nom l'indique, un réseau dans lequel au moins deux terminaux peuvent communiquer sans liaison filaire. Grâce aux réseaux sans fils, un utilisateur a la possibilité de rester connecté tout en se déplaçant dans un périmètre géographique plus ou moins étendu, c'est la raison pour laquelle on entend parfois parler de "mobilité".
Les réseaux sans fils sont basés sur une liaison utilisant des ondes radio- électriques (radio et infrarouges) en lieu et place des câbles habituels. Il existe plusieurs technologies se distinguant d'une part par la fréquence d'émission utilisée ainsi que le débit et la portée des transmissions.
Les réseaux sans fils permettent de relier très facilement des équipements distants d'une dizaine de mètres à quelques kilomètres. De plus l'installation de tels réseaux ne demande pas de lourds aménagements des infrastructures existantes
En contrepartie se pose deux problèmes:
La réglementation relative aux transmissions radio-électriques.
De plus les ondes hertziennes sont difficiles à confiner dans une surface géographique restreinte, il est donc facile pour un pirate d'écouter le réseau si les informations circulent en clair (c'est le cas par défaut).
5G wireless technology and internet of things
The document discusses the evolution of wireless technologies from 1G to 5G. It describes the key concepts, architecture, hardware, software and features of 5G. 5G is expected to offer speeds up to 1 Gbps, be more reliable than 4G, and have lower costs than previous generations. It will allow for real wireless connectivity without limitations and support applications like wearable devices, virtual reality, and the Internet of Things.
Wireless Fidelity (WiFi)
Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) is a generic term owned by "WiFi Alliance" which refers to any Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) based on IEEE 802.11 standard.
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Introduction to Network Function Virtualization (NFV)
Class lecture by Prof. Raj Jain on Introduction to Network Function Virtualization (NFV). The talk covers Four Innovations of NFV, Network Function Virtualization, NFV, Why We need NFV?, NFV and SDN Relationship, Mobile Network Functions, ETSI NFV ISG, NFV Specifications, NFV Architecture, NFV Concepts, Network Forwarding Graph, NFV Reference Points, NFV Framework Requirements, NFV Use Cases, NFV Proof of Concepts, PoCs, ETSI ISG Timeline, Introduction to, Four Innovations of NFV, Network Function Virtualization, NFV, Why We need NFV?, NFV and SDN Relationship, Mobile Network Functions, ETSI NFV ISG, NFV Specifications, NFV Architecture, NFV Concepts, Network Forwarding Graph, NFV Reference Points, NFV Framework Requirements, NFV Use Cases, NFV Proof of Concepts, PoCs, ETSI ISG Timeline. Video recording available in YouTube.
basic networking
The document provides an overview of basic networking hardware and concepts. It defines a local area network (LAN) and discusses common LAN topologies like bus, star, and ring. It also describes common networking hardware such as hubs, switches, bridges, routers, and network interface cards. The document outlines different network media including copper, fiber optic, and wireless technologies. It provides examples of how home and business networks can be implemented using these concepts and technologies.
Introduction to Software Defined Networking (SDN)
Here are the key steps:
1. Kill any existing controllers running on the system
2. Clear out any existing Mininet topology using mn -c
3. Start the Ryu OpenFlow controller by running:
ryu-manager --verbose ./simple_switch_13.py
This starts the Ryu controller with the simple_switch_13.py application, which provides basic OpenFlow switch functionality. The --verbose flag prints debug information from the controller. We have now initialized the SDN environment with Ryu acting as the controller.
Software Defined WAN – SD-WAN
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Computer Networks
A computer network connects a group of computers. Networks can be classified in several ways including by scale, connection method, functional relationship, topology, protocols used, and more. Common network types include personal area networks (PANs), local area networks (LANs), campus area networks (CANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs). Larger global networks include global area networks (GANs) and internetworks like the Internet.
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0045-cours-reseaux-transmission-sans-fil (2).pptx
Un réseau sans fils (en anglais wireless network) est, comme son nom l'indique, un réseau dans lequel au moins deux terminaux peuvent communiquer sans liaison filaire. Grâce aux réseaux sans fils, un utilisateur a la possibilité de rester connecté tout en se déplaçant dans un périmètre géographique plus ou moins étendu, c'est la raison pour laquelle on entend parfois parler de "mobilité".
