The document discusses the role of the tongue in causing and maintaining malocclusion. It describes tongue anatomy, muscles, development of swallowing patterns from infancy to maturity, and evaluation methods. Abnormal tongue size, posture and function can influence malocclusion, such as a retracted tongue causing crowding. Tongue thrust can cause open bites and other issues. Treatment may involve muscle training and appliances to encourage proper tongue posture and swallowing. The size, function and position of the tongue are closely related to dentofacial development and malocclusion.
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Pain & pain/certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academyIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Growth relativity hypothesis1 /certified fixed orthodontic courses by India...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Tongue /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in
continuing dental education , training dentists
in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide
range of dental certified courses in different
formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown &
Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Pain & pain/certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academyIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Growth relativity hypothesis1 /certified fixed orthodontic courses by India...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Tongue /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in
continuing dental education , training dentists
in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide
range of dental certified courses in different
formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown &
Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Stages of deglutition and tongue thrustingprincesoni3954
The presentation features the types and stages of deglutition; types, etiology, classification, diagnosis, clinical findings and management of tongue thrusting.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Open bite (2) /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Tongue and its importance in orthodontic treatment /certified fixed orthodont...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in
continuing dental education , training dentists
in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide
range of dental certified courses in different
formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown &
Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Tongue and its importance in orthodontic
La langue en orthodntie
#orthodontie #orthodontics #OUSSAMA _SANDID #OLIVIER _SANDID # DENTISTERIE #DENTIST #ORTHODONTISTE #ORTHODONTIST_USA- #ORTHODONTIST_LEBANON #ORTHODONTIST_KSA #ORTHODONTIST_WORLD # ORTHODONTISTE_FRANCE
اسامة صنديد# #palestine
tongue and its anatomical relationship with the dentition
• Development of tongue .
• Anatomy of Tongue
• Muscles of tongue.
• Nerve & Blood supply of Tongue.
• Tongue In Orthodontics.
• Examination of tongue.
• Tongue Thrust and Malocclusion.
• Abnormal tongue posture.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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1. ROLE OF TONGUE IN
CAUSING & MAINTAINING
MALOCCLUSION
Dr.Vivek G. Chitte.
Dept of Orthodontics and Dentofacial
Orthopedics
S.B. Patil institute for Dental Sciences and
Research
2. INTRODUCTION
The morphology of the craniofacial complex, the
dynamics of the stomatognathic system & the
arrangement of the dentition is an integrated
functioning unit.
Muscles are potent force, whether they are in
active function or at rest. The teeth & supporting
structure are constantly under the influence of the
contiguous musculature.
3. TONGUE
Muscular organ
Situated in the floor of the mouth
Associated with the functions of
Speech
Mastication
Deglutition
Essential in maintaining the arch form & position of
teeth.
4. MUSCLES OF THE TONGUE
INTRINSIC
Superior longitidinal
Inferior longitidinal
Transverse
Vertical
EXTRINSIC
Genioglossus
Hyoglossus
Styloglossus
Palatoglossus
8. Hyoglossus – depresses the tongue
Styloglossus - pulls it upward & backward
Genioglossus – Protrudes the tongue out of the
mouth by pulling the posterior part forwards
Palatoglossus – brings the palatoglossal arches
together, thus shutting the oral cavity
from the oropharynx
11. CHARACTERISTICS OF INFANTILE
SWALLOW
The jaws are apart, with the tongue between the
gum pads
The mandible is stabilized by contraction of the
muscles of the 7th cranial nerve & the interposed
tongue.
The swallow is guided, & to a great extent
controlled by sensory interchange between the lips &
the tongue.
12. TRANSITION PERIOD
At about the 5 to 6th month of age, as the
incisors begin to erupt, certain proprioceptive
impulses come into play & the peripheral portions
of the tongue starts to spread laterally.
An average infant would show a dominant &
exclusive thrusting swallow for the first 6 months of
life,a transitional thrusting & lateral spread of
tongue during the next year & a dominant somatic
swallow thereafter.
