Rigging & Slinging Training Course.pdf

GES-R&S- JUNE 2020 1
Rigging & Slinging Training
Course
TRAINING ACADEMY

Instructor Name :
Did you sign in your attendance Sheet??
The purpose of attendance Sheet
Concern for the quality assurance Prove the data for certification
Instructor E-mail :
TRAINING ACADEMY

TRAINING ACADEMY

TRAINING ACADEMY
Lifting Operation and Lifting Equipment Regulation
1998 LOLER
Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 PUWER
LEEA Code of Practice Edition 9
Introduction
The Health And Safety At Work Etc Act 1974 HASWA
References

TRAINING ACADEMY
Steel wire rope slings —Safety BS EN13414-1 & 3:2003
Forged steel shackles for general lifting purposes — Dee
shackles and bow shackles BS EN13889:2003+A1:2008
Short link chain for lifting purposes —Safety BS EN 818-4
Introduction
Textile slings —Safety BS EN 1492-1 & 2 :2000
Code of Practice for Safe use of cranes BS 7121-1:2016

TRAINING ACADEMY
Legislation

TRAINING ACADEMY
Covers existing used leased and new equipment
LOLER Key Regulations
▪ Regulation 4: Strength and stability
▪ Regulation 5: Lifting equipment for lifting persons
▪ Regulation 6: Positioning and installation
▪ Regulation 7: Marking of lifting equipment
▪ Regulation 8: Organization of lifting operations
▪ Regulation 9: Thorough examination and inspection
▪ Regulation 10: Reports and defects
▪ Regulation 11: Keeping of information
Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations 1998
LOLER
What does LOLER apply to?
LOLER applies to the use of lifting equipment provided as work equipment.

TRAINING ACADEMY
What does PUWER apply to?
PUWER applies to the provision and use of all work equipment
The Essentials of PUWER
PUWER places duties on the employer to ensure that:
❑ Work equipment is suitable for the purpose for which it is to be used.
❑ The working conditions and risk to health and safety of personnel in which the
work equipment is used is to be considered.
❑ Equipment is suitably maintained and a log kept up to date.
❑ Equipment is inspected on a regular basis (ref. LOLER).
❑ All inspection and maintenance records are kept and recorded.
❑ All persons using work equipment have sufficient information pertaining to its use.
Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998
PUWER

TRAINING ACADEMY
PUWER Key Regulations
▪ Regulation 4: Suitability of work equipment
▪ Regulation 5: Maintenance
▪ Regulation 6: Inspection
▪ Regulation 7: Specific risks
▪ Regulation 8: Information and Instructions
▪ Regulations 9: Training
Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998
PUWER

TRAINING ACADEMY
Employer and employee have a common law duty of care to each other and
to other employees.
Health and Safety at Work Act Section 2
Employers General Duty:
Duty to ensure so far as is reasonably practicable, the health, safety and welfare at work of
all his employees”
1. Safe plant and systems of work
2. Safe use, handling, storage and transportation of articles and substances
3. Information, instruction, training and adequate supervision (I.I.T.S)
4. Safe place of work and a safe means of access and egress
5. Safe working environment and adequate welfare facilities
Duty of Care

TRAINING ACADEMY
Health and Safety at Work Act Section 7
Duty of Employees at Work
It shall be the duty of every employee whilst at work:-
▪ To take care of their own health and safety and of any other person who may be
affected by their acts or omissions.
▪ To co-operate with their employer.
▪ Use PPE provided by your employer.

TRAINING ACADEMY
Risk Assessment

TRAINING ACADEMY
Definition
Hazard:
• A hazard is something (object or situation) that has the potential to cause
harm.
Risk: (a combination of likelihood and severity)
• Risk is that likelihood that the harm from the hazard is realized
Danger:
• A liability or exposure to harm; something that causes peril
Likelihood:
• How likely it is that someone could be harmed by the hazard
Severity:
• If the potential for harm was to occur, how severe would the accident be?

TRAINING ACADEMY
Five Steps to Risk Assessment
Identify the hazards
Decide who may be harmed and how
Evaluate the risks and decide on precautions
(control measures)
Record your findings
Review and monitor

TRAINING ACADEMY
Even where engineering controls and safe systems
of work have been applied, some hazards might
remain. These include injuries to:
▪ The lungs, e.g. from breathing in contaminated air
▪ The head and feet, e.g. from falling materials
▪ The eyes, e.g. from flying particles or splashes of
corrosive liquids
▪ The skin, e.g. from contact with corrosive materials
▪ The body, e.g. from extremes of heat or cold
PPE is needed in these cases to reduce the risk.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

TRAINING ACADEMY
Key Definitions

TRAINING ACADEMY
Competent Person An individual, who, by way of education, training, experience and
defined assessment, is knowledgeable of applicable standards, can identify workplace
hazards relating to the specific operation, is designated by the employer and has
authority to take appropriate actions.
Lifting Accessory A device that is used or designed to be used to connect a load to a
lifting appliance and which does not form part of the load e.g. wire sling, fiber sling,
shackle, hook etc.
Lifting Appliance A device capable of lifting or lowering a load and includes its
attachments used for anchoring, fixing or supporting it e.g. chain hoist, beam clamp,
mobile crane, winch etc.
Lift Category A categorisation of lifting operations reflecting the risk and the level of
control required.
Key Definitions

TRAINING ACADEMY
Lifting Equipment Generic term used to describe work equipment that covers both
appliances and accessories.
Lift Plan A document which gives step by step details of the ‘lift’. The document also
identifies all the lifting equipment and lifting accessories to be used, the lifting
equipment configuration and details of responsible persons. The lift plan should also
have attached, or provide, details of the sites safety measures, relevant drawings,
illustrations and data.
Safe Working Load (SWL) The maximum load (as determined by a competent
person) that an item of lifting equipment or system may raise, lower or in a given
configuration or environmental condition (see WLL below). The designated Lifting
Operations competent person must establish the safe loading limit of all components
used in any lift and must NOT exceed the SWL or WLL.
Key Definitions

