SlideShare a Scribd company logo
Multilingual challenges
for accessing digitized culture online
Antoine Isaac
Multilingual Digital Single Market Riga Summit, 28 April 2015
Europe’s platform to access cultural heritage
42M objects
and counting
Built on metadata from a broad network
Museums
National Aggregators
Regional
AggregatorsArchives
Thematic projects
Libraries
Musées
Lausannois
Culture.fr
The European
Library
APEX
LinkedHeritage Europeana Fashion
2,300 museums, archives and libraries
A platform for access and re-use
Data from all over EU
top 16
Items from 36 countries
Metadata in 33 languages
Data from all over EU
(Re-)users from all over EU
Portal in 31 languages
Data access from anywhere
Diversity of domains makes it hard
 Data is heterogeneous
 Makes it harder to train tools
Diversity of applications makes it harder
 Display
 Search
 Data services
….
Some issues for applying language
technology for online culture
 Typical queries are very short
 Identification of query language is not easy, even
manually
 Plenty of named entities (persons, places…)
Studies by Humboldt University on Europeana and The European Library
http://www.clef-initiative.eu/documents/71612/86374/CLEF2010wn-LogCLEF-StillerEt2010.pdf
Progress and issues – data enrichment
Problems of multilingual enrichment
Problems of multilingual enrichment
Poisonous India or the Importance of a Semantic and
Multilingual Enrichment Strategy
Marlies Olensky, Juliane Stiller, Evelyn Dröge, MTSR 2012
http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-642-
35233-1_25
Exploiting multilingual data from partners
Problems need pooling resources
 From cultural heritage sector
 From language technology industry
 EU level: Horizon2020 projects, DSIs
• MT@EU
 National level
• Cooperation Tilde & Latvian Ministry of Culture
Being open
 Open source and open data, as much as possible!
 Sharing the word about problems and solutions
EuropeanaTech Insight first issue on multilingualism
Thank you!
Antoine Isaac
antoine.isaac@europeana.eu
@EuropeanaEU

More Related Content

What's hot

Europeana, more than data aggregation?
Europeana, more than data aggregation?Europeana, more than data aggregation?
Europeana, more than data aggregation?
Antoine Isaac
 
Europeana @ NISO Bibliographic Roadmap Meeting
Europeana @ NISO Bibliographic Roadmap MeetingEuropeana @ NISO Bibliographic Roadmap Meeting
Europeana @ NISO Bibliographic Roadmap Meeting
Antoine Isaac
 
Wikidata, a target for Europeana's semantic strategy - GLAM-WIKI 2015
Wikidata, a target for Europeana's semantic strategy - GLAM-WIKI 2015Wikidata, a target for Europeana's semantic strategy - GLAM-WIKI 2015
Wikidata, a target for Europeana's semantic strategy - GLAM-WIKI 2015
Antoine Isaac
 
EuropeanaTech update - Europeana AGM 2015
EuropeanaTech update - Europeana AGM 2015EuropeanaTech update - Europeana AGM 2015
EuropeanaTech update - Europeana AGM 2015
Antoine Isaac
 
Europeana - American Art Collaborative LOD Meeting
Europeana - American Art Collaborative LOD MeetingEuropeana - American Art Collaborative LOD Meeting
Europeana - American Art Collaborative LOD Meeting
Antoine Isaac
 
AAC Education Session
AAC Education Session AAC Education Session
AAC Education Session
Antoine Isaac
 
Linking data for Europeana
Linking data for EuropeanaLinking data for Europeana
Linking data for Europeana
Antoine Isaac
 
Enriching Cultural Heritage Data with DBpedia
Enriching Cultural Heritage Data with DBpediaEnriching Cultural Heritage Data with DBpedia
Enriching Cultural Heritage Data with DBpedia
Antoine Isaac
 
Culture Hack panel SXSW 2013
Culture Hack panel SXSW 2013Culture Hack panel SXSW 2013
Culture Hack panel SXSW 2013
Antoine Isaac
 
W3C Library Linked Data Incubator Group - 2011
W3C Library Linked Data Incubator Group  - 2011W3C Library Linked Data Incubator Group  - 2011
W3C Library Linked Data Incubator Group - 2011
Antoine Isaac
 
Archaeology in Europeana’s publishing framework
Archaeology in Europeana’s publishing frameworkArchaeology in Europeana’s publishing framework
Archaeology in Europeana’s publishing framework
CARARE
 
Linked Data for EuropeanaCultural Heritage: the Europeana approach
Linked Data for EuropeanaCultural Heritage: the Europeana approachLinked Data for EuropeanaCultural Heritage: the Europeana approach
Linked Data for EuropeanaCultural Heritage: the Europeana approach
Valentine Charles
 
EIFL 2014 - Linked Open Data
EIFL 2014 - Linked Open DataEIFL 2014 - Linked Open Data
EIFL 2014 - Linked Open Data
Antoine Isaac
 
Introduction to CARARE
Introduction to CARAREIntroduction to CARARE
Introduction to CARARE
CARARE
 