Les réseaux sans fils sont basés sur une liaison utilisant des ondes radio- électriques (radio et infrarouges) en lieu et place des câbles habituels. Il existe plusieurs technologies se distinguant d'une part par la fréquence d'émission utilisée ainsi que le débit et la portée des transmissions.
Les réseaux sans fils permettent de relier très facilement des équipements distants d'une dizaine de mètres à quelques kilomètres. De plus l'installation de tels réseaux ne demande pas de lourds aménagements des infrastructures existantes
En contrepartie se pose deux problèmes:
La réglementation relative aux transmissions radio-électriques.
De plus les ondes hertziennes sont difficiles à confiner dans une surface géographique restreinte, il est donc facile pour un pirate d'écouter le réseau si les informations circulent en clair (c'est le cas par défaut).
5G wireless technology and internet of things
The document discusses the evolution of wireless technologies from 1G to 5G. It describes the key concepts, architecture, hardware, software and features of 5G. 5G is expected to offer speeds up to 1 Gbps, be more reliable than 4G, and have lower costs than previous generations. It will allow for real wireless connectivity without limitations and support applications like wearable devices, virtual reality, and the Internet of Things.
Wireless Fidelity (WiFi)
Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) is a generic term owned by "WiFi Alliance" which refers to any Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) based on IEEE 802.11 standard.
This presentation is prepared as reference of "E-Commerce Infrastructure" for BBA 6th Semester Students of Prime College. Document includes general introduction of WiFi Technology, WiFi Specification, advantages of WiFi and so on. Resources from various portals and slides from other authors has been used as reference.
Introduction to Network Function Virtualization (NFV)
Class lecture by Prof. Raj Jain on Introduction to Network Function Virtualization (NFV). The talk covers Four Innovations of NFV, Network Function Virtualization, NFV, Why We need NFV?, NFV and SDN Relationship, Mobile Network Functions, ETSI NFV ISG, NFV Specifications, NFV Architecture, NFV Concepts, Network Forwarding Graph, NFV Reference Points, NFV Framework Requirements, NFV Use Cases, NFV Proof of Concepts, PoCs, ETSI ISG Timeline, Introduction to, Four Innovations of NFV, Network Function Virtualization, NFV, Why We need NFV?, NFV and SDN Relationship, Mobile Network Functions, ETSI NFV ISG, NFV Specifications, NFV Architecture, NFV Concepts, Network Forwarding Graph, NFV Reference Points, NFV Framework Requirements, NFV Use Cases, NFV Proof of Concepts, PoCs, ETSI ISG Timeline. Video recording available in YouTube.
basic networking
The document provides an overview of basic networking hardware and concepts. It defines a local area network (LAN) and discusses common LAN topologies like bus, star, and ring. It also describes common networking hardware such as hubs, switches, bridges, routers, and network interface cards. The document outlines different network media including copper, fiber optic, and wireless technologies. It provides examples of how home and business networks can be implemented using these concepts and technologies.
Introduction to Software Defined Networking (SDN)
Here are the key steps:
1. Kill any existing controllers running on the system
2. Clear out any existing Mininet topology using mn -c
3. Start the Ryu OpenFlow controller by running:
ryu-manager --verbose ./simple_switch_13.py
This starts the Ryu controller with the simple_switch_13.py application, which provides basic OpenFlow switch functionality. The --verbose flag prints debug information from the controller. We have now initialized the SDN environment with Ryu acting as the controller.
Software Defined WAN – SD-WAN
NetScaler SD-WAN provides software-defined wide area networking and cloud access capabilities that are secure, reliable and ensure high application quality. It offers various editions with standard features including bonding multiple WAN circuits into a single logical circuit, monitoring link conditions, and delivering applications over the best circuit. The product provides centralized configuration and management without requiring branch configurations.
Computer Networks
A computer network connects a group of computers. Networks can be classified in several ways including by scale, connection method, functional relationship, topology, protocols used, and more. Common network types include personal area networks (PANs), local area networks (LANs), campus area networks (CANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs). Larger global networks include global area networks (GANs) and internetworks like the Internet.
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Wifi Technology
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- What a NIC is and its purpose of connecting a computer to a network and allowing communication. NICs come in wired and wireless varieties.
- The need for NICs to accommodate differences in processing speeds between computers and networks. NICs handle transmission and reception without requiring constant CPU processing.