TRAINING ACADEMY
Working Load Limit (WLL) Maximum load that lifting equipment is designed to raise
lower or suspend. The WLL does not account for particular service conditions which
may affect the final rating of the equipment.
Minimum Breaking Load (MBL) The minimum breaking load is the calculated load at
below which the item will not break or fail due to distortion.
Mode Factor A factor applied by the user (slinger / rigger) that takes into account the
geometry of a sling assembly to obtain the maximum load it may lift for a particular
mode of use.
Colour Code A method of marking equipment to give a visual indication of its
certification status.
Key Definitions

TRAINING ACADEMY
Roles and Duties of The Slinger

TRAINING ACADEMY
➢ The slinger should be properly trained in all aspects of slinging loads and signalling, and
be authorized by the appointed person.
➢ The slinger should be responsible for:
▪ Carrying out pre-use and post-use checks of lifting accessories.
▪ Attaching and detaching the load to and from the crane load-lifting attachment.
▪ Using the correct lifting accessories and other equipment in accordance with the lift
plan.
➢ Ensure that slings are not used at an excessive angle.
➢ Ensure the load is free to lift.
➢ Assume a safe position during lifting operations and be aware of the position of others.
Slinger Responsibilities

TRAINING ACADEMY
➢ Continuously monitor the lifting operation.
➢ Remain in communication with all parties at all times.
➢ Ensure tag lines are used safely.
➢ Stop and report any unsafe practices or actions.

TRAINING ACADEMY
Minimum Attributes of The Slinger
Rigger / Slinger should be:
▪ Be 18 years of age or over.
▪ Fit, with particular regard to eyesight, hearing, reflexes and agility.
▪ Physically able to handle lifting accessories and equipment.
▪ Able to establish weights, balance loads and judge distances, heights and clearances.
▪ Trained in the techniques of slinging.
▪ Capable of selecting accessories that have been identified in the lift plan.
▪ Trained in the techniques of signalling and instructed in a common signal Code.
▪ Capable of giving clear verbal instructions where audio equipment (e.g. radio) is used.
▪ Authorized to carry out slinging duties.

TRAINING ACADEMY
Steel Wire Rope Slings

Types of Wire Rope Sling
TRAINING ACADEMY
Single Leg
Steel Wire Rope Sling

Types of Termination
TRAINING ACADEMY
Soft Eye
Thimble Eye

TRAINING ACADEMY

Fittings
TRAINING ACADEMY

TRAINING ACADEMY
Single Leg Wire Rope Length

Multi Leg Wire Rope Length
TRAINING ACADEMY

TRAINING ACADEMY
Single leg sling . Can be used in
A- Straight Lift :
Max load to be lifted must not exceed the
WLL marked on the sling.
Single Leg Sling (Method of use)
The most commonly used methods for effectively balanced load illustrated
as follow:

TRAINING ACADEMY
B- Choke hitch:
Max load to be lifted must not exceed
the 0.8 x WLL marked on the sling

TRAINING ACADEMY
C- Double wrapped choke hitch:
the 0.8 x WLL marked on the sling.

TRAINING ACADEMY
D- Double and choke hitch:
the 1.6x WLL marked on the sling

TRAINING ACADEMY
E- Basket hitch :
▪ By hooking back to the master
link, with the parts of the rope
inclined at angles between 0-
45° to the vertical and included
angle (0-90°) = never exceed
the SWL marked.
▪ In this arrangement the full
load is taken by the master link.

TRAINING ACADEMY
F- Basket hitch :
with both ends onto the hook,
or connected by suitable
shackle. The parts of the rope
disposed at an angles between
(inclined angle 0-45° to the
vertical) and included angle 0-
90° = never exceed the SWL
marked X 1.4

TRAINING ACADEMY
Two Leg Sling (Method of use)
Two leg sling . Can be used in
A- straight lift :
Max load to be lifted must
not exceed the WLL
marked on the sling

TRAINING ACADEMY
B- Straight Lift :
▪ When two single leg slings of the
same length and SWL are used for a
straight lift. The max. load to be
lifted must not exceed 1.4 × SWL
marked on a single sling.
▪ It is recommended that the upper
ends of the sling legs connected by
shackle, link or ring to prevent over
crowded hook of the lifting
appliance.

TRAINING ACADEMY
C- Choke Hitch:
Max load to be lifted
must not exceed the
0.8 x WLL marked on
the sling.

TRAINING ACADEMY
D- Choke hitch:
▪ When two single leg slings of
the same length and SWL are
used in a choke hitch. The max
load to be lifted must not
exceed 0.8 × 1.4 × SWL
marked on a single sling.
▪ It is recommended that the
upper ends of the sling legs
connected by shackle, link or
ring to prevent over crowded
hook of the lifting appliance.

TRAINING ACADEMY
E- Basket hitch :
when the two leg sling is
used in basket hitch the
max. load to be lifted
must not exceed the SWL
marked on the sling.

TRAINING ACADEMY
F- Basket hitch:
when two single leg
slings of the same
length and SWL are
used in basket hitch
with the ends of the
slings connected to the
hook by suitable
shackles (no need to
use shackle in case of
ramshorn hook). The
max load to be lifted
must not exceed 2.1 ×
SWL marked on a single
sling.

TRAINING ACADEMY
Three Leg Sling (Method of use)
Three leg sling . Can be used in
A- Straight lift :
Max load to be lifted
must not exceed the WLL
marked on the sling for
the appropriate range of
angles.

TRAINING ACADEMY
B- Choke & Basket hitch:
▪ The use of three leg sling in either choke or basket hitch is uncommon
method. If used , care must be taken to ensure that all legs are carrying an
equal share of the load.
▪ When used in choke hitch. The max load to be lifted must not exceed 0.8 x
SWL marked on the sling for the appropriate range of angles.
▪ When used in basket hitch. The max load to be lifted must not exceed SWL
marked on the sling for the appropriate range of angles.

TRAINING ACADEMY
Four Leg Sling (Method of use)
Four leg sling . Can be used in
A- straight lift:
Max load to be lifted must
not exceed the WLL
marked on the sling for the
appropriate range of
angles.