Europeana and Schema.org - DC2013
Europeana and Schema.org - DC2013Europeana and Schema.org - DC2013
Europeana and Schema.org - DC2013
Antoine Isaac
 
Europeana bergen may2010_dovwiner
Europeana bergen may2010_dovwinerEuropeana bergen may2010_dovwiner
Europeana bergen may2010_dovwinerDov Winer
 
Achieving Interoperability between the CARARE Schema for Monuments and Sites ...
Achieving Interoperability between the CARARE Schema for Monuments and Sites ...Achieving Interoperability between the CARARE Schema for Monuments and Sites ...
Achieving Interoperability between the CARARE Schema for Monuments and Sites ...
Antoine Isaac
 
Exploiting vocabularies and Linked Data: in practice
Exploiting vocabularies and Linked Data: in practiceExploiting vocabularies and Linked Data: in practice
Exploiting vocabularies and Linked Data: in practice
CARARE
 
Open Science, Open Data: towards a new transparent and reproducible ecosystem
Open Science, Open Data:   towards a new transparent and reproducible ecosystemOpen Science, Open Data:   towards a new transparent and reproducible ecosystem
Open Science, Open Data: towards a new transparent and reproducible ecosystem
LIBER Europe
 
Designing a multilingual knowledge graph - DCMI2018
Designing a multilingual knowledge graph - DCMI2018Designing a multilingual knowledge graph - DCMI2018
Designing a multilingual knowledge graph - DCMI2018
Antoine Isaac
 

What's hot (20)

Europeana, more than data aggregation?
Europeana, more than data aggregation?Europeana, more than data aggregation?
Europeana, more than data aggregation?
 
Europeana @ NISO Bibliographic Roadmap Meeting
Europeana @ NISO Bibliographic Roadmap MeetingEuropeana @ NISO Bibliographic Roadmap Meeting
Europeana @ NISO Bibliographic Roadmap Meeting
 
Wikidata, a target for Europeana's semantic strategy - GLAM-WIKI 2015
Wikidata, a target for Europeana's semantic strategy - GLAM-WIKI 2015Wikidata, a target for Europeana's semantic strategy - GLAM-WIKI 2015
Wikidata, a target for Europeana's semantic strategy - GLAM-WIKI 2015
 
EuropeanaTech update - Europeana AGM 2015
EuropeanaTech update - Europeana AGM 2015EuropeanaTech update - Europeana AGM 2015
EuropeanaTech update - Europeana AGM 2015
 
Europeana - American Art Collaborative LOD Meeting
Europeana - American Art Collaborative LOD MeetingEuropeana - American Art Collaborative LOD Meeting
Europeana - American Art Collaborative LOD Meeting
 
AAC Education Session
AAC Education Session AAC Education Session
AAC Education Session
 
Linking data for Europeana
Linking data for EuropeanaLinking data for Europeana
Linking data for Europeana
 
Enriching Cultural Heritage Data with DBpedia
Enriching Cultural Heritage Data with DBpediaEnriching Cultural Heritage Data with DBpedia
Enriching Cultural Heritage Data with DBpedia
 
Culture Hack panel SXSW 2013
Culture Hack panel SXSW 2013Culture Hack panel SXSW 2013
Culture Hack panel SXSW 2013
 
W3C Library Linked Data Incubator Group - 2011
W3C Library Linked Data Incubator Group  - 2011W3C Library Linked Data Incubator Group  - 2011
W3C Library Linked Data Incubator Group - 2011
 
Archaeology in Europeana’s publishing framework
Archaeology in Europeana’s publishing frameworkArchaeology in Europeana’s publishing framework
Archaeology in Europeana’s publishing framework
 
Linked Data for EuropeanaCultural Heritage: the Europeana approach
Linked Data for EuropeanaCultural Heritage: the Europeana approachLinked Data for EuropeanaCultural Heritage: the Europeana approach
Linked Data for EuropeanaCultural Heritage: the Europeana approach
 
EIFL 2014 - Linked Open Data
EIFL 2014 - Linked Open DataEIFL 2014 - Linked Open Data
EIFL 2014 - Linked Open Data
 
Introduction to CARARE
Introduction to CARAREIntroduction to CARARE
Introduction to CARARE
 
Europeana and Schema.org - DC2013
Europeana and Schema.org - DC2013Europeana and Schema.org - DC2013
Europeana and Schema.org - DC2013
 
Europeana bergen may2010_dovwiner
Europeana bergen may2010_dovwinerEuropeana bergen may2010_dovwiner
Europeana bergen may2010_dovwiner
 
Achieving Interoperability between the CARARE Schema for Monuments and Sites ...
Achieving Interoperability between the CARARE Schema for Monuments and Sites ...Achieving Interoperability between the CARARE Schema for Monuments and Sites ...
Achieving Interoperability between the CARARE Schema for Monuments and Sites ...
 