- What a hub is and its purpose of connecting multiple devices on a network. Hubs operate at the physical layer and repeat signals to all ports, creating a single collision and broadcast domain.
- The different types of hubs including passive hubs that simply pass signals, active hubs that
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Routers.ppt
Routers connect different computer networks and forward data packets between them by reading the address information in each packet to determine the ultimate destination. A router contains a routing table with information about connected networks and uses this to determine the best path for packets to travel through multiple networks to reach their destination. There are two main types of routers: core routers connect different cities while edge routers connect users and hosts to networks.
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Networking devices like repeaters, hubs, bridges, routers, switches, and gateways are used to connect nodes and networks. Repeaters extend network distance by boosting signals. Hubs connect workstations into a LAN by resending data frames to all ports. Bridges are more intelligent repeaters that examine MAC addresses to form tables. Routers operate at the network layer, can connect similar and dissimilar networks, and determine the shortest route between destinations. Switches form dedicated connections between ports like bridges but have multiple ports. Gateways link all seven layers of the OSI model when networks differ at any layer, primarily handling email protocols.
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A hub is a networking device that connects multiple computers to a single network using Ethernet, Firewire, or USB connections. It operates at the physical layer of the OSI model and broadcasts all incoming data to all ports, which can cause collisions. A switch is a networking device that connects network segments and operates at the data link layer. It stores MAC addresses in a lookup table to route data only to necessary ports, preventing collisions. Switches allow full duplex communication and the implementation of features like VLANs, spanning trees, and more advanced routing capabilities compared to hubs.
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WiFi stands for Wireless Fidelity. WiFiIt is based on the IEEE 802.11 family of standards and is primarily a local area networking (LAN) technology designed to provide in-building broadband coverage.
Current WiFi systems support a peak physical-layer data rate of 54 Mbps and typically provide indoor coverage over a distance of 100 feet.
WiFi has become the de facto standard for last mile broadband connectivity in homes, offices, and public hotspot locations. Systems can typically provide a coverage range of only about 1,000 feet from the access point.
Ports and protocols
Port numbers are used to identify protocols and applications using the TCP/IP protocol suite. Some common port numbers and their associated protocols include port 80 for HTTP, port 443 for HTTPS, port 25 for SMTP email, and port 53 for DNS. Port numbers help direct network traffic to the appropriate application or service.
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Ccna
The document provides information about the CCNA certification course. It discusses that CCNA is a popular certification course developed by Cisco that certifies skills in network fundamentals, networking concepts, security, automation and more. It can help candidates get jobs as network administrators, engineers, and other networking roles. The document outlines the topics covered in the CCNA course and lists the most common employers of CCNA certified professionals.
Routers and Routing Configuration
Router is a networking device that connects different networks and selects the best path to forward packets between them. It operates at the network layer of the OSI model. Cisco is the leading router manufacturer, making 70% of the market. Routers come in different sizes for different uses - access routers for small networks, distribution routers for ISPs, and core routers for backbone networks. Static routing requires manually configuring routes, while dynamic routing uses protocols to share route information between routers automatically.
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This document provides an introduction to networking and wireless networking infrastructure. It discusses key components needed for networking including network interface cards, cables, hubs, switches, access points, routers, modems, and internet service providers. It also describes common network types like LAN, MAN, and WAN. Wireless networking using WiFi technology is explained, along with wireless connection techniques and potential issues like slower speeds with more users. Common wireless networking hardware is also outlined.
ccna networking ppt
it contains devices used in networking, companies manufactures of networking devices, routing protocols, etc ..
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Zigbee is a wireless networking standard that uses low power digital radio signals to connect devices together wirelessly. It operates in the 2.4GHz, 915MHz, and 868MHz frequency bands. Zigbee networks can include full-function devices, reduced-function devices, and coordinators that route data. Devices communicate using the CSMA-CA channel access method to check for clear channels before transmitting data. Zigbee provides low power consumption, low data rates, and high security making it suitable for applications like home automation and sensor networks.
NIC AND HUB CONNECTING DEVICES
The document discusses network interface cards (NICs) and hubs. It provides details on:
- What a NIC is and its purpose of connecting a computer to a network and allowing communication. NICs come in wired and wireless varieties.