TRAINING ACADEMY
B- Choke & Basket hitch:
▪ The use of four leg sling in either choke or basket hitch is uncommon
method. If used , care must be taken to ensure that all legs are carrying
an equal share of the load.
▪ When used in choke hitch. The max load to be lifted must not exceed 0.8
x SWL marked on the sling for the appropriate range of angles.
▪ When used in basket hitch. The max load to be lifted must not exceed
SWL marked on the sling for the appropriate range of angles.
Again, the included angle should be taken as twice the angle to the
vertical of any part of any leg.

TRAINING ACADEMY
Endless Wire Rope Sling (Method of use)
A- Choke hitch:
▪ Endless wire rope slings
are uncommon
nowadays. They should
be used in choke hitch.
The use of endless slings
in other modes, e.g. in
line lifting, is not
preferred.
▪ The max load to be lifted
must not exceed the
SWL marked on the
sling.

TRAINING ACADEMY
The wire rope slings must be regularly visually inspected against the rope defects such as:
In Service Inspection
1- Broken wires:
- Randomly distributed broken wires:
6 randomly distributed broken
outer wires in a length of 6d but
no more than 14 randomly
distributed broken wires in a
length of 30d where d is the
nominal rope diameter.
- Concentrated broken wires:
3 adjacent broken outer wires in
one strand.

TRAINING ACADEMY
2- Excessive wear.
3- Corrosion.

TRAINING ACADEMY
4-Waviness / kinks.
5-Bird caging.

TRAINING ACADEMY
6- Decrease in diameter.
7- Flattening or crushing.

TRAINING ACADEMY
8- Increase in lay length
9- Thermal damage / treatment.

TRAINING ACADEMY
Single-leg sling
➢The sling manufacturer's identifying mark.
➢The working load limit.
➢Any legal marking.
Multi-leg sling
➢The sling manufacturer's identifying mark.
➢The working load limits and the angles applicable, i.e. the WLL 0° to 45° to vertical and,
additionally, the WLL 45° to 60° to the vertical if applicable.
➢Any legal marking.
Marking

TRAINING ACADEMY
1) Never exceed the sling SWL marked upon it. Taking into account the slinging mode.
2) Select the suitable sling, and ensure the lifting appliance is adequate to lift the load.
3) The upper terminal of the sling should be seated on the bowl of the crane hook. Never
on the tip nor the throat.
Safe Use

TRAINING ACADEMY
4) Where more than one sling is used to lift the load, each sling should be adequate for
share of the load imposed on it. Taking into account the slinging method. It is good
practice to join them with a shackle before placing them onto the hook.

TRAINING ACADEMY
5) Sling hooks of multi-leg slings. Should be positioned outward from the load, without
inducing a twist in the rope.

TRAINING ACADEMY
Storage and Handling:
1) The storage area shall be dry, free from injurious pollution and extremes of temperature
2) Wire rope slings should normally be hung from suspension points.
3) Wire rope should be stored on properly designed racks.
4) Wire rope should be cleaned, brushed if necessary (never use solvent).
5) Wire rope should be lubricated under manufacture guidelines. to protect from
corrosion.

TRAINING ACADEMY
6) Wire rope should not be dropped or thrown down when being handled.
7) Wire rope should not be dragged across the floor surface when being transported.
8) The wire rope has a degree of stiffness and will form a noose, care must be taken
to ensure this doesn’t present a danger to personnel

TRAINING ACADEMY
Practical

TRAINING ACADEMY
Textile slings

TRAINING ACADEMY
▪ There are a wide range of flat webbing slings polyamide(Nylon), polyester,
polypropylene in a range of width from 25mm to 450 mm.
▪ They are also available in single leg, endless or multiple leg sling. With a choice of
terminations.
▪ They may have soft eyes or fitted with metal ‘D’ links/ plates or similar fittings.
Textile slings

Types of Textile Slings
TRAINING ACADEMY
Flat woven
webbing sling
Textile slings

TRAINING ACADEMY
Round Sling
Textile slings

TRAINING ACADEMY
The distance between
load bearing points of the
sling.
Textile slings
Effective Working Length

TRAINING ACADEMY
Working Load Limit and Colour Codes
Textile slings

TRAINING ACADEMY
TEMPERATURE AND CHEMICALS
Others
Water
Alkalis
Acid
Operating
temperature
range
Color
Name
N/A
Loss of
strength
15%
Immune
Attacked
-40° to + 100°
Green
Polyamide
Attacked by
solvent
(tars &
paints
etc)
Unaffected
by water
Little
affect
Little affect
-40° to + 80°
Brown
Polypropyl
ene
N/A
Unaffected
Attacked
Resistant
-40° to + 100°
Blue
Polyester
Attacked
Loss of
strength
Attacked
Attacked
-40° to + 80°
White
Natural
fibers
The material from which the webbing is made shall be identified by the color of the
label itself on which the information is marked. The following label colors shall be
used:
Textile slings

TRAINING ACADEMY
Marking
The marking of the sling shall include at least the following:
1) Identification number
2) The working load limit, in straight lift.
3) The material of the webbing, i.e. polyester, polyamide, polypropylene.
4) Grade of fitting.
5) The nominal length in m.
6) The manufacturer’s name or it’s symbol.
7) The traceability code.
8) The number and relevant Part of the European Standard.
9) Year of manufacturing
10) The factor of safety
Textile slings

TRAINING ACADEMY
IN- SERVICE INSPECTION
1) Surface Chafe.
2) Local abrasion
3) Cuts
4) Chemical attack
Textile slings
The Textile slings must be regularly visually inspected against the defects such as:

TRAINING ACADEMY
5) Heat and friction damage
6) Weld splatter burns
7) Damaged stitching
8) Loose webbing
9) Damaged eyes or terminal fittings
Textile slings

TRAINING ACADEMY
10) Missing or illegible marking
11) Heavy soiling
12) Solar degradation
Textile slings