Exploiting vocabularies and Linked Data: in practice
Exploiting vocabularies and Linked Data: in practiceExploiting vocabularies and Linked Data: in practice
Exploiting vocabularies and Linked Data: in practice
 
Open Science, Open Data: towards a new transparent and reproducible ecosystem
Open Science, Open Data:   towards a new transparent and reproducible ecosystemOpen Science, Open Data:   towards a new transparent and reproducible ecosystem
Open Science, Open Data: towards a new transparent and reproducible ecosystem
 
Designing a multilingual knowledge graph - DCMI2018
Designing a multilingual knowledge graph - DCMI2018Designing a multilingual knowledge graph - DCMI2018
Designing a multilingual knowledge graph - DCMI2018
 

Viewers also liked

Europeana APIs
Europeana APIsEuropeana APIs
Europeana APIs
Antoine Isaac
 
Networked books and networked reading
Networked books and networked readingNetworked books and networked reading
Networked books and networked readingCamille Hartsell
 
Implementing the Media Fragments URI Specification
Implementing the Media Fragments URI SpecificationImplementing the Media Fragments URI Specification
Implementing the Media Fragments URI Specification
Raphael Troncy
 
Interlinking Multimedia: How to Apply Linked Data Principles to Multimedia F...
Interlinking Multimedia: How to Apply Linked Data Principles to Multimedia F...Interlinking Multimedia: How to Apply Linked Data Principles to Multimedia F...
Interlinking Multimedia: How to Apply Linked Data Principles to Multimedia F...
Raphael Troncy
 
Finding media illustrating events
Finding media illustrating eventsFinding media illustrating events
Finding media illustrating events
Raphael Troncy
 
NISO Annual Report of 2012 Activities
NISO Annual Report of 2012 ActivitiesNISO Annual Report of 2012 Activities
NISO Annual Report of 2012 Activities
National Information Standards Organization (NISO)
 
Europeana and RDF data validation
Europeana and RDF data validationEuropeana and RDF data validation
Europeana and RDF data validation
Antoine Isaac
 
NISO's Standards Update & Annual Membership Meeting
NISO's Standards Update & Annual Membership MeetingNISO's Standards Update & Annual Membership Meeting
NISO's Standards Update & Annual Membership Meeting
National Information Standards Organization (NISO)
 
ALA2009_Andy Weissberg (Bowker)
ALA2009_Andy Weissberg (Bowker)ALA2009_Andy Weissberg (Bowker)
ALA2009_Andy Weissberg (Bowker)bisg
 
Progress Report on Government Linked Data Worldwide
Progress Report on Government Linked Data WorldwideProgress Report on Government Linked Data Worldwide
Progress Report on Government Linked Data Worldwide
3 Round Stones
 
Expanding the Possible: What’s New and Upcoming in Standards and Technologies...
Expanding the Possible: What’s New and Upcoming in Standards and Technologies...Expanding the Possible: What’s New and Upcoming in Standards and Technologies...
Expanding the Possible: What’s New and Upcoming in Standards and Technologies...
National Information Standards Organization (NISO)
 
Carpenter Library Assessment Conference Presentation
Carpenter Library Assessment Conference PresentationCarpenter Library Assessment Conference Presentation
Carpenter Library Assessment Conference Presentation
National Information Standards Organization (NISO)
 
Uncork Your Licenses!
Uncork Your Licenses! Uncork Your Licenses!
Intro D2D Paper ER&L Feb 2015
Intro D2D Paper ER&L Feb 2015Intro D2D Paper ER&L Feb 2015
NASIG 2014: Actions and Updates on the Standards and Best Practices Front
NASIG 2014: Actions and Updates on the Standards and Best Practices FrontNASIG 2014: Actions and Updates on the Standards and Best Practices Front
NASIG 2014: Actions and Updates on the Standards and Best Practices Front
National Information Standards Organization (NISO)
 
Uncork Your Licenses!
Uncork Your Licenses!Uncork Your Licenses!
NISO's Altmetrics Initiative
NISO's Altmetrics InitiativeNISO's Altmetrics Initiative
ER&L SUSHI ALI Feb 2015
ER&L SUSHI ALI Feb 2015ER&L SUSHI ALI Feb 2015
The Infrastructure for Alternative Metrics
The Infrastructure for Alternative MetricsThe Infrastructure for Alternative Metrics
The Infrastructure for Alternative Metrics
National Information Standards Organization (NISO)
 
Lagace Presentation on the NISO Open Access Metadata and Indicators Project a...
Lagace Presentation on the NISO Open Access Metadata and Indicators Project a...Lagace Presentation on the NISO Open Access Metadata and Indicators Project a...
Lagace Presentation on the NISO Open Access Metadata and Indicators Project a...
National Information Standards Organization (NISO)
 

Viewers also liked (20)

Europeana APIs
Europeana APIsEuropeana APIs
Europeana APIs
 
Networked books and networked reading
Networked books and networked readingNetworked books and networked reading
Networked books and networked reading
 
Implementing the Media Fragments URI Specification
Implementing the Media Fragments URI SpecificationImplementing the Media Fragments URI Specification
Implementing the Media Fragments URI Specification
 
Interlinking Multimedia: How to Apply Linked Data Principles to Multimedia F...
Interlinking Multimedia: How to Apply Linked Data Principles to Multimedia F...Interlinking Multimedia: How to Apply Linked Data Principles to Multimedia F...
Interlinking Multimedia: How to Apply Linked Data Principles to Multimedia F...
 
