Root canal anatomy and configuration project mandibular teeth [autosaved]

http://rootcanalanatomy.blogspot.com
Mandibular Teeth
Dr.Abdelazim Mohamed Badreldin
G.V.Black dental center- khartoum –Sudan
Feb.16- 2012

Dental anatomy is the only fact in dentistry
will not change
If you have a good knowledge in dental
anatomy you can do many procedures in den
azma
azmadent@hotmail.cm
Dr.Abdalazim Badraldin
Sudanese Dental Center
Khartoum-Sudan
January2019

Mandibular Central Incisors
 The mandibular central incisor is single-rooted
 The external form of the root is broad labiolingually
and narrow mesiodistally.
 The overall average length is 21.5 mm with an average
crown length of 9 mm and an average root length of 12.5 mm
 Longitudinal depressions are present on both the
mesial and the distal surfaces of the root.
 Cross-section of the root is ovoid in shape due
to the developmental depressions on each side .
Sudanese Dental Cente

 The canal system is either ovoid or ribbon shaped.
 All the anatomical studies found the majority of mandibular central
incisors have a single canal 73.6% …26% two canals…rare 0,4% three canals
 when two separate canals have been found, the majority of these canals
will join and exit in a single foramen ( Vertucci type II ).
 Approximately 12% of the mandibular
incisors have lateral accessory canal .
Ingle -Endodontics 6

Access Cavity Preparation

Errors Access Cavity Preparation

 The mandibular lateral incisor is single-rooted.
 The external form of the root is broad
labiolingually and narrow mesiodistally.
 Longitudinal depressions are present on both
the mesial and the distal midroot
surfaces of the root.
 The cross section of the root is ovoid
or in shape due to the developmental
depressions on each side.
 The overall length of the average is 23.5 mm
with an average crown length of 9.5 mm and
an average root length of 14 mm.
Mandibular Lateral Incisors

 The canal system is either round or ribbon in shaped.
 All of the anatomical studies reported found that the majority
of mandibular lateral incisors have a single canal 71.8….28.1 %
two canals…o.1% three canals
 When two separate canals have been found, the majority of
the canals will join and exit through a single foramen

Errors Access Cavity Preparation

From Vertucci FJ, Haddix JE. Tooth morphology and access cavity preparation. In: Hargreaves KW, Cohen S. Cohen’s pathways of pulp. 10th ed. Mosby Elsevier, 2011. 1026 p.
• Dr.Abdalazim Badraldin
• Sudanese Dental Cente

Mandibular Canine
 Mandibular canine is a single-rooted tooth.
 Root cross-section is wider labiolingually
and narrower mesiodistally.
 Developmental depressions are normally
present on both the mesial and the distal
surfaces of the root.the depressions can
be relatively deep.
 The overall average length of the mandibular canine
is 27 mm with an average crown length of 11 mm and
an average root length of 16 mm.

Mandibular Canine
 The mandibular canine usually presents with a single root
canal system.
 The incidence of a single canal is 89.4%. In the
single-canal system, 96.9% have a single apical
foramen. Therefore, when two canals are
present in a single-rooted mandibular canine, the
most common configuration is the joining of the two
canals before exiting at the apex
(Vertucci Type II (2-1) or Vertucci Type III

Mandibular Canine
INGLES 6

Mandibular Canine
INGLES 6
Errors in Access Cavity Preparation

Mandibular Canine
INGLES 6

 The mandibular first premolar is typically a single rooted tooth
that is wider buccolingually and narrower mesiodistally
 The overall average length of the mandibular first
premolar is 22.5 mm with an average
crown length of 8.5 mm and an
average root length of 14 mm.
 Grooves are frequently found on
both the mesial and the distal
surfaces of the root resulting
in an ovoid-shaped root.
The distal depression is deeper
than the mesial.
Mandibular First Premolar
Labial lingual
Mesial distal

 Variatuion in root number & Morphology ….
( 1.8 % two roots…..Trope et al. found significant
ethnic variations( high incidence in the African American
than in Caucasian American group of patients.
 Three-rooted mandibular first premolars are rare .

 The incidence of a single canal is 75.8% , two or more canals is 24.2 % .
 First premolars have the highest rate of root canal failure,
the possible reasons, are the numerous variations in root canal
morphology and difficult access to a second canal.
There is usually a straight line access to the buccal canal,
while the lingual canal branches at a sharp angle, potentially
resulting in a missed canal.
University of Washinton Study

A. Buccal view of a recently calcified first premolar with a large pulp
radiograph, if exposed slightly from the mesial, will reveal:
1. narrow mesiodistal width of the pulp
2. presence of one pulp canal
3. relatively straight canal
B. Mesial view of the same tooth demonstrating
details not apparent from the radiograph:
1. height of the pulp horn
2. broad buccolingual extent of the pulp
3. apical-buccal curvature (2% of the time)

Errors in Access Cavity Preparation

Mandibular Second Premolar
 The mandibular second premolar is normally
a single rooted tooth
 The root is described as flat or convex on its
mesial surface, while the distal surface often
(73%) has a longitudinal developmental depression.
 Cross section of the root is usually ovoid in shape.
 The overall average length is 22.5 mm with an
average crown length of 8 mm and an average
root length of 14.5 mm.
 Multi-rooted mandibular second premolars are quite Rare
….two-rooted 0.3% …. three-rooted 0.1%

 The incidence of a single canal is 91.1% .
 When a second canal system is located, it is usually
fine and branches toward the lingual surface in the
middle or the apical third of the main canal.
 The incidence of two or more canals was 8.9%.
 There was a single apical foramen 91.6% of the time.