TRAINING ACADEMY
SAFE USE
1) The sling should be of adequate strength and length.
2) Never exceed the SWL for the particular mode of use.
3) Ensure the compatibility of any ancillary equipment used to sling the load
both in size and capacity.
4) Where more than one sling is used to lift the load, each sling should be
adequate for the share of the load imposed on it taking into account the
slinging method.
5) Do not overcrowd the hook of the lifting appliance.
Textile slings

TRAINING ACADEMY
6) Damage to labels should be prevented by keeping them away from the load.
7) Position the slings correctly. Use packing protection for sharp edges.
Textile slings

TRAINING ACADEMY
8) Webbing sling must not be twisted or crossed in use.
9) Avoid shock loading as it effectively increases the weight of the load and
could result in the lifting equipment being grossly overloaded.
Textile slings

TRAINING ACADEMY
Storage and Handling
When not in use, Textile slings should be inspected for any damage which may have
occurred in use. then returned to proper storage as below:
o Store textile slings on a suitable rack.
o Clean, dry and well ventilated store.
o Free from injurious pollution and extremes of temperature
o Away from the sunlight or source of UV light exposure
o Away from chemical attack such as alkalis
o Away from mechanical damage
o Safe from wet places
Textile slings

TRAINING ACADEMY
Practical

TRAINING ACADEMY
Chain Slings

Types of Chain Slings
TRAINING ACADEMY
Chain Sling

Sling Construction
TRAINING ACADEMY
Chain Sling

TRAINING ACADEMY
Marking
The following information should be permanently and legibly marked on the chain sling:
1. Identification mark
2. SWL
3. Material grade
4. Year of manufacture
5. Name and address of manufacturer
▪ The marking should be either on sustention metal tag permanently attached to the
master link or to a link adjacent to it. It is recommended that ID mark also appear on
the master link to enable the sling’s historical records.
▪ SWL for multileg slings should be expressed in the term of inclination angle from 0º to
45º and from 45º to 60º.
Chain Sling

TRAINING ACADEMY
IN- SERVICE INSPECTION
All chain slings should be visually inspected by competent person prior to use or on a
regular basis. If any of the following faults are present the sling should be withdrawn from
service and referred to a Competent person:
1) Illegible marking
2) Distortion of the top terminal fittings.
3) Stretched chain.
4) Bent or twisted links.
Chain Sling

TRAINING ACADEMY
5) Wear most common at the interlink seats.
6) Opening out of hooks
7) Ineffective safety catches where fitted.
8) Cuts, cracks and excessive corrosion.
Chain Sling

TRAINING ACADEMY
Chain Sling
Safe Use
1) The sling must not be used to lift a load that is in excess of the SWL marked upon the
sling.
2) Ensure the sling hook is compatible with the lifting point. The load should be seated
well down in the sling hook, never on the point, nor wedged in the throat.
3) Chain is designed to support a load in a straight line. Therefore, chain should never be
loaded when twisted or worse, knotted.
4) Sling hooks of multi-leg slings should be positioned so that they face outward from the
load.

TRAINING ACADEMY
Chain Sling
5) When back hooking the sling hook onto the master link or intermediate link to form a
basket hitch, care must be taken to ensure the link is large enough to accept the hook
freely without binding or overcrowding the components already attached to the link.

TRAINING ACADEMY
When not in use chain slings should be returned to proper storage.
General requirement are as follow:
1) Dry free from injures pollution temperature extreme store.
2) Chain sling normally be kept on properly designed rack they should be not be left
lying on the ground after use where they may be damaged or lost.
3) Protect them from corrosion keep them cleaned and dried.
4) They shall not be dropped thrown down when being transported they should be
dragged across the floor surface.
Chain Sling

TRAINING ACADEMY
5) Care must be taken to the chain slings which are lift on the crane
hook to ensure they don’t present danger to persons or property.
6) When one or more legs of multi leg slings are not being used ensure that they are
hocked back to the master link.
Chain Sling

TRAINING ACADEMY
Practical

TRAINING ACADEMY
Eyebolts

TRAINING ACADEMY
Types of Eyebolts
Eyebolts
Collar Eyebolt

TRAINING ACADEMY
Eyebolts
Dynamo Eyebolt

TRAINING ACADEMY
Eyebolts
Eyebolt with link

TRAINING ACADEMY
Marking
The following information should be permanently and legibly marked on each
eyebolt:-
1. Identification mark.
2. Safe working load.
3. Quality ie grade.
4. Screw thread type such as (M, BSW and UNC).
5. Year manufacture
Eyebolts

TRAINING ACADEMY
All Eyebolts should be visually inspected by competent person prior to use or on a regular
basis. If any of the following faults are present the eyebolts should be withdrawn from
service and referred to a Competent person:
1) Distortion
2) Thread worn
3) Damage
4) SWL, thread identification and
identification markings missing or illegible.
Eyebolts

TRAINING ACADEMY
Safe Use
Eyebolts
NEVER force in or over-tighten eyebolts
NEVER exceed the recommended ANGLES of loading
NEVER reeve slings through pairs of eyebolts

TRAINING ACADEMY
Eyebolts
Fitting the Eyebolt
1) Eyebolts should only be fitted by a trained person.
2) Inspect the eyebolt and tapped hole before fitting the eyebolt.
3) Ensure that the contacting surface around the tapped hole is smooth and
clean.
4) Ensure that the tapped hole has a fully formed thread and a long enough threaded
portion to engage with the full length of the eyebolt shank.
Attaching the Lifting Gear
1) Collar eyebolts without links need a shackle for connection to a hook.
2) If a single eyebolt is used for lifting a load which is liable to revolve or twist, a swivel
or swivel type hook should be used to prevent the eyebolt unscrewing.

TRAINING ACADEMY
Eyebolts
3) Ensure that eyebolts are not overloaded due to the method of slinging, especially
when used in pairs. A sling should not be reeved through the eyebolts or shackles as
by this method the loading in the eyebolt is considerably increased.