14. CHARACTERISTICS OF MATURE
SWALLOW
The teeth are together
The mandible is stabilized by contraction of the
mandibular elevators,which are primarily 5th cranial
nerve muscles
The tongue tip is held against the palate, above &
behind the incisors
There are minimal contractions of the lips during the
mature swallow.
15. DEGLUTITION CYCLE
1. Preparatory swallow
2. Oral phase of swallowing
3. Pharyngeal phase of swallowing
4. Esophageal phase of swallowing
16. PREPARATORY SWALLOW
Starts as soon as liquids are taken in, or after the
bolus has been masticated
The liquid or bolus is then in a swallow-
preparatory position on the dorsum of the tongue.
The oral cavity is sealed by lip & tongue.
17. Oral phase of swallowing
Soft palate moves upward & the tongue drops
downward & backward
Larynx & hyoid bone move upward
Smooth path for the bolus as it is pushed from the
oral cavity by the wave like rippling of the tongue
Oral cavity is stabilized by the muscles of
mastication, & maintains the anterior & lateral seal
18. Pharyngeal phase of swallowing
Begins as the bolus passes through the fauces
The pharyngeal tube is raised upward en masse
Nasopharynx is sealed off by closure of the soft
palate against the posterior pharyngeal wall
Hyoid bone & base of tongue move forward as the
pharynx & tongue continue their peristaltic – like
movement of the bolus of the food
19. Esophageal phase of swallowing
Commences as the food passes the
cricopharyngeal sphincter
While peristaltic movement carries the food
through the esophagus, the hyoid bone , palate &
tongue return to their original positions
21. EXAMINATION OF THE TONGUE
1. Morphological examination
2. Functional examination
Morphological examination:
The tongue should be examined for size & shape
Macroglossia:
Scalloping on the lateral borders
Microglossia:
Severe crowding & collapsed dental arch
22. SHAPE OF THE TONGUE
ASYMMETRY OF THE TONGUE:
Functional
Morphological
Ask the patient to protrude the tongue, & note the
symmetry in this position
Then ask the patient to relax the tongue, allowing it
to drape over the lower lip
23. FUNCTIONAL EXAMINATION OF THE TONGUE
Observe the posture of the tongue while the
mandible is in postural rest position
Ceph taken at the mandibular postural position
Examination of the tongue with patient in upright
position
During mandibular posture, dorsum touches the
palate lightly & the tip is in the lingual fossa or at the
crevices of mandibular incisors
24. Observe the tongue in various swallows
Patient should be in upright position with the
vertebral column vertical & FHP parallel to the
plane
Observe several unconscious swallows
Place small amount of water beneath the patients
tongue tip & ask him to swallow & note
mandibular movements
Mature swallow – mandible rises, lips touch
lightly with very minimal contraction
25. Place the hand over the temporal muscle,pressing
lightly with finger tips
Give the patient more water & ask for a repeat
swallow & feel for temporal muscle contraction
Place a tongue depressor or mouth mirror on the
lower lip & ask the patient to swallow
27. PALATOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION OF THE
TONGUE
Permits tongue function to be observed during
swallowing & speaking
Direct & indirect methods
28. DIRECT METHOD
First described by Oakley Coles in 1872
Gum Arabic & flour were mixed & painted on the
tongue
After selected functional exercises – contacts on
the palate were transferred onto the cast & evaluated
29. INDIRECT PALATOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUE
First used by Kingsley in 1880
Upper plate – black india rubber
Covered the tongue with mixture of chalk
& alcohol
The contacts seen on the palatal rubber
plate were then transferred onto the cast
30. CURRENT DIRECT METHOD
Superior surface of the tongue is covered with a
precise impression material ( Imprex )
After functional exercises an instant (Polaroid)
print is made of the palatal region
Evaluation of the palatogram is possible by
direct measurement on the picture
32. TONGUE THRUST
DEFINITION
The forward movement of the tongue tip between
the teeth to meet the lower lip in deglutition and in
sounds of speech so that the tongue becomes
interdental.
