Round Table on IP & Access to Medicines
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1) The document discusses balancing access to medicines with innovation, noting that one size may not fit all situations given contingencies in therapeutic markets. 2) It presents perspectives from Adam Smith, Muhammad Yunus, and Hart & Zingales on firms and entrepreneurs having non-profit motives and needing to consider social dimensions. 3) Alternative approaches to patents are discussed, such as priority review vouchers, advance market commitments, and innovation prizes, as well as the roles of venture capital and complementary health infrastructure. 4) The document concludes by framing the issue as responsible firms needing to converge with responsible social planners to find welfare-maximizing solutions, as depicted in a two-by-two matrix
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The research article discusses how understanding mindset kinetics can help managers make better decisions, especially in difficult situations. It reviews literature showing that emotional intelligence and psychological skills are important factors in around 70% of business success. Understanding concepts like stress responses, decision-making speeds, and balancing thinking can provide managers strategic tools. The document concludes that knowledge of mindset kinetics and applying related theories can improve business performance and resilience during challenges.GREEN MARKETING
Green Marketing incorporates greening products and greening firms. The increasing exposure of global market products and environmental issues like global warming, impact of environmental pollution in turn has raised the green sensitivity of consumers for being eco-friendly and green marketing oriented. However in recent past green consumerism also has been gaining its lime light, Green consumerism has started playing a substance role in ushering corporate environmentalism and constructing business firms green marketing oriented. However, this is not widespread and is still evolving.
THE THREE P’S OF GREEN MARKETING - PEOPLE, PLANT AND PROFIT
At present in the Global Competition the organizations are showing greater interest towards Sustainable or “Green” marketing strategies. Sustainable or Green Marketing strategies is attributable to consumer sensitivity to environmental issues brought a bout by rising fuel prices, evidence of extensive ecological changes, and the tacit assumption that current consumption patterns place the planet’s prolonged existence at risk. Traditional Green Marketing Strategies research investigates how industrial activities affect three key factors: The planet, people, and profits. Research has also found that consumers claim to be willing to pay more for sustainable goods and services and however green product failures abound in the marketplace. Research has found contradictory effects for demographic and psychographic variables on environmentally
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Asm.ms. luisetto m. mindset kinetics in management and business world. ann so...
Asm.ms. luisetto m. mindset kinetics in management and business world. ann so...M. Luisetto Pharm.D.Spec. Pharmacology
This review article discusses the role that mindset kinetics plays in management and business decision-making. It explores how a deep understanding of mindset kinetics can help managers make better decisions, especially in difficult or high-stress situations. The article reviews literature on topics like emotional intelligence, communication skills, stress management, and decision-making approaches that are influenced by an individual's mindset and psychology. It argues that developing skills like self-awareness, problem-solving, and flexibility can improve management abilities and help organizations adapt to changing business environments.Subject Module - Elective CIAKL II - Class 06
Subject Module - Elective CIAKL II - Class 06CIAKL II - Cinema and industry alliance for knowledge and learning
The document discusses various techniques for analysing opportunities in entrepreneurship and new markets, including PESTEL, SWOT, and identifying market players. PESTEL analysis involves examining the political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal factors affecting a market. SWOT analysis identifies the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats related to a business idea or project. Together these techniques help entrepreneurs understand the market landscape and develop strategic plans by taking macro and micro factors into account.Presentation1
This document discusses environmental ethics and different approaches to valuing the natural environment. It presents three general ethical approaches that have emerged over the last 40 years: libertarian extension, the ecologic extension, and conservation ethics. It also discusses anthropocentrism, biocentrism, and ecocentrism as different perspectives on human interactions with the environment.
Marketing research
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2. Ethical principles for advertising include respecting truthfulness, not exploiting human weaknesses for profit, and respecting social responsibilities regarding issues like the environment and materialism.
3. The benefits of advertising include communication, raising standards of living, and product differentiation, but it also faces ethical pitfalls if it misleads consumers or fails to tell the whole truth regarding products.
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Deconstructing: Stakeholder Capitalism.pdf
This document provides an overview of stakeholder capitalism, including its history, key concepts, and criticisms. It discusses how stakeholder capitalism emerged as a business philosophy that considers all stakeholders impacted by a company. The document outlines the six tenets of stakeholder capitalism put forth by Dr. Freeman, including stakeholder cooperation and engagement. It also notes criticisms of stakeholder capitalism, such as claims that it is used as public relations without reflecting companies' actual priorities or actions.
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THE THREE P’S OF GREEN MARKETING - PEOPLE, PLANT AND PROFIT
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Asm.ms. luisetto m. mindset kinetics in management and business world. ann so...
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EUODA and Early Stage Venture Capital Investment in Biopharmaceutical Industry
1) The study finds that the EU Orphan Drug Act (EUODA) increased early stage venture capital investments in biopharmaceutical subfields by 3-5% relative to control subfields, translating to about 2000 new early-stage investments.
2) EUODA also had regulatory spillover effects, helping US venture capitalists more than EU venture capitalists and increasing cross-border venture investing.
3) While EUODA lowered syndication activity for early stage investments, it did not decrease the average amount raised per investment round.
