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Intercultural cities
 Joint action of the Council of Europe
    and the European Commission
Doing integration
   differently:
    the rise of
 interculturalism
Diversity advantage
• Diversity is not a threat – it is an asset

• Embracing diversity not as city branding but
  as a style of governance and policy-making

• Cultural competence is necessary to mange
  the profound changes related to diversity
  and conflicts which may arise
Positive
interaction
matters
Assimilation policy
Multicultural policy
Identity matters
Governance matters
Cultural
competence
  matters
The need for a
   strategic
  approach
The intercultural
integration model
Intercultural policy
Intercultural policy
THE INTERCULTURAL CITY DEFINITION

- a diverse population
- strong political leadership for diversity
as an advantage
- effective policy to combat
discrimination
- institutions sensitive to and
competent to address the needs of a
diverse population
- a strategy and tools to deal with
cultural conflict and encourage mixing
and interaction between diverse
groups in the public space   .
How do we know
  the model is
     valid?
MEMBER CITIES   ASSOCIATED CITIES

                Amadora, Arezzo,
                Barcelona, Bergen,
                Duisburg, Bari, Campi
                Bisenzio, Capannori,
                Cartagena, Castelvetro di
                Modena, Erlangen,
                Fermo, Fucecchio,
                Fuenlabrada, Genova,
                Gexto, Kristiansand, Lodi,
                Mexico city, Milan,
                Montréal, Munich, Parla,
                Pompei, Rijeka, Sabadell,
                San Giuliano Terme, San
                Sebastian, Savignano sul
                Rubicone, Sechenkivsky,
                Senigallia, Stavanger,
                Trondheim, Turin,
                Turnhout, Unione dei
                Comuni-Savignano sul
                Rubicone, Västeras and
                Zurich
Copenhagen
launches a
programme
based on the
Intercultural
cities
principles
POLICY AUDIT




 STEP BY STEP                   CITY PROFILES
    GUIDE

                       THE
                INTERCULTURAL
                 CITY TOOLBOX



GOOD PRACTICE                   GUIDELINES FOR
                                    CITIZEN
                                 INVOLVEMENT

                 INDICATORS
Intercultural cities index
C
         o




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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Intercultural City Index (ICC) - City sample (inhabitants > 200'000)




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                                                                                          Intercultural City Index (ICC) - City sample (non-nationals/foreign borns < 15%)




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Commitment
                                        125

                Governance              100                  Intercultural lens
                                         75
                                         50

         Welcoming                       25                           Mediation
                                          0




Intelligence/Competence                                           Language



                International outlook                Media


                                  Copenhagen2011        City sample
                                  Copenhagen2012
Intercultural cities
          in statistics
 Over 60 cities involved and dozens of
 others willing to join
1.300 people involved in cities
2200 mailing list
175 friends on Facebook
263 Tweeter followers
Four national networks (Italy, Norway,
 Spain, Ukraine)
www.coe.int/interculturalcities