TRAINING ACADEMY
When not in use eye bolts should be returned to proper storage.
2) Protect them from corrosion keep them cleaned and dried.
3) Eyebolts should be lightly oiled or greased to prevent corrosion.
Eyebolts

TRAINING ACADEMY
Shackles

TRAINING ACADEMY
Shackles
A shackle is regarded as a lifting accessory consisting of a body and pin. The
nomenclature used for parts of the shackle is as shown below:

TRAINING ACADEMY
Types of Shackles
➢ Dee Shackle:
➢ Bow Shackle
Shackles

TRAINING ACADEMY
Marking
Each shackle shall be legibly and indelibly marked. This marking shall include at
least the following information placed on the shackle by the manufacturer:
1) Working load limit in tonnes e.g. WLL 4,75
2) Grade
3) The manufacturer's name, symbol or code;
4) Traceability code.
Shackles

TRAINING ACADEMY
All Shackles should be visually inspected by competent person prior to use or on a regular basis.
If any of from the following faults are present the shackles should be withdrawn service and
referred to a Competent person:
1) SWL and ID is missing or unreadable.
2) Incorrect pin.
3) Thread damage on pin or tapped eye.
4) Distorted in body or pin.
5) Wear in body or pin.
6) Nicks, gouges, cracks and corrosion.
Shackles

TRAINING ACADEMY
Safe Use
1) Select the correct type and capacity of the shackle for the particular application.
2) Before use, check the shackle’s body and pin are both identifiable with the same
quality grade.
3) Ensure that the pin is correctly screwed into the shackle eye and the collar of the pin
is fully seated on the shackle eye.
4) Ensure the correct pin length, it shall penetrate the full depth of the screwed eye.
5) If the pin does not seat correctly it may be bent or the thread may be too tight or the
pin hole out of alignment. Don’t use the shackle and refer to the competent person.
Shackles

TRAINING ACADEMY
6) Never replace a shackle pin with
a bolt.
Shackles

TRAINING ACADEMY
7) Avoid applications where, due to movement of the load or rope, the shackle
pin can roll and possibly unscrew.
Shackles

TRAINING ACADEMY
8) When a shackle is used to connect two slings to the hook of a lifting machine, it
should be a Bow type shackle assembled with the slings in the shackle body
and the hook engaged with the shackle pin.
Shackles

TRAINING ACADEMY
9) The selection of the shape of the shackle body will depend on the intended
use.
Dee shackles are , in general, used to join two pieces of lifting equipment.
Bow shackles are, in general, used where more than one attachment is to be
made to the body.
Shackles

TRAINING ACADEMY
When not in use shackles should be returned to proper storage.
2) Shackles should not be dropped or thrown down.
3) Care should be taken to avoid damage to the screw threads.
4) Ensure that the shackle is fitted with correct pin before storage.
Shackles

TRAINING ACADEMY
Practical

110
The use of manual lifting
appliances and accessories
GES-R&S- JUNE 2020
TRAINING ACADEMY

BEAM CLAMPS
111
GES-R&S- JUNE 2020
TRAINING ACADEMY

Beam Clamp
112
The beam clamp is a device designed to
attach to a suitable steel beam section
to provide a means of suspension for a
lifting appliance.
GES-R&S- JUNE 2020
TRAINING ACADEMY

TYPES OF BEAM CLAMP
113
GES-R&S- JUNE 2020
TRAINING ACADEMY
1) Adjustable type Beam Clamps

TYPES OF BEAM CLAMP
114
GES-R&S- JUNE 2020
TRAINING ACADEMY
2) Non-adjustable type Beam Clamps

Marking
115
1) Identification mark.
2) Working load limit or SWL.
3) Width of beam for which the clamp is designed or, in the case of an adjustable
clamp, the range of widths and the section of beam if applicable.
4) Toe thickness of beam if applicable.
5) Year of manufacture
6) Name and address of manufacturer
GES-R&S- JUNE 2020
TRAINING ACADEMY

Inspection
116
1) In the case of a clamp in-situ, distortion of beam to which clamp is attached.
2) Distortion of any part of the clamp.
3) Cracks especially at bends or changes of section, nicks, gouges and corrosion.
4) Wear at application and suspension points, pins, pivots and other moving parts.
5) Insecure locking arrangements including substitute nuts and bolts where used.
6) Illegible SWL or other markings.
GES-R&S- JUNE 2020
TRAINING ACADEMY

PLATE HANDLING CLAMPS
117
GES-R&S- JUNE 2020
TRAINING ACADEMY

TYPES OF PLATE HANDLING CLAMPS
118
GES-R&S- JUNE 2020
TRAINING ACADEMY
Type (1) - Clamps Lifting From the Edge of the Plate by Friction

TYPES OF PLATE HANDLING CLAMPS
119
GES-R&S- JUNE 2020
TRAINING ACADEMY
Type (2) - Clamps Lifting Horizontally

Marking
120
1) Range of SWL in straight pull and, where applicable, also at an angle to the side
plate of the clamp, specifying the angle.
3) Range of plate thickness permitted.
4) Business name and address of the manufacturer.
5) Permissible gripping range.
GES-R&S- JUNE 2020
TRAINING ACADEMY

Horizontal Plate must be lifted using at least 2 clamps.
Use spreader bars with long or flexible plates.
Safe Use
121
GES-R&S- JUNE 2020
TRAINING ACADEMY

HAND OPERATED CHAIN HOISTS
122
GES-R&S- JUNE 2020
TRAINING ACADEMY

HAND OPERATED CHAIN HOISTS
123
Chain hoist used in lifting operation. It has two hooks one at the top to
connected to lifting equipment ( pad eye, trolley or crane hook with a
shackle), Second hook at the bottom to lift the load.
GES-R&S- JUNE 2020
TRAINING ACADEMY