Finding media illustrating events
Finding media illustrating eventsFinding media illustrating events
Finding media illustrating events
 
NISO Annual Report of 2012 Activities
NISO Annual Report of 2012 ActivitiesNISO Annual Report of 2012 Activities
NISO Annual Report of 2012 Activities
 
Europeana and RDF data validation
Europeana and RDF data validationEuropeana and RDF data validation
Europeana and RDF data validation
 
NISO's Standards Update & Annual Membership Meeting
NISO's Standards Update & Annual Membership MeetingNISO's Standards Update & Annual Membership Meeting
NISO's Standards Update & Annual Membership Meeting
 
ALA2009_Andy Weissberg (Bowker)
ALA2009_Andy Weissberg (Bowker)ALA2009_Andy Weissberg (Bowker)
ALA2009_Andy Weissberg (Bowker)
 
Progress Report on Government Linked Data Worldwide
Progress Report on Government Linked Data WorldwideProgress Report on Government Linked Data Worldwide
Progress Report on Government Linked Data Worldwide
 
Expanding the Possible: What’s New and Upcoming in Standards and Technologies...
Expanding the Possible: What’s New and Upcoming in Standards and Technologies...Expanding the Possible: What’s New and Upcoming in Standards and Technologies...
Expanding the Possible: What’s New and Upcoming in Standards and Technologies...
 
Carpenter Library Assessment Conference Presentation
Carpenter Library Assessment Conference PresentationCarpenter Library Assessment Conference Presentation
Carpenter Library Assessment Conference Presentation
 
Uncork Your Licenses!
Uncork Your Licenses! Uncork Your Licenses!
Uncork Your Licenses!
 
Intro D2D Paper ER&L Feb 2015
Intro D2D Paper ER&L Feb 2015Intro D2D Paper ER&L Feb 2015
Intro D2D Paper ER&L Feb 2015
 
NASIG 2014: Actions and Updates on the Standards and Best Practices Front
NASIG 2014: Actions and Updates on the Standards and Best Practices FrontNASIG 2014: Actions and Updates on the Standards and Best Practices Front
NASIG 2014: Actions and Updates on the Standards and Best Practices Front
 
Uncork Your Licenses!
Uncork Your Licenses!Uncork Your Licenses!
Uncork Your Licenses!
 
NISO's Altmetrics Initiative
NISO's Altmetrics InitiativeNISO's Altmetrics Initiative
NISO's Altmetrics Initiative
 
ER&L SUSHI ALI Feb 2015
ER&L SUSHI ALI Feb 2015ER&L SUSHI ALI Feb 2015
ER&L SUSHI ALI Feb 2015
 
The Infrastructure for Alternative Metrics
The Infrastructure for Alternative MetricsThe Infrastructure for Alternative Metrics
The Infrastructure for Alternative Metrics
 
Lagace Presentation on the NISO Open Access Metadata and Indicators Project a...
Lagace Presentation on the NISO Open Access Metadata and Indicators Project a...Lagace Presentation on the NISO Open Access Metadata and Indicators Project a...
Lagace Presentation on the NISO Open Access Metadata and Indicators Project a...
 

Similar to Multilingual challenges for accessing digitized culture online - Riga Summit 15

Museums and Europeana
Museums and EuropeanaMuseums and Europeana
Museums and Europeana
Museums Computer Group
 
03 isaac dm2-e14-full
03 isaac dm2-e14-full03 isaac dm2-e14-full
03 isaac dm2-e14-full
Digitised Manuscripts to Europeana
 
Digital Arts Portals
Digital Arts PortalsDigital Arts Portals
Digital Arts Portals
Jenna Rinalducci
 
Europeana 2019 - Connect Communities
Europeana 2019 - Connect CommunitiesEuropeana 2019 - Connect Communities
Europeana 2019 - Connect Communities
Europeana
 
From Catalogue 2.0 to the digital humanities: exploring the future of librari...
From Catalogue 2.0 to the digital humanities: exploring the future of librari...From Catalogue 2.0 to the digital humanities: exploring the future of librari...
From Catalogue 2.0 to the digital humanities: exploring the future of librari...
Sally Chambers
 
Europeana as a Linked Data (Quality) case
Europeana as a Linked Data (Quality) caseEuropeana as a Linked Data (Quality) case
Europeana as a Linked Data (Quality) case
Antoine Isaac
 
EurnewsLDN_Krzysztof_Nichczynski
EurnewsLDN_Krzysztof_NichczynskiEurnewsLDN_Krzysztof_Nichczynski
EurnewsLDN_Krzysztof_Nichczynski
Europeana Newspapers
 
Natural Europe presentation in Minerva Conference workshop
Natural Europe presentation in Minerva Conference workshopNatural Europe presentation in Minerva Conference workshop
Natural Europe presentation in Minerva Conference workshopNikos Palavitsinis, PhD
 
Europeana Essentials - Latest
Europeana Essentials - LatestEuropeana Essentials - Latest
Europeana Essentials - Latest
Europeana
 