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Robert palmer

  • 1. Intercultural cities Joint action of the Council of Europe and the European Commission
  • 2. Doing integration differently: the rise of interculturalism
  • 3. Diversity advantage • Diversity is not a threat – it is an asset • Embracing diversity not as city branding but as a style of governance and policy-making • Cultural competence is necessary to mange the profound changes related to diversity and conflicts which may arise
  • 10. The need for a strategic approach
  • 14. THE INTERCULTURAL CITY DEFINITION - a diverse population - strong political leadership for diversity as an advantage - effective policy to combat discrimination - institutions sensitive to and competent to address the needs of a diverse population - a strategy and tools to deal with cultural conflict and encourage mixing and interaction between diverse groups in the public space .
  • 15. How do we know the model is valid?
  • 16. MEMBER CITIES ASSOCIATED CITIES Amadora, Arezzo, Barcelona, Bergen, Duisburg, Bari, Campi Bisenzio, Capannori, Cartagena, Castelvetro di Modena, Erlangen, Fermo, Fucecchio, Fuenlabrada, Genova, Gexto, Kristiansand, Lodi, Mexico city, Milan, Montréal, Munich, Parla, Pompei, Rijeka, Sabadell, San Giuliano Terme, San Sebastian, Savignano sul Rubicone, Sechenkivsky, Senigallia, Stavanger, Trondheim, Turin, Turnhout, Unione dei Comuni-Savignano sul Rubicone, Västeras and Zurich
  • 17. Copenhagen launches a programme based on the Intercultural cities principles
  • 18. POLICY AUDIT STEP BY STEP CITY PROFILES GUIDE THE INTERCULTURAL CITY TOOLBOX GOOD PRACTICE GUIDELINES FOR CITIZEN INVOLVEMENT INDICATORS
  • 20. C o 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 pe O sl nh o ag Z C ur en o ic 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 20 pe h S 12 nh Du ab ag bl S C ad en in av o p el 20 ig e l M 12 na nh L on no ag o d tr B s u en i ar e a l R 20 ce l ub 11 D lo ic o na rt on m S e u ub S n ot ab d ic ad S a N el an G en e l S C uk eb oa o Le ö as pe w lln tiá nh ish n ag am Lu en bl 20 E D 11 rla in u ng is bu T en rg ur nh G en ou P t M oa ru un lu ic A ky h re z T S ur en zo S in ig ec Lu a h bl A ll en in m ia ki ad vs or ky T a T ilb ilb ur ur g I g Iz M zhe M he ex vs ex vs ic ic k F o k o ue C C n it it y la y br Li sb a da o Intercultural City Index (ICC) - City sample (inhabitants > 200'000) Li P n sb at ra o s P n R C at ij e a ras ka rt ag Intercultural City Index (ICC) - City sample (non-nationals/foreign borns < 15%) P Li en éc m a Li m s as as so so l l
  • 21. Commitment 125 Governance 100 Intercultural lens 75 50 Welcoming 25 Mediation 0 Intelligence/Competence Language International outlook Media Copenhagen2011 City sample Copenhagen2012
  • 22.
  • 23. Intercultural cities in statistics  Over 60 cities involved and dozens of others willing to join 1.300 people involved in cities 2200 mailing list 175 friends on Facebook 263 Tweeter followers Four national networks (Italy, Norway, Spain, Ukraine)