TYPES OF HAND OPERATED CHAIN HOIST
124
GES-R&S- JUNE 2020
TRAINING ACADEMY

CHAIN HOIST PARTS
125
GES-R&S- JUNE 2020
TRAINING ACADEMY

Inspection
126
▪ SWL and ID is missing or unreadable.
▪ The load chain is worn or damaged.
▪ Obvious signs of ‘opening out’ of hooks.
▪ Obvious signs of damage to the slack end anchor which
connects the load chain to the hoist casing or to the load
chain stop where one is fitted.
▪ The hand chain is worn or damaged
▪ General damage to the hoist body, including any gear covers
or chain guides.
GES-R&S- JUNE 2020
TRAINING ACADEMY

Inspection
127
Check top Hook
Safety Latch
Check Data(ID, SWL)
Check Chain
Check bottom Hook
Safety Latch
Check Body
Check Chain end
GES-R&S- JUNE 2020
TRAINING ACADEMY

Marking
128
1- ID Number
2- SWL
3- Size and grade of the load chain
4- Name of maker or supplier
5- Year of Manufacture
GES-R&S- JUNE 2020
TRAINING ACADEMY

129
GES-R&S- JUNE 2020
TRAINING ACADEMY
1) Raise the bottom hook
2) Wrap the load chain
3) Wrap the hand chain
4) Secure the ends

TRAINING ACADEMY
Practical

HAND OPERATED CHAIN LEVER HOISTS
131
GES-R&S- JUNE 2020
TRAINING ACADEMY

HAND OPERATED CHAIN LEVER HOISTS
132
Lever Hoist used in lifting operation. It has two
hooks one at the top to connected to lifting
equipment ( pad eye, trolley or crane hook
with a shackle), Second hook at the bottom to
lift the load.
GES-R&S- JUNE 2020
TRAINING ACADEMY

Inspection
133
GES-R&S- JUNE 2020
TRAINING ACADEMY
▪ SWL and ID is missing or unreadable.
▪ The load chain is worn or damaged.
▪ Obvious signs of ‘opening out’ of hooks.
▪ Obvious signs of damage to the slack end anchor which
connects the load chain to the hoist casing or to the load
chain stop where one is fitted.
▪ The hand chain is worn or damaged
▪ General damage to the hoist body, including any gear covers
or chain guides.

Inspection
134
Check top Hook
Check bottom Hook
Safety Latch
Safety Latch
Check Data(ID, SWL
Check Body
Check Chain
Check hand
Check Safety Link
GES-R&S- JUNE 2020
TRAINING ACADEMY

Marking
135
GES-R&S- JUNE 2020
TRAINING ACADEMY
1- ID Number
2- SWL
3- Size and grade of the load chain
(in the case of link chain).
4- Name of maker or supplier
5- Year of Manufacture

136
Discuss
GES-R&S- JUNE 2020
TRAINING ACADEMY

Discuss
137
GES-R&S- JUNE 2020
TRAINING ACADEMY

TRAVELLING GIRDER TROLLEYS
138
GES-R&S- JUNE 2020
TRAINING ACADEMY

TRAVELLING GIRDER TROLLEYS
139
GES-R&S- JUNE 2020
TRAINING ACADEMY
▪ Girder trolleys are generally used as a means of moving a load suspended a
on structural section in conjunction with a hand or power operated lifting
appliance.
▪ They are therefore commonly used on runways, jib cranes, mobile gantries
and overhead travelling cranes.

140
TYPES OF GIRDER TROLLEY
GES-R&S- JUNE 2020
TRAINING ACADEMY
1) Combined hoist and trolley

141
GES-R&S- JUNE 2020
TRAINING ACADEMY
2) Rigid hand pushed trolley

142
GES-R&S- JUNE 2020
TRAINING ACADEMY
3) Multiple trolley with hook suspended chain hoist

Marking
143
The following information should be permanently and legibly marked on a suitable part
of the trolley:
2) SWL or rated capacity.
3) An indication as to whether it is suitable for hand or power operated lifting appliances.
4) The width of the runway beam for which the trolley is designed or, in the case of an
adjustable trolley, the range of widths.
6) Name and address of manufacturer.
GES-R&S- JUNE 2020
TRAINING ACADEMY

Inspection
144
1) Appreciable wear of the trolley wheel treads and bearings or damage to flanges.
2) Insecurity of the wheels and axle pins.
3) Distortion, particularly in the side plates and load bar.
4) Wear on load bearing points.
5) Cracked or defective welding.
6) Incorrectly substituted components.
7) Worn, corroded or damaged hand chain particularly on the bearing surface on the
inside of the links but also the outside of the links, bearing in mind possible injury to
the operatives’ hands.
8) Illegible SWL or other markings.
GES-R&S- JUNE 2020
TRAINING ACADEMY

Discuss
145
GES-R&S- JUNE 2020
TRAINING ACADEMY

Discuss
146
GES-R&S- JUNE 2020
TRAINING ACADEMY

JACKS
147
GES-R&S- JUNE 2020
TRAINING ACADEMY

JACKS
148
GES-R&S- JUNE 2020
TRAINING ACADEMY
TYPES OF JACK
1) Hydraulic Jacks:
- Hydraulic jacks use oil as the lifting medium, the body of the jack acting as a
reservoir for the oil. When the jack is operated, oil is passed under pressure through
a system of non-return valves to the base of the ram chamber
- Hydraulic jack bodies are commonly manufactured from aluminium, steel or cast
iron. The material used affects the design, size, self-weight and capacity of the jack.

JACKS
149
GES-R&S- JUNE 2020
TRAINING ACADEMY
2) Mechanical Jacks:
- Mechanical jacks use ratchet, screw or gear mechanisms as the lifting medium.
Reversal of the mechanism is used to lower the jack.
- Mechanical jacks are usually manufactured from cast ferrous materials although
some models are available manufactured from aluminium.

MARKING
150
GES-R&S- JUNE 2020
TRAINING ACADEMY
The following information should be permanently and legibly marked on a suitable
part or parts of the jack:
(1) Identification mark(s).
(2) Capacity, i.e. maximum load to be lifted on head and/or toe.
(3) Name of manufacturer or supplier.
(4) Year of manufacture.