Digital cultural heritage works and object description within the scope of Eu...
Digital cultural heritage works and object description within the scope of Eu...Digital cultural heritage works and object description within the scope of Eu...
Digital cultural heritage works and object description within the scope of Eu...
Tolga Çakmak
 
Speech presentation at Northeast Normal University ( Changchun, China)
Speech presentation at Northeast Normal University ( Changchun, China)Speech presentation at Northeast Normal University ( Changchun, China)
Speech presentation at Northeast Normal University ( Changchun, China)
Γιώργος Ζάχος
 
When Semantics support Multilingual Access to Digital Cultural Heritage - the...
When Semantics support Multilingual Access to Digital Cultural Heritage - the...When Semantics support Multilingual Access to Digital Cultural Heritage - the...
When Semantics support Multilingual Access to Digital Cultural Heritage - the...
Valentine Charles
 
Europe’s Common Cultural Heritage – Unity in Diversity: Digital Technologies ...
Europe’s Common Cultural Heritage – Unity in Diversity: Digital Technologies ...Europe’s Common Cultural Heritage – Unity in Diversity: Digital Technologies ...
Europe’s Common Cultural Heritage – Unity in Diversity: Digital Technologies ...
Aneta Kozuchowska
 
Why join Europeana?
Why join Europeana?Why join Europeana?
Why join Europeana?
Europeana
 
Europeana in a Research Context
Europeana in a Research ContextEuropeana in a Research Context
Europeana in a Research Context
TU Delft, Netherlands
 
Luis Ferraro - DG CONNECT - culture and creativity in the digital realm 062013
Luis Ferraro - DG CONNECT - culture and creativity in the digital realm 062013Luis Ferraro - DG CONNECT - culture and creativity in the digital realm 062013
Luis Ferraro - DG CONNECT - culture and creativity in the digital realm 062013Europeana Licensing
 
Multilingual challenges and ongoing work to tackle them at Europeana
Multilingual challenges and ongoing work to tackle them at EuropeanaMultilingual challenges and ongoing work to tackle them at Europeana
Multilingual challenges and ongoing work to tackle them at Europeana
Antoine Isaac
 
Europeana essentials June 2013
Europeana essentials June 2013Europeana essentials June 2013
Europeana essentials June 2013
Europeana
 
Rob Davies : How we got here
Rob Davies : How we got hereRob Davies : How we got here
Rob Davies : How we got here
AccessITplus
 
Europeana and the Battle of Waterloo
Europeana and the Battle of WaterlooEuropeana and the Battle of Waterloo
Europeana and the Battle of Waterloo
Europeana
 

Similar to Multilingual challenges for accessing digitized culture online - Riga Summit 15 (20)

Museums and Europeana
Museums and EuropeanaMuseums and Europeana
Museums and Europeana
 
03 isaac dm2-e14-full
03 isaac dm2-e14-full03 isaac dm2-e14-full
03 isaac dm2-e14-full
 
Digital Arts Portals
Digital Arts PortalsDigital Arts Portals
Digital Arts Portals
 
Europeana 2019 - Connect Communities
Europeana 2019 - Connect CommunitiesEuropeana 2019 - Connect Communities
Europeana 2019 - Connect Communities
 
From Catalogue 2.0 to the digital humanities: exploring the future of librari...
From Catalogue 2.0 to the digital humanities: exploring the future of librari...From Catalogue 2.0 to the digital humanities: exploring the future of librari...
From Catalogue 2.0 to the digital humanities: exploring the future of librari...
 
Europeana as a Linked Data (Quality) case
Europeana as a Linked Data (Quality) caseEuropeana as a Linked Data (Quality) case
Europeana as a Linked Data (Quality) case
 
EurnewsLDN_Krzysztof_Nichczynski
EurnewsLDN_Krzysztof_NichczynskiEurnewsLDN_Krzysztof_Nichczynski
EurnewsLDN_Krzysztof_Nichczynski
 
Natural Europe presentation in Minerva Conference workshop
Natural Europe presentation in Minerva Conference workshopNatural Europe presentation in Minerva Conference workshop
Natural Europe presentation in Minerva Conference workshop
 
Europeana Essentials - Latest
Europeana Essentials - LatestEuropeana Essentials - Latest
Europeana Essentials - Latest
 
Digital cultural heritage works and object description within the scope of Eu...
Digital cultural heritage works and object description within the scope of Eu...Digital cultural heritage works and object description within the scope of Eu...
Digital cultural heritage works and object description within the scope of Eu...
 
Speech presentation at Northeast Normal University ( Changchun, China)
Speech presentation at Northeast Normal University ( Changchun, China)Speech presentation at Northeast Normal University ( Changchun, China)
Speech presentation at Northeast Normal University ( Changchun, China)
 
When Semantics support Multilingual Access to Digital Cultural Heritage - the...
When Semantics support Multilingual Access to Digital Cultural Heritage - the...When Semantics support Multilingual Access to Digital Cultural Heritage - the...
When Semantics support Multilingual Access to Digital Cultural Heritage - the...
 