- The need for NICs to accommodate differences in processing speeds between computers and networks. NICs handle transmission and reception without requiring constant CPU processing.
- What a hub is and its purpose of connecting multiple devices on a network. Hubs operate at the physical layer and repeat signals to all ports, creating a single collision and broadcast domain.
- The different types of hubs including passive hubs that simply pass signals, active hubs that
network monitoring system ppt
This document describes a network monitoring system. It begins with basic terminology related to network monitoring tools and protocols like SNMP and WinPcap. It then discusses why network monitoring is needed and current research progress. The document outlines the system design, including UML diagrams, and tools and protocols used. It provides details on implementation modules like the network browser and traffic monitoring. Finally, it discusses testing and future enhancements.
Aruba presentation solutions overview - v1
Aruba Networks is a leading provider of wireless and wired networking solutions for businesses. Its Mobile Virtual Enterprise architecture unifies wired and wireless networks. Aruba offers a comprehensive product portfolio including wireless access points, mobility controllers, switches, and ClearPass access management. Its solutions help retailers enhance the customer experience through in-store WiFi and enable simplified PCI compliance.
Routers.ppt
Routers connect different computer networks and forward data packets between them by reading the address information in each packet to determine the ultimate destination. A router contains a routing table with information about connected networks and uses this to determine the best path for packets to travel through multiple networks to reach their destination. There are two main types of routers: core routers connect different cities while edge routers connect users and hosts to networks.
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Networking devices like repeaters, hubs, bridges, routers, switches, and gateways are used to connect nodes and networks. Repeaters extend network distance by boosting signals. Hubs connect workstations into a LAN by resending data frames to all ports. Bridges are more intelligent repeaters that examine MAC addresses to form tables. Routers operate at the network layer, can connect similar and dissimilar networks, and determine the shortest route between destinations. Switches form dedicated connections between ports like bridges but have multiple ports. Gateways link all seven layers of the OSI model when networks differ at any layer, primarily handling email protocols.
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Functions and Devices of Physical layer of ISO-OSI model.
Functions of all the layers in brief and simple ways to remember all in order.
Hub vs-switch
A hub is a networking device that connects multiple computers to a single network using Ethernet, Firewire, or USB connections. It operates at the physical layer of the OSI model and broadcasts all incoming data to all ports, which can cause collisions. A switch is a networking device that connects network segments and operates at the data link layer. It stores MAC addresses in a lookup table to route data only to necessary ports, preventing collisions. Switches allow full duplex communication and the implementation of features like VLANs, spanning trees, and more advanced routing capabilities compared to hubs.
Network function virtualization
Network functions virtualization (NFV) is a network architecture concept that uses the technologies of IT virtualization to virtualized entire classes of network node functions into building blocks that may connect, or chain together, to create communication services.
Wi fi / Wireless Fidelity
WiFi stands for Wireless Fidelity. WiFiIt is based on the IEEE 802.11 family of standards and is primarily a local area networking (LAN) technology designed to provide in-building broadband coverage.
Current WiFi systems support a peak physical-layer data rate of 54 Mbps and typically provide indoor coverage over a distance of 100 feet.
WiFi has become the de facto standard for last mile broadband connectivity in homes, offices, and public hotspot locations. Systems can typically provide a coverage range of only about 1,000 feet from the access point.
Ports and protocols
Port numbers are used to identify protocols and applications using the TCP/IP protocol suite. Some common port numbers and their associated protocols include port 80 for HTTP, port 443 for HTTPS, port 25 for SMTP email, and port 53 for DNS. Port numbers help direct network traffic to the appropriate application or service.
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The document provides information about the CCNA certification course. It discusses that CCNA is a popular certification course developed by Cisco that certifies skills in network fundamentals, networking concepts, security, automation and more. It can help candidates get jobs as network administrators, engineers, and other networking roles. The document outlines the topics covered in the CCNA course and lists the most common employers of CCNA certified professionals.
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Router is a networking device that connects different networks and selects the best path to forward packets between them. It operates at the network layer of the OSI model. Cisco is the leading router manufacturer, making 70% of the market. Routers come in different sizes for different uses - access routers for small networks, distribution routers for ISPs, and core routers for backbone networks. Static routing requires manually configuring routes, while dynamic routing uses protocols to share route information between routers automatically.