SAFE USE OF JACKS
151
GES-R&S- JUNE 2020
TRAINING ACADEMY
In addition to any specific instructions relating to the safe use of the jack issued by
the manufacturer, the following points should be observed:
1) In many cases, it will not be possible for the operatives to see all of the load and
it will be necessary to have a Responsible Person in charge of the operation to
ensure the load is kept level and that each jack carries its correct share of the
load within the limits of operation.
2) The floor must be capable of withstanding the load that will be imposed on it by
the jacks. Where necessary, floor plates should be positioned under the jacks to
spread the load over a wider area.
3) The surface on which the jack is to be placed should be level and even, allowing
the base of the jack to sit firmly without any tendency to rock or tilt. If necessary,
suitable floor plates or packers should be used to ensure this condition.

SAFE USE OF JACKS
152
GES-R&S- JUNE 2020
TRAINING ACADEMY
4) The jacking point on the load must be carefully selected so as to ensure the
jacking operation does not damage the load.
5) Never raise a load higher than is necessary. Use suitable packers to ensure the
load will not tilt or fall in the event of a jack failure.
6) Jacking operations are often carried out in confined spaces as no other means of
lifting can gain easy access. Care must be taken to ensure operatives do not
become trapped or pinned by the movement of the load and that they always
have a clear exit.
7) Under no circumstances should anyone be permitted to work or climb on a load
which is supported by jacks.

SNATCH / SHEAVE BLOCK
153
GES-R&S- JUNE 2020
TRAINING ACADEMY

154
GES-R&S- JUNE 2020
TRAINING ACADEMY
TYPES OF SNATCH BLOCKS
1) Snatch Block with Hook:
Normally used with wire rope hoists and winches during temporary applications.

155
GES-R&S- JUNE 2020
TRAINING ACADEMY
2) Snatch Block with Shackle:
Used in permanent and temporary rigging applications.

MARKING
156
GES-R&S- JUNE 2020
TRAINING ACADEMY
The following information should be permanently and legibly marked on the
snatch/sheave block:
1) Type
2) Size of block
3) Size of wire line to be used
4) Working load limit
5) The manufacturer’s name
6) Identification mark(s).

SAFE USE OF SNATCH BLOCKS
157
GES-R&S- JUNE 2020
TRAINING ACADEMY
In addition to any specific instructions relating to the safe use of the jack issued by
the manufacturer, the following points should be observed:
1) ALWAYS inform yourself … Ask your employer for the Snatch Block safe use
instructions.
2) ALWAYS comply with applicable Federal and local regulations.
3) ALWAYS know applied lift system load.
4) NEVER use a Snatch Block without training.
5) NEVER use a Snatch Block without a legible product identifer.
6) NEVER overload a Snatch Block.

SAFE USE OF SNATCH BLOCKS
158
GES-R&S- JUNE 2020
TRAINING ACADEMY
7) NEVER ride on a Snatch Block or load.
8) NEVER rig a Snatch Block improperly.
9) NEVER use a worn – out or damaged Snatch Block.
10) NEVER use a Snatch Block in extreme temperatures.
11) NEVER use a Snatch Block in alkaline acidic conditions

TRAINING ACADEMY
Calculations

TRAINING ACADEMY
Calculations
It’s importance of knowing the weight
of a load to be lifted.
LOAD WEIGHT

HOW CAN YOU FIND THE WEIGHT?
TRAINING ACADEMY
Calculations
The following gives guidance as to the various ways of obtaining this information.
1. Look to see if the weight is marked on the load. If it is, check to ensure that it is
the weight of all parts of the load.
2. Check the weight stated on any documentation.
3. Look at a drawing of the load. If the weight is marked, check as in (1) above to
ensure it includes all parts of the load.
4. If the load is still on a trailer or truck, weigh it on a weighbridge.
5. Estimate the weight of the load using tables of weights.

TRAINING ACADEMY
Calculations
3. Look at a drawing of the load. If the weight is marked, check as in (1) above to
ensure it includes all parts of the load.
4. If the load is still on a trailer or truck, weigh it on a weighbridge.
5. Estimate the weight of the load using tables of weights.

TRAINING ACADEMY
Calculations

TRAINING ACADEMY
Calculations
Block volume = 0.61 x 0.61 x 1.83 = 0.681 m³
Weight = 0.681 x 800 kgs = 544.8 kgs
544.8 Kgs = 0.54 tonnes
Wood weighs roughly 800 Kgs
per cubic metre (m³)
0.61m
0.61m
WEIGHT OF A WOOD BLOCK

TRAINING ACADEMY
Calculations
VOLUMES OF COMMON SHAPES

TRAINING ACADEMY
It can be determined by measuring the diagonal distance between the
two lifting points then multiply the result by 0.707.
Example:
Diagonal distance between the two lifting points: 5M
Sling length as minimum = 5 x 0.707 = 3.53M
Sling length
Sling SWL
It can be determined by multiplying the Maximum gross weight of the
load by 1.3.
Example:
Maximum gross weight of the load = 5 Ton
Sling SWL as minimum = 5 x 1.3 = 6.5 T (Assembly sling)
Calculations
Slings and Shackles Calculations

TRAINING ACADEMY
Sling SWL
For single slings:
In case of using two slings: 6.5 ÷ 1.4 = 4.6 t
In case of using Three or four slings: 6.5 ÷ 2.1 = 3.1 t
Shackle size and SWL
▪ The shackle should be equal or greater than the sling leg which
attached to it.
▪ Ensure to use the suitable and safe size to avoid any jamming or
distortion.
Calculations

TRAINING ACADEMY
Practical

TRAINING ACADEMY
Balance and stability

TRAINING ACADEMY
CENTRE OF GRAVITY (C of G)
The center of gravity is the point about which the parts of a body exactly balance
each other.
With a regularly shaped load the position of the center of gravity can easily be judged by
measuring out the midpoint in each direction.

TRAINING ACADEMY

TRAINING ACADEMY
Safe Use of Tag Lines

TRAINING ACADEMY
▪ Tag lines should be used in pairs and are “soft” lines (usually polypropylene).
They should be made up from single / continual lengths of rope, i.e. no joining
knots.
▪ Tag lines should be tied to the load and NOT the rigging / accessories.
▪ Tag lines should only be used in normal operating conditions and not as a
control to enable lifting operations to be carried out in adverse weather
conditions.