Europe’s Common Cultural Heritage – Unity in Diversity: Digital Technologies ...
Europe’s Common Cultural Heritage – Unity in Diversity: Digital Technologies ...Europe’s Common Cultural Heritage – Unity in Diversity: Digital Technologies ...
Europe’s Common Cultural Heritage – Unity in Diversity: Digital Technologies ...
 
Why join Europeana?
Why join Europeana?Why join Europeana?
Why join Europeana?
 
Europeana in a Research Context
Europeana in a Research ContextEuropeana in a Research Context
Europeana in a Research Context
 
Luis Ferraro - DG CONNECT - culture and creativity in the digital realm 062013
Luis Ferraro - DG CONNECT - culture and creativity in the digital realm 062013Luis Ferraro - DG CONNECT - culture and creativity in the digital realm 062013
Luis Ferraro - DG CONNECT - culture and creativity in the digital realm 062013
 
Multilingual challenges and ongoing work to tackle them at Europeana
Multilingual challenges and ongoing work to tackle them at EuropeanaMultilingual challenges and ongoing work to tackle them at Europeana
Multilingual challenges and ongoing work to tackle them at Europeana
 
Europeana essentials June 2013
Europeana essentials June 2013Europeana essentials June 2013
Europeana essentials June 2013
 
Rob Davies : How we got here
Rob Davies : How we got hereRob Davies : How we got here
Rob Davies : How we got here
 
Europeana and the Battle of Waterloo
Europeana and the Battle of WaterlooEuropeana and the Battle of Waterloo
Europeana and the Battle of Waterloo
 

More from Antoine Isaac

Addressing multilingual challenges at Europeana: An update - DCMI 2021
Addressing multilingual challenges at Europeana: An update - DCMI 2021Addressing multilingual challenges at Europeana: An update - DCMI 2021
Addressing multilingual challenges at Europeana: An update - DCMI 2021
Antoine Isaac
 
Entity Management at Europeana - DCMI 2021
Entity Management at Europeana - DCMI 2021Entity Management at Europeana - DCMI 2021
Entity Management at Europeana - DCMI 2021
Antoine Isaac
 
Le Cadre de publication d'Europeana
Le Cadre de publication d'EuropeanaLe Cadre de publication d'Europeana
Le Cadre de publication d'Europeana
Antoine Isaac
 
The Europeana Data Model Principles, community and innovation
The Europeana Data Model  Principles, community and innovationThe Europeana Data Model  Principles, community and innovation
The Europeana Data Model Principles, community and innovation
Antoine Isaac
 
Metadata aggregation of IIIF Resources at Europeana: status and plans
Metadata aggregation of IIIF Resources at Europeana: status and plansMetadata aggregation of IIIF Resources at Europeana: status and plans
Metadata aggregation of IIIF Resources at Europeana: status and plans
Antoine Isaac
 
IIIF and the Europeana mission
IIIF and the Europeana missionIIIF and the Europeana mission
IIIF and the Europeana mission
Antoine Isaac
 
Semantic Interoperability at Europeana - MultilingualDSIs2018
Semantic Interoperability at Europeana - MultilingualDSIs2018Semantic Interoperability at Europeana - MultilingualDSIs2018
Semantic Interoperability at Europeana - MultilingualDSIs2018
Antoine Isaac
 
Lightweight rights modeling and linked data publication for online cultural h...
Lightweight rights modeling and linked data publication for online cultural h...Lightweight rights modeling and linked data publication for online cultural h...
Lightweight rights modeling and linked data publication for online cultural h...
Antoine Isaac
 
The Europeana Data Model - TPDL2018
The Europeana Data Model - TPDL2018The Europeana Data Model - TPDL2018
The Europeana Data Model - TPDL2018
Antoine Isaac
 
Europeana et IIIF
Europeana et IIIFEuropeana et IIIF
Europeana et IIIF
Antoine Isaac
 
Data scale and diversity issues at Europeana
Data scale and diversity issues at EuropeanaData scale and diversity issues at Europeana
Data scale and diversity issues at Europeana
Antoine Isaac
 
Isaac - W3C Data on the Web Best Practices - Data Vocabularies
Isaac - W3C Data on the Web Best Practices - Data VocabulariesIsaac - W3C Data on the Web Best Practices - Data Vocabularies
Isaac - W3C Data on the Web Best Practices - Data Vocabularies
Antoine Isaac
 
Modelling and exchanging annotations
Modelling and exchanging annotationsModelling and exchanging annotations
Modelling and exchanging annotations
Antoine Isaac
 
Modelling annotations for Europeana and related projects - DARIAH-EU WS
Modelling annotations for Europeana and related projects - DARIAH-EU WSModelling annotations for Europeana and related projects - DARIAH-EU WS
Modelling annotations for Europeana and related projects - DARIAH-EU WS
Antoine Isaac
 
Classification schemes, thesauri and other Knowledge Organization Systems - a...
Classification schemes, thesauri and other Knowledge Organization Systems - a...Classification schemes, thesauri and other Knowledge Organization Systems - a...
Classification schemes, thesauri and other Knowledge Organization Systems - a...
Antoine Isaac
 