Sudanese Dental Centre

Mandibular First Molar
 The mandibular first molar is typically a two rooted tooth( 85.2%
 The mesial and the distal roots are normally
widely separated with a furcation level buccally
and lingually approximately 3 and 4 mm, respectively.
 Both roots are broader buccolingually than
mesiodistally. The mesial root has concavities
on both its mesial and distal surfaces and is angled
slightly mesially before curving distally .

 The distal root is generally more ovoid in its cross sectional shape.
 The overall average length is 21.5 mm with an average
crown length of 7.5 mm and an average root length of 14 mm

 There is a higher incidence of three roots ( Radix Entomolaris & Paramolaris)
 Three roots may occur in one of five patients from Asian populations.
 Single-rooted forms and fusion and four-rooted forms were found to be
extremely rare and occurred less than 1% of the time in all population
groups studied. o a
high of 6.0% in a Saudi Arabian population

 The mandibular first molar typically has two mesial canals
and one distal canal .
 The two-rooted forms have two canals in the
mesial root 95.8% of the time.
 The mesial root canals may have a common
exit foramen or can exit separately as two
or more apical foramina.
 The mesiobuccal canal usually has a distinct
buccal curvature at the floor of the chamber
while the mesiolingual canal is straighter
in the long axis to the root.
 The distal root usually has a single broad canal
but a two-canal system can occur in nearly
one-third of the distal roots.

Radix Entomolaris
Radix Paramolaris
 Mandibular molar tooth with extra root ( third root ) on the distolingual
side of the roots
 Mandibular molar tooth with extra root on the distobuccal side of roots

 The three-rooted forms had two canals in the
mesial root 100% of the time with 93.1 %a single apical foramen in a
weighted average of the three anatomical studies reported.
 The distobuccal root had one canal 97.6% of the time and the
distolingual or third root had a single canal 100% of the time

Root and Canal Morphology of Mandibular
Molars in a Sudanese population
According to Ahmed et all…
 Overall 59% of mandibular first molars had
four canals
 3% having a third distolingual root.
 The most common canal system configurations
were type IV (73%) and type II (14%).
 Inter-canal communications were more
common in the mesial roots (65%).
Ahmed et al. Canal morphology of Sudanese molar
International Endodontic Journal, 40, 766–771, 2007

Access Cavjty Preparation

Error in Access Cavjty Preparation

Mandibular Second Molar
 The mandibular second molar normally
has two roots ( 76% ).
 The mesial and the distal roots are usually
closer together or have a longer root trunk
and are more frequently fused, compared to
the mandibular first molar.
 The roots are broader buccolingually than
mesiodistally. Root concavities are usually
present on the mesial surfaces of both the
mesial and the distal roots and the distal
surface of the mesial root.
Buccal Lingual

 Root fusion that becomes a single-root, conical,
or ‘‘C-shape’’ form .
 The incidence of a third root, usually the distolingual
root, in mandibular second molars (2.2%) is not
as high as in first mandibular molars
 The overall average length is 20mm with an average
crown length of 7 mm and an average root length of 13 mm

 The mandibular second molar typically has two mesial canals
and one distal canal
.
 The mesial root of the mandibular second molar has
a higher incidence of one canal (14%) than does the
mesial root of the mandibular first molar (4.2%).
Mesial root canals may have a common foramen or
may exit separately as two or more foramina, but the
joining of the two canals is the most common form.
 Due to the higher incidence of root
fusion in the mandibular second molar,
C-shaped canals are frequent.

 The incidence of root fusion is generally higher in studies of Asian patients.
 The root fusion usually leads to either
A– One Conical Canal

B– C-Shaped Canal
 This canal shape results from the fusion
on the mesial and distal roots on either the
buccal or the lingual root surface .
Three categories of C-shaped canals :-
-- Category I
Is described as a continuous C-shaped canal from
the pulp chamber to the apex.
-- Category I
Is described as a ‘‘semi-colon ’ w here one canal
was separated by dentin from the C-shaped canal.
-- Category III
C-shaped anatomy is described as having
a C-shaped orifice with two or more distinct
and separate canals

C-Shaped Canal
This anatomy is much more common in Asians than in Caucasians.
20 Studies on mandibular second molars have shown a high incidence
of C-shaped root canals in the following populations:
Chinese 18%, Hong Kong Chinese 30%, Lebanese 19%,
Saudi Arabian 11%, Turkish 8%, Greek 5%, Korean 45%,
 According to Ahmed et all
Seventy-eight per cent of second mandibular molars had two separate
flat roots, whilst 10% were C-shaped.
The most common canal system configurations were type IV (73%) and type II
(14%). Inter-canal communications were more common in the mesial roots.
The prevalence of inter-canal communications was 65% in first molars
and 49% in second molars Dr.Abdalazim Badraldin

Mandibular Third Molar

Root canal anatomy and configuration project mandibular teeth [autosaved]

Root canal anatomy and configuration project mandibular teeth [autosaved]

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