TRAINING ACADEMY
Do not wrap a tag line around your
hand.

TRAINING ACADEMY
Do not wrap or tie a tag line to an
adjacent structure.

TRAINING ACADEMY
To avoid walking under the load…
Always use a boat hook to retrieve
the tag line.

TRAINING ACADEMY
To avoid trapped hands and fingers…
Always use a push / pull pole

TRAINING ACADEMY
Never allow tag line to coil around
your feet.

TRAINING ACADEMY
Practical

TRAINING ACADEMY
Slinging Guidelines

TRAINING ACADEMY
Slinging Guidelines
Only bundle together tubulars of the
same diameter. If you mix them up,
the smaller ones will slide out if the
bundle gets jarred or tilted.

TRAINING ACADEMY
Slinging Guidelines
Never hammer down the choke hitch
to tighten it. This will increase the
effective sling angle and weaken the
sling.

TRAINING ACADEMY
Slinging Guidelines
The slings should be positioned so
that they are a quarter of the tubular
length in from each end.

TRAINING ACADEMY
Slinging Guidelines
When landing the load, use timber
packing to prevent the slings being
crushed by the weight of the load.

TRAINING ACADEMY
Slinging Guidelines

Avoid lashing legs and accidental
hook-ups
TRAINING ACADEMY
Slinging Guidelines

Ensure that round loads are
chocked to prevent rolling
TRAINING ACADEMY
Slinging Guidelines

TRAINING ACADEMY
Slinging Guidelines

TRAINING ACADEMY
Lifting Operation Awareness

TRAINING ACADEMY
Always keep hands clear of rigging as
slack is taken up.

TRAINING ACADEMY
Avoid placing tubulars next to tanks.

TRAINING ACADEMY
Avoid stand or walk between a load
and a solid wall.

TRAINING ACADEMY
All outriggers must be fully
extended
Correct Position
No wheels are carrying load

The outriggers mats should be rigid
and completely support the total area.
TRAINING ACADEMY

Don’t stand under suspended loads
TRAINING ACADEMY

Don’t sit, stand or climb on the
platform guard rails
TRAINING ACADEMY

TRAINING ACADEMY
Performing the Lifting Operation

1) General Safety Precautions
TRAINING ACADEMY
Lifts utilising lifting appliances and accessories shall not commence unless:
• A suitable PTW has been generated, and the written lift plan.
• The weight of the load is known and verified.
• The load does not exceed the capacity of the lifting equipment.
• Operators of all lifting equipment have been trained and certified for that equipment.
• Rigging of the load is carried out by a competent person.
• Lifting equipment has been certified for use and colour coded.

2) Personnel Safety Precautions
TRAINING ACADEMY
The following general safety precautions shall be followed by all personnel who are
involved in lifting operations:
• All lifting equipment shall be subjected to a suitable pre-use inspection by the user prior to
use.
• All lifting components shall be operated within manufacturer specifications.
• Documentation of operator training shall be provided.
• Lifting equipment and work areas shall be kept free of oil, grease, and trash.
• All personnel shall wear the required PPE.
• Personnel shall not walk under a suspended load.

3) Toolbox Talk
TRAINING ACADEMY
The appointed person shall hold a pre lift meeting / Toolbox Talk (TBT) with all personnel
involved in the lifting operation to ensure that all members of the work party are aware of
the scope of work and shall be signed by all.
4) Arrival on Site
➢ All cranes / mobile appliances arriving on site shall have current inspection / examination
certification.
➢ The mobile appliance operator shall have:
▪ The appropriate operator’s license and training certificates relating to the equipment he is
to operate.
▪ Current valid duty / load radius charts for the crane / configuration being used for the lift.

5) Crane / Mobile Appliance Set Up Requirements
TRAINING ACADEMY
• All mobile appliance fitted with outriggers must be set up level.
• Wheels must be clear of the ground at all times.
• Outrigger load spreader mats shall be used for every lift.
• All cranes / mobile appliances require adequate space for the correct deployment of
outriggers. In addition, each crane shall be able to slew and manoeuvre the load with
adequate clearance from obstructions.

TRAINING ACADEMY
▪ All lifting operations shall be conducted following the agreed lift plan.
▪ Personnel shall have an escape route in case of an unexpected movement of the load or
equipment. Barriers may be required for this.
▪ Never use lifting equipment in excess of its rated capacity and always ensure that the
lifting equipment remains in a stable condition throughout the lift.
▪ During the lift, all personnel involved shall have the responsibility to stop the lifting
operation at any time if they believe that the operation could, or has, become unsafe or
there is a change to the agreed lift plan.
6) Conducting the Lift
7) Supervision
All lifting operations shall be appropriately supervised.

TRAINING ACADEMY
The hand signals must be:
▪ Clear.
▪ Understood by both the Banks Man and Crane Operator.
▪ Clearly visible.
▪ Continuous.
Crane operator must take all signals only from Banks Man but only in case of
emergency can take the signal (Emergency Stop) from any one.
8) Communications
The communication method should be clearly established and understood by all parties
concerned.
➢ Hand Signals
➢ Phone or radio signals

9) Landing the Load
TRAINING ACADEMY
Personnel must remain clear of the landing area during this part of the lifting operation,
and may only approach the load once it has been lowered to below waist height. Only at
this point can the load be handled by the Slinger / Load Handler.
10) Completion of the Lift
▪ Once the task has been completed, the load shall be de-rigged of all lifting equipment
and the crane folded up.
▪ Prior to leaving site, all personnel shall ensure that all equipment is removed the work
area is clean and tidy.

TRAINING ACADEMY
Practical

TRAINING ACADEMY

Rigging & Slinging Training Course.pdf

More Related Content

What's hot

Similar to Rigging & Slinging Training Course.pdf

Recently uploaded

Rigging & Slinging Training Course.pdf