Enrichment and Europeana
Enrichment and EuropeanaEnrichment and Europeana
Enrichment and Europeana
Antoine Isaac
 

More from Antoine Isaac (16)

Addressing multilingual challenges at Europeana: An update - DCMI 2021
Addressing multilingual challenges at Europeana: An update - DCMI 2021Addressing multilingual challenges at Europeana: An update - DCMI 2021
Addressing multilingual challenges at Europeana: An update - DCMI 2021
 
Entity Management at Europeana - DCMI 2021
Entity Management at Europeana - DCMI 2021Entity Management at Europeana - DCMI 2021
Entity Management at Europeana - DCMI 2021
 
Le Cadre de publication d'Europeana
Le Cadre de publication d'EuropeanaLe Cadre de publication d'Europeana
Le Cadre de publication d'Europeana
 
The Europeana Data Model Principles, community and innovation
The Europeana Data Model  Principles, community and innovationThe Europeana Data Model  Principles, community and innovation
The Europeana Data Model Principles, community and innovation
 
Metadata aggregation of IIIF Resources at Europeana: status and plans
Metadata aggregation of IIIF Resources at Europeana: status and plansMetadata aggregation of IIIF Resources at Europeana: status and plans
Metadata aggregation of IIIF Resources at Europeana: status and plans
 
IIIF and the Europeana mission
IIIF and the Europeana missionIIIF and the Europeana mission
IIIF and the Europeana mission
 
Semantic Interoperability at Europeana - MultilingualDSIs2018
Semantic Interoperability at Europeana - MultilingualDSIs2018Semantic Interoperability at Europeana - MultilingualDSIs2018
Semantic Interoperability at Europeana - MultilingualDSIs2018
 
Lightweight rights modeling and linked data publication for online cultural h...
Lightweight rights modeling and linked data publication for online cultural h...Lightweight rights modeling and linked data publication for online cultural h...
Lightweight rights modeling and linked data publication for online cultural h...
 
The Europeana Data Model - TPDL2018
The Europeana Data Model - TPDL2018The Europeana Data Model - TPDL2018
The Europeana Data Model - TPDL2018
 
Europeana et IIIF
Europeana et IIIFEuropeana et IIIF
Europeana et IIIF
 
Data scale and diversity issues at Europeana
Data scale and diversity issues at EuropeanaData scale and diversity issues at Europeana
Data scale and diversity issues at Europeana
 
Isaac - W3C Data on the Web Best Practices - Data Vocabularies
Isaac - W3C Data on the Web Best Practices - Data VocabulariesIsaac - W3C Data on the Web Best Practices - Data Vocabularies
Isaac - W3C Data on the Web Best Practices - Data Vocabularies
 
Modelling and exchanging annotations
Modelling and exchanging annotationsModelling and exchanging annotations
Modelling and exchanging annotations
 
Modelling annotations for Europeana and related projects - DARIAH-EU WS
Modelling annotations for Europeana and related projects - DARIAH-EU WSModelling annotations for Europeana and related projects - DARIAH-EU WS
Modelling annotations for Europeana and related projects - DARIAH-EU WS
 
Classification schemes, thesauri and other Knowledge Organization Systems - a...
Classification schemes, thesauri and other Knowledge Organization Systems - a...Classification schemes, thesauri and other Knowledge Organization Systems - a...
Classification schemes, thesauri and other Knowledge Organization Systems - a...
 
Enrichment and Europeana
Enrichment and EuropeanaEnrichment and Europeana
Enrichment and Europeana
 

Recently uploaded

Communications Mining Series - Zero to Hero - Session 1
Communications Mining Series - Zero to Hero - Session 1Communications Mining Series - Zero to Hero - Session 1
Communications Mining Series - Zero to Hero - Session 1
DianaGray10
 
GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the Possible with Graph - Q2 2024
GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the  Possible with Graph - Q2 2024GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the  Possible with Graph - Q2 2024
GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the Possible with Graph - Q2 2024
Neo4j
 
Monitoring Java Application Security with JDK Tools and JFR Events
Monitoring Java Application Security with JDK Tools and JFR EventsMonitoring Java Application Security with JDK Tools and JFR Events
Monitoring Java Application Security with JDK Tools and JFR Events
Ana-Maria Mihalceanu
 
Enchancing adoption of Open Source Libraries. A case study on Albumentations.AI
Enchancing adoption of Open Source Libraries. A case study on Albumentations.AIEnchancing adoption of Open Source Libraries. A case study on Albumentations.AI
Enchancing adoption of Open Source Libraries. A case study on Albumentations.AI
Vladimir Iglovikov, Ph.D.
 