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Praktika kompjuterike- Nderim Rahmani
Skripte per lenden e mesimit praktik
Temat qe perfshihen:
Mirembajtja e sistemit kompjuterik
Rrjetat kompjuterike dhe
Bazat e te dhenave
arkitektura,atributi,bazat e te dhenave,bios,disku,entiteti,forma e pare normale,ip adresa,kesh memorja,kompjuteri,pllaka ame,procesori,relacione,rrjetat kompjuterike,sql,tabela
Njesia Qendrore (Pjeset Perberese) , Lenda : Tik
Njesia Qendrore , Kasa , MotherBoard , Procesori , Ram , HDD , Graphic Cards , CD/DVD , Network Interface Card.
Chapter 3 Motherboard and BIOS
The motherboard is the main circuit board in a computer that connects all the other components together. It contains the CPU, memory, ports, and expansion slots. Chipsets on the motherboard manage communication between the CPU and other components. The BIOS stored on a ROM chip controls startup and allows the computer to communicate with devices. The CMOS stores hardware configuration settings and needs a battery to retain data when powered off.
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CCNA exploration
Pergatituni per provimin Cisco Certified Networking Associate (CCNA) duke ndjekur kurse trajnimi me permbajtje te pergatitur nga Cisco, te zhvilluar nga instruktore me pervoje dhe praktika ne pajisje reale.
Rrjeta kompjuterike - Modeli Hibrid
Modelet e shtresimit të OSI dhe TCP / IP janë dy
modele , që përdoren praktikisht në realitet keto
dy modele krijojn një model hibrid të shtresimit, i
cili shfrytëzon aspektet më të mira të dy këtyre
modeleve.
Ky model ka pesë shtresa, që rrjedhin nga shtresa
fizike deri në lidhjen, rrjetin dhe shtresat e
transportit në shtresën e aplikimit.
Të gjitha shtresat janë të ngjashme me modelin e
shtresimit të TCP / IP, përveç se shtresa e ulët e
"Host-në-Rrjet" e modelit TCP / IP është
zëvendësuar me shtresën Datalink dhe shtresën
Fizike të modelit të shtresimit OSI
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Rrjeta kompjuterike leksion 7 tcp-ip dhe interneti
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Rrjetat, hubet , switchet, ruterat, praktike albtelekom
- 1. Universiteti Politeknik i Tiranës Praktikë ALBtelecom & Eagle Mobile Praktikanti: Kristian Qarri
- 2. Qëllimi i praktikës: •Marrja e njohurive bazë mbi rrjetat •Funksionet e elementë bazë të rrjetave: Ruterat, Hubet, switchet •Ndërtimi i Vlan-eve •Funksionimi i “Packed tracer”
- 3. Rrjetat • Rrjet quhet një grup makinash që shkëmbejnë informacion mes tyre • PAN, LAN, MAN, WAN
- 4. Rrjetat … Klasifikimi sipas mënyrës së funksionimit Klient-Server vs peer-to-peer
- 5. Rrjetat … Modelet reference 1.Osi - 7 shtresa - Model i përdorshëm - protokolle jo të përdorshme 2. TCP/IP - 5 shtresa - Model jo i përdorshëm - Protokolle të përdorshme
- 6. Rrjetat … Modelet reference 1.Osi - 7 shtresa - Model i përdorshëm - protokolle jo të përdorshme 2. TCP/IP - 5 shtresa - Model jo i përdorshëm - Protokolle të përdorshme
- 7. Rrjetat …
- 8. Ruterat, Hubet, Switchet Ruterat shërbejnë për të lidhur rrjeta Switchet shërbejne për adresim në bazë IP Hubet ose “repeaters” shërbejnë për të lidhur fizikisht rrjetat
- 10. Ruterat, Hubet, Switchet …
- 11. Vlan-et Vlan quhet një grup pajisjesh fundore me karakteristika të ngjashme dhe të pavaruarura nga vendodhja fizike
- 13. Packed tracer Është një program që shërben për simulimin e rrjetave
- 14. Packed tracer – Ndërtimi i VLAN
- 15. Përfundime • Mora njohuri mbi funksionimin e rrjetave dhe pajisjeve bazë të tyre. • Kuptova mënyrën e funksionimit dhe ndërtimit të VLAN-eve. • U aftësova në përdorimin e simulatorit të rrjetave “packed tracer” .
- 16. Faleminderit !