4) EUODA improved exit performance for treated firms, resulting in more initial public offerings than acquisitions and no significant effect on bankruptcies.
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This document discusses the concept of innovationism. It defines innovation as the introduction of new goods, improved production methods, new markets, new supply sources, or better organization as defined by economist Joseph Schumpeter. It explores who innovates, including the public and private sectors, large firms and entrepreneurs, individuals and teams. Models of innovation discussed include the linear model, the relationship between firm size and innovation, Pasteur's Quadrant, democratizing innovation, and the location of innovation. The document also addresses innovationism for organizations through tools like innovation audits and metrics, and platforms to incentivize innovation. It wraps up with a discussion of responsible innovationism and the economic history of innovation.
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The document discusses the concept of disruption in business. It defines disruption as a theory of business failure caused by new entrants or technologies. Disruption can occur through lower-cost business models or new markets. The document notes that disruption is closely related to industry evolution. It provides examples of how core competencies, competitive advantages, and organizational forms are changing for businesses facing disruption. Finally, it raises questions about how incumbent firms should respond to disruption and the challenges they may face.
The Economics of China
China has experienced rapid economic growth over recent decades, transitioning from a largely agricultural economy to an industrial and commercial powerhouse. However, this growth has also created new challenges for China relating to inequality, environmental degradation, and regional economic disparities. As China's economy continues to evolve, it remains to be seen whether the country can manage these issues and maintain economic momentum, or if weaknesses could potentially constrain future growth.
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1) The document discusses various international trade models including absolute advantage, comparative advantage, and the Heckscher-Ohlin model.
2) It examines the Heckscher-Ohlin model in depth, outlining its key ideas including the Stolper-Samuelson theorem, Rybczynski theorem, and factor price equalization.
3) The Heckscher-Ohlin model predicts that countries will export goods that intensively use their abundant factors of production and import goods that intensively use their scarce factors.
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Round Table on IP & Access to Medicines
- 1. IP & Access to Medicines Round Table, EPIP 2017, Bordeaux Chirantan Chatterjee (Chair), Indian School of Business Panelists: Margaret Kyle (MINES ParisTech) & Ellen ‘t Hoen (U-Groningen)
- 2. How to handle the Teslas & Marconis of Medicines?
- 3. Let’s Start With A Lagniappe on Firms/Entrepreneurs.. “How selfish soever man may be supposed, there are evidently some principles in his nature, which interest him in the fortune of others….” Adam Smith (1759), The Theory of Moral Sentiments (p. 1) “I am in favor of strengthening the freedom of the market. At the same time, I am very unhappy about the conceptual restrictions imposed on the players in the market. This originates from the assumption that entrepreneurs are one-dimensional human beings, who are dedicated to one mission in their business lives – to maximize profit. This interpretation of capitalism insulates the entrepreneurs from all political, emotional, social, spiritual, environmental, dimensions of their lives. This was done perhaps as a reasonable simplification, but it stripped away the very essentials of human life.” Muhammad Yunus (2006), Nobel Lecture “What is the appropriate objective function for a firm? We analyze this question for the case where shareholders are prosocial and externalities are not perfectly separable from production decisions. We argue that maximization of shareholder welfare is not the same as maximization of market value. We propose that company and asset managers should pursue policies consistent with the preferences of their investors. Voting by shareholders on corporate policy is one way to achieve this. “ Hart & Zingales (2017)
- 4. Access versus Innovation in Global Medicines
- 5. One Size May Not Fit All 1/2
- 6. One Size May Not Fit All 2/2 • Firms & Social Planner Need Nuanced Appreciation of Therapeutic Market Contingencies • For example: In Antibiotics Innovation –> Cross Molecular Resistance –> may necessitate Strong IPR (Eswaran & Gallini 2017), may not be the norm in other innovation • Generic Penetration is Reducing Early Stage Pharmaceutical Innovation & Changing the Direction of Innovative Activity (Branstetter, Chatterjee, Higgins 2017) but not in all therapeutic markets. • Heterogeneity in Innovator Tastes & Preferences & Hybrid Organizational Models
- 7. One Size May Not Fit All 2/2
- 8. One Size May Not Fit All 2/2 • Are Patents the Only way Forward? • Priority review vouchers (Grabowski, Ridley, & Moe 2009) & Advanced Market Commitments in Vaccines (Berndt, Glennerster, Kremer, Lee, Levine, Weizsäcker, & Williams 2007) • Innovation Prizes (Khan 2008 and others) & Entrepreneurial Activity, The Role of Venture Capital, Complementary Regulation (Kortum & Lerner 2001) • Weak Patents & Weak Complementary Health Infrastructure? (Chatterjee, Inoue, McGahan, 2017) • Price Controls may deter entry resulting in • Unintended consequences & Perverse welfare effects (Kyle & McGahan 2012, Bhaskarabhatla et.al 2017) • Responsible firms need to converge w/Responsible Social Planner
- 9. Wrap-Up w/a Two-by-Two Global And Local Welfare Consequences Responsible Less than Responsible Responsible {DP + Patents} {DP + Infringement/CL/PI} Less than Responsible {MP + Infringement/CL/PI} {MP + Patents} FIRMS SOCIAL PLANNER