CLASSIFICATION
According to Moyers,
Simple tongue thrust swallow
Complex tongue thrust swallow
Retained infantile swallow / tongue sucking
33. SIMPLE TONGUE THRUST SWALLOW
Tongue thrust with a teeth together swallow
Malocclusion:
Well circumscribed anterior open bite
Posterior teeth in perfect occlusion
Open bite has definite beginning & an ending
Usually associated with digit sucking, since it is
necessary for the tongue to thrust forward into the
open bite to maintain the anterior seal during
swallow.
34. Complex tongue thrust swallow
Tongue thrust with teeth apart swallow
Malocclusion:
Poor occlusal fit – prompts a slide into occlusion
Generalized anterior open bite
Mandibular elevators don't contract during
swallowing, & mandible is stabilized by tongue &
inframandibular muscle contractions
Usually associated with chronic resp. distress, mouth
breathing, tonsillitis & pharyngitis.
35. Retained infantile swallow / tongue sucking
Undue persistence of the infantile swallow well past
the normal time for its departure
Teeth occlude on only one molar in each quadrant
Strong contractions of the facial muscles during
swallowing
Patients will have expressionless faces, since the
muscles of the 7th cranial nerve are being used for
stabilization of the mandible
Difficulties in mastication & low gag threshold
36. CLASSIFICATION OF TONGUE THRUST
According to Brauer & Holt, AO-1965
Type I – Non deforming tongue thrust
Type II- Deforming anterior tongue thrust
Subgroup 1 - Anterior open bite
Subgroup 2 – Associated procumbency of anteriors
Subgroup 3 – Associated posterior cross bite
37. Type III – Deforming lateral tongue thrust
Subgroup 1 – Posterior open bite
Subgroup 2 – Posterior cross bite
Subgroup 3 – Deep overbite
Type IV – Deforming ant & lateral tongue thrust
Subgroup 1 – Anterior & posterior open bite
Subgroup 2 – Associated procumbency of anteriors
Subgroup 3 - Associated posterior cross bite
38. EFFECTS OF TONGUE THRUSTING
Thumb sucking + Tongue thrusting:
If the finger displaces the maxillary incisors labially,
the tongue thrusts forward to maintain lip seal
Accentuates the open bite tendency & prevents the
incisors from erupting & forces them labially
Lips become more hypotonic & no longer contact
each other during rest
Mouth breathing is aggravated
39. Increased over jet – lower lip cushions to the
lingual of the maxillary incisors
Mentalis muscle activity increases – puckering of
the chin
Tongue drops lower in the mouth & no longer
approximates the palate
Tongue elongates in shape
Balancing effect on the buccal segment is
decreased
40. Lateral peripheral portions no longer overlie
the occlusal surfaces of posteriors
Net effect:
Narrowing of the maxillary arch
Over eruption of the posteriors
Inter occlusal space is eliminated
Posterior cross bite
41. TONGUE THRUST -TREATMENT
SIMPLE TONGUE THRUST
Should not be started before correction of incisor
proclination
STEPS IN THE Rx:
STEP I
Patient is instructed to swallow by holding the
tongue tip against the junction of hard & soft
palate
42. To practice correct swallowing at least 40
times/day
Small elastics can be held by the tongue tip
against the palate
43. STEP II
Reinforce the new swallowing pattern subconsciously
Flat, sugarless fruit drops can be used
To place the drop on the tip of the tongue & hold it
against the palate until the candy has dissolved
completely
Have the patient time how long the candy is held in
place
44. STEP III
Well adapted lingual arch wire with short 2mm,
sharp, strategically placed spurs can be given
Should not be placed as the first appliance
45. COMPLEX TONGUE THRUST
To treat the occlusion first
Muscle training should be started when the ortho Rx
is in finishing stages
Instruct the patient to keep the teeth together during
step I
Step III is must
Maxillary retention appliance should have spurs
incorporated in it
47. INFANTILE TO MATURE TONGUE POSTURE
1. Eruption of incisors
2. Downward & forward growth of the mandible –
increases the intraoral volume
3. Growth of the alveolar process in vertical
direction
48. MATURE TONGUE POSTURE
During mandibular posture, the dorsum
touches the palate slightly and the tongue tip
normally is at rest in the lingual fossa or at the
crevices of the mandibular incisors.