Editor's Notes

  1. In 2008 the Council of Europe and the European commission, together with a group of pioneer cities, launched an ambitious initiative: to develop an approach to integrating diverse communities which addresses the cohesion deficit and charts a new way ahead.
  2. At the heart of this approach lies the concept of DIVERSITY ADVANTAGE ] . What does it stand for? Diversity is not a threat – it is an asset Embracing diversity not as a way of city branding but as a style of governance and policy-making Cultural competence is necessary to mange the profound changes related to diversity and conflicts which may arise We have carried out a very extensive analysis of social and economic research [2] and have found convincing evidence that diversity and intercultural interaction can improve productivity and wages and increase entrepreneurship and foreign trade. The same kinds of benefits apply to cities. Both research and practice suggest that cities can gain enormously from the diversified skills, entrepreneurship and creativity associated with diversity, provided they facilitate intercultural interaction and co-creation. According to social theory intercultural contact favours trust and solidarity, spatial segregation of diversity is responsible for the lower bonding and bridging capital.
  3. The key to realising the diversity advantage is diversity plus interaction. Current integration models fall short of this equation. Assimilation rejects diversity, multiculturalism underestimates interaction. Policies and practices should be designed to promote informal encountering and help local groups organise around other-than-ethnic axes of difference – and this is best achieved at local, even neighbourhood level. Encounters do not need to be formal; they can happen in environments such as churches, sports, schools, cafes, streets and all sorts of urban spaces. Again, research shows that local systems that facilitate encounters and interaction result in higher level of identification, participation and solidarity in the local community, across cultural and ethnic boundaries.
  4. Both assimilation and multicultural integration models underestimate interaction. Assimilation denies the need for interaction because the assumption is that migrants and their difference will be absorbed quickly by the host society
  5. In multiculturalism interaction is deemed necessary only on the grounds of cultural proximity – within a cultural group – but not between cultures.
  6. One of human beings’ most important needs is the need to belong and the need for identity. Assimilation models overemphasise host country identity as fixed, passed unchanged across generations. Multicultural models also view identity as fixed and unchangeable, but it focuses on group identity, neglecting the identity needs of the entire community. We need to broaden out identity, to achieve, as Putnam says, a broader sense of “we” including all people with whom we share a territory and the quality of being human regardless of language, origin, faith and other differences. In practical terms this means to recognise the importance of different cultures and their right to participate in the building of a common identity which is defined by diversity, pluralism and respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. The recognition of diverse cultures involves openly embracing diversity in official discourse and communication, but also adapting institutions to diverse participants and users, making sure that they are open and flexible enough to innovate on the basis of inputs of different cultural origins.
  7. One of human beings’ most important needs is the need to belong and the need for identity. Assimilation models overemphasise host country identity as fixed, passed unchanged across generations. Multicultural models also view identity as fixed and unchangeable, but it focuses on group identity, neglecting the identity needs of the entire community. We need to broaden out identity, to achieve, as Putnam says, a broader sense of “we” including all people with whom we share a territory and the quality of being human regardless of language, origin, faith and other differences. In practical terms this means to recognise the importance of different cultures and their right to participate in the building of a common identity which is defined by diversity, pluralism and respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. The recognition of diverse cultures involves openly embracing diversity in official discourse and communication, but also adapting institutions to diverse participants and users, making sure that they are open and flexible enough to innovate on the basis of inputs of different cultural origins.
  8. The diversity advantage is not automatic. Many countries and cities across Europe – and elsewhere have failed to reap the benefits of diversity and even face conflicts and disintegration because of inadequate integration policies. To a large extent, this inadequacy is due to an underestimation of the cultural dimension of integration – a simplistic or biased understanding of culture and diversity, a rather mechanistic approach to integration leading to the marginalisation of migrant cultures and the related perpetuation of poverty, exclusion and conflict.
  9. To be successful, an integration model needs to work on a strategic level. Integration is not the job of one department of service but a key objective for all services and institutions. At the urban level, such a strategic approach can be achieved by mobilising actors across administrative silos and professional specialisms and involving broadly civil society for a common vision of an inclusive integration and city-making. The strategy needs to cover all policy areas and engage institutions and citizens towards common objectives under strong political leadership.
  10. All of the above points represent defining features of the intercultural integration model resulting from the Council of Europe/European Commission initiative. The model views integration not as dealing with people with needs that have to be helped to function adequately but as a process whereby social and economic institutions are able to identify, enhance and harness the skills and talents of all and empower them to become productive members of society. To achieve this, integration Integration needs to as a way of achieving the diversity advantage and outlines the conditions which need to be satisfied: public policies and institutions that are culturally competent and foster intercultural interaction, the building of a pluralistic and inclusive identity, a participatory governance system, a comprehensive and strategic approach driven by committed leadership
  11. It argues that diversity can be a resource for the development of the city, if the public discourse, the city institutions and processes and the behaviour of people take diversity positively into account. In other words, rather than ignoring diversity (as with guest-worker approaches), denying diversity (as with assimilationist approaches), or overemphasising diversity and thereby reinforcing walls between culturally distinct groups (as with multiculturalism), interculturalism is about explicitly recognising the value of diversity while doing everything possible to increase interaction, mixing and hybridisation between cultural communities.