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...
SOFTTECHHUB
 
Elizabeth Buie - Older adults: Are we really designing for our future selves?
Elizabeth Buie - Older adults: Are we really designing for our future selves?Elizabeth Buie - Older adults: Are we really designing for our future selves?
Elizabeth Buie - Older adults: Are we really designing for our future selves?
Nexer Digital
 
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024
Albert Hoitingh
 
20240607 QFM018 Elixir Reading List May 2024
20240607 QFM018 Elixir Reading List May 202420240607 QFM018 Elixir Reading List May 2024
20240607 QFM018 Elixir Reading List May 2024
Matthew Sinclair
 
20240605 QFM017 Machine Intelligence Reading List May 2024
20240605 QFM017 Machine Intelligence Reading List May 202420240605 QFM017 Machine Intelligence Reading List May 2024
20240605 QFM017 Machine Intelligence Reading List May 2024
Matthew Sinclair
 
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptx
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptxHow to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptx
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptx
danishmna97
 
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdf
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdfObservability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdf
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdf
Paige Cruz
 
Free Complete Python - A step towards Data Science
Free Complete Python - A step towards Data ScienceFree Complete Python - A step towards Data Science
Free Complete Python - A step towards Data Science
RinaMondal9
 
PCI PIN Basics Webinar from the Controlcase Team
PCI PIN Basics Webinar from the Controlcase TeamPCI PIN Basics Webinar from the Controlcase Team
PCI PIN Basics Webinar from the Controlcase Team
ControlCase
 
Microsoft - Power Platform_G.Aspiotis.pdf
Microsoft - Power Platform_G.Aspiotis.pdfMicrosoft - Power Platform_G.Aspiotis.pdf
Microsoft - Power Platform_G.Aspiotis.pdf
Uni Systems S.M.S.A.
 
RESUME BUILDER APPLICATION Project for students
RESUME BUILDER APPLICATION Project for studentsRESUME BUILDER APPLICATION Project for students
RESUME BUILDER APPLICATION Project for students
KAMESHS29
 
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...
DanBrown980551
 
みなさんこんにちはこれ何文字まで入るの?40文字以下不可とか本当に意味わからないけどこれ限界文字数書いてないからマジでやばい文字数いけるんじゃないの?えこ...
みなさんこんにちはこれ何文字まで入るの?40文字以下不可とか本当に意味わからないけどこれ限界文字数書いてないからマジでやばい文字数いけるんじゃないの?えこ...みなさんこんにちはこれ何文字まで入るの?40文字以下不可とか本当に意味わからないけどこれ限界文字数書いてないからマジでやばい文字数いけるんじゃないの?えこ...
みなさんこんにちはこれ何文字まで入るの?40文字以下不可とか本当に意味わからないけどこれ限界文字数書いてないからマジでやばい文字数いけるんじゃないの?えこ...
名前 です男
 
Artificial Intelligence for XMLDevelopment
Artificial Intelligence for XMLDevelopmentArtificial Intelligence for XMLDevelopment
Artificial Intelligence for XMLDevelopment
Octavian Nadolu
 
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA Connect
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectDevOps and Testing slides at DASA Connect
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA Connect
Kari Kakkonen
 
GraphSummit Singapore | Neo4j Product Vision & Roadmap - Q2 2024
GraphSummit Singapore | Neo4j Product Vision & Roadmap - Q2 2024GraphSummit Singapore | Neo4j Product Vision & Roadmap - Q2 2024
GraphSummit Singapore | Neo4j Product Vision & Roadmap - Q2 2024
Neo4j
 

Recently uploaded (20)

Communications Mining Series - Zero to Hero - Session 1
Communications Mining Series - Zero to Hero - Session 1Communications Mining Series - Zero to Hero - Session 1
Communications Mining Series - Zero to Hero - Session 1
 
GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the Possible with Graph - Q2 2024
GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the  Possible with Graph - Q2 2024GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the  Possible with Graph - Q2 2024
GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the Possible with Graph - Q2 2024
 
Monitoring Java Application Security with JDK Tools and JFR Events
Monitoring Java Application Security with JDK Tools and JFR EventsMonitoring Java Application Security with JDK Tools and JFR Events
Monitoring Java Application Security with JDK Tools and JFR Events
 
Enchancing adoption of Open Source Libraries. A case study on Albumentations.AI
Enchancing adoption of Open Source Libraries. A case study on Albumentations.AIEnchancing adoption of Open Source Libraries. A case study on Albumentations.AI
Enchancing adoption of Open Source Libraries. A case study on Albumentations.AI
 
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...
 
Elizabeth Buie - Older adults: Are we really designing for our future selves?
Elizabeth Buie - Older adults: Are we really designing for our future selves?Elizabeth Buie - Older adults: Are we really designing for our future selves?
Elizabeth Buie - Older adults: Are we really designing for our future selves?
 
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024
 
20240607 QFM018 Elixir Reading List May 2024
20240607 QFM018 Elixir Reading List May 202420240607 QFM018 Elixir Reading List May 2024
20240607 QFM018 Elixir Reading List May 2024
 
20240605 QFM017 Machine Intelligence Reading List May 2024
20240605 QFM017 Machine Intelligence Reading List May 202420240605 QFM017 Machine Intelligence Reading List May 2024
20240605 QFM017 Machine Intelligence Reading List May 2024
 
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptx
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptxHow to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptx
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptx
 
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdf
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdfObservability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdf
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdf
 
Free Complete Python - A step towards Data Science
Free Complete Python - A step towards Data ScienceFree Complete