56. Chia fen, AJO-2002
Examined the relationship between tongue
movements during swallowing & dentofacial
morphology with
Ultrasonography
Cephalometric radiography
Dental casts
•Movements of tongue during swallowing are
related to dentofacial morphology
57. •Arch length increased with prolonged duration of
swallowing
•Those who have longer duration of swallowing
appear to have increased gonial angles, steep
mandibular planes, increased body & ramus lengths,
raised anterior lower facial heights, lingually
inclined lower incisors,increased arch lengths
•Size, posture,& function of the tongue are
significantly correlated with dentofacial morphology,
including jaw relations, abnormality of dental arch
form & abnormal tooth position or malocclusion.
58. ABNORMAL SIZE OF THE TONGUE
MACROGLOSSIA
Pseudomacroglossia
1. Habitual posturing
2. Hypertrophied tonsil/ adenoid
3. Low palatal vault
4. Severe mandibular deficiency
True macroglossia
60. CLINICAL FEATURES OF MACROGLOSSIA
The oral cavity is filled by the tongue mass
Epipharynx is narrow
Patient is able extend the tongue to the nose tip / chin
Indentations are evident on the tongue periphery
Generalized spacing between the teeth
Procumbent anteriors
Open bite
Treatment
Surgical trimming of the tongue
61. METHODS OF REDUCING THE TONGUE
1. midline wedge resection with the base in the
anterior tongue,
2. midline elliptical excision,
3. marginal excision,
4. the "keyhole" or midline elliptical
excision combined with an anterior
wedge resection,
62. MICROGLOSSIA OR HYPOGLOSSIA
Rare condition
Protruded tongue tip reaches the lower incisors at
best
Floor of the mouth is elevated & visible on each
side of the diminutive tongue
Dental arch is collapsed & reduced with extreme
crowding in the premolar area
Severe class II malocclusion
Impacted III molars
63. ROLE OF TONGUE IN SPEECH
Speech production requires
1. Pulmonary bellow -provide an air steam that is
under pressure during the phase of exhalation
2. Larynx – where sounds originate
3. Organs of speech ( articulators )
64. ROLE OF TONGUE
The articulators modify the shape, volume &
cross section of the opening in the oral resonating
cavity
The tongue can divide the oral space into a
double cavity, which multiplies the possible types
of resonance and creates the range of vowels.
66. SPEECH DIFFICULTIES RELATED TO
MALOCCLUSION
s,z (sibilants) - Ant. Open bite, large gap b/w incisors
t,d (Linguoalveolar stops) - Irregular incisors
f,v(Labiodental fricatives) - Skeletal class III
th,sh,ch(lin.dental fricatives) - Anterior open bite
68. BIONATOR
Functional space for the tongue is essential to the
normal development of the orofacial system
Discoordination of tongue function can lead to
abnormal growth & actual deformation
Mandible is postured anteriorly with the incisors in
an edge to edge relation
Enlarged the oral space
Allows the normal action of the tongue
70. TONGUE ADAPTATIONS FOLLOWING SURGERY
MANDIBULAR SETBACK:
Maintenance of respiration
Wedge reduction of tongue
Postural adaptation of tongue
Downward movement of hyoid bone & changes
in the soft tissue contour – Double chin
71. Mary V. Andianopolos et al, AO-1987
Patients with persistent tongue thrust habit was
significantly related to the amount of relapse &
patients who underwent Rx for tongue thrusting &
who are not currently tongue thrusting are positively
related to a smaller overjet relapse
72. Greg.Haang, et al, AO-1990
Tongue crib therapy significantly reduced the post
treatment relapse of open bite.
Larry.M. Wolford,AJO-1996
If the openbite is not due to macroglossia,
correction will allow a normal tongue, which is a very
adaptable organ, to readjust to the oral cavity little
tendency towards relapse.
If the macroglossia is present with the openbite,
then instability of the orthodontics & orthognathic
surgery may likely occur with a tendency for the
openbite to return.
73. CONCLUSION
Retaining the achieved results is a major challenge
faced by every orthodontist. Not only esthetically
pleasing arch form & occlusion but positioning the
teeth where muscular forces ( intra & extra oral ) are
balanced should be aimed at right from the day one of
the treatment.