  12. Interculturality recognises strongly the need to enable each culture to survive and flourish but underlines also the right of all cultures to contribute to the cultural landscape of the society they are present in. Interculturality derives from the understanding that cultures thrive only in contact with other cultures, not in isolation. It seeks to reinforce inter-cultural interaction as a means of building trust and reinforcing the fabric of the community. The development of a cultural sensitivity, the encouragement of intercultural interaction and mixing is seen not as the responsibility of a special department or officer but as an essential aspect of the functioning of all city departments and services
  13. The review of academic research demonstrates that the benefits of the Intercultural cities approach extend beyond the economy and cover effectiveness of the city administration, urban planning, education, social services, innovation, civic engagement and social life. Examples of such benefits can be found in scholarly works. The Council of Europe/European Commission programme “Intercultural cities” has analysed since 2008 the experience of a range of cities across the continent which are trying to adopt a strategic approach to diversity and manage it as an asset, rather than as a threat. The collective input of these cities has shaped the unique approach to migrant/minority integration called intercultural integration . The model also draws upon a range of international legal instruments, mostly adopted by the Council of Europe, which constitute a solid normative basis in line with international standards.
  14. The intercultural integration concept has been developed by a network of pilot cities from all over Europe. Intercultural cities is not just a city club. It is not simply a network but a learning community with carefully designed processes and a set of tools to help understand the complexities of issues, make changes and assess progress. It is also a political community of cities which believe that diversity is their future and refuse the politics of fear. The Intercultural cities network provides expert and peer support to cities which chose to learn how to better manage diversity and benefit from the diversity advantage. It offers an internationally tested and validated methodology and a set of analytical and learning tools, as well as help with re-shaping city policies and services to make them more effective in a diverse context, and to engage citizens in building an understanding of their diversity as a competitive advantage.
  15. Copenhagen is a very good example of how a city can apply the intercultural integration model. In 2011 Copenhagen launched the « engage in the city » programme which puts forward a vision of an inclusive city, offering equal opportunities, fighting discrimination and prejudice and involving everybody in democratic processes to build trust and a pluralistic city identity, based on the Intercultural cities principles. The programme has an elaborate management structure, adequate resources and an evaluation mechanism. One of the evaluation tools is the Intercultural cities index. One year after the launch, the INDEX results for Copenhagen have improved.
  16. Based on the information, analyses and 5-year experience of the programme, a set of tools have been developed to support local policy-makers and stakeholders in developing and implementing intercultural integration strategies. These tools enable a structured approach to policy audit, citizen involvement in strategy development, and offer hundreds of good practice examples as well as guidelines for citizen participation in the strategy development process. A set of indicators have been developed to allow a rigorous and comparable assesment of achievements and challenges and monitoring progress over time. Evidence and examples produced there could usefully enrich the draft European Modules on Immigrant Integration.
  17. An Intercultural Cities Index has been developed based on the elements of the intercultural integration approach. The purpose of the Index is to track cities’ performance in relation to intercultural integration. The results of the INDEX help cities make evidence-based judgments about the impact and outcomes of their policies and resource investment. As of today, 45 cities in the world have been evaluated using this Index. Managers of the evaluated cities were then provided with specific policy advice and recommendations in the variety of policy areas, particularly those where additional improvements are needed
  18. According to the Intercultural cities INDEX, Copenhagen is now fourth among cities with over 200 000 inhabitants and first among cities with over 15% foreign nationals or foreign born.
  19. Marked progress has been made in the fields of intercultural mediation. One example of new intiative is Din Tro Min Tro , dealing specifically with inter-religious relations. This organisation offers panels in schools, which are composed of a Jew, a Christian and a Muslim, talking about interreligious tolerance. The municipality has also a specialist municipal mediation service for intercultural issues (the Ethnic Consultancy Team ), a generalist municipal mediation service including intercultural staff, as well as Knowledge Inclusion Copenhagen counseling staff on issues such as resistance identities, conflict resolution, prevention of extremism, etc.
  20. The European Modules on migrant integration are an important initiative and a decisive step forward towards creating a common framework of reference for integraiton as a holistic and two-way process.As this work grows broader and more sophisticated, I am convinced that it will embrace to an even greater extent the intercultural approach and incorporate ideas and knowledge generated by Intercultural cities. At the same time, we will cross-reference and include in our toolbox the approaches and examples covering more « classical » integration issues.
  21. Cities across Europe and wider (Japan, Mexico, Israel, Canada) are aspiring to apply the principles of intercultural integration. Beyond the over 60 cities participating in the European network and the 4 national networks, over 20 cities have made a request for joining the platform and the number is constantly growing. Intercultural cities have become a coalition of cities trying a novel, culturally competent approach to integration. We hope that national authorities will take notice, support them in this endeavour and help broaden the movement and strengthen its impact.
  22. Intercultural city profiles, hundreds of practice examples, thematic papers, the INDEX reports, the Step-by-step guide to the intercultural city and much more can be found on the Intercultural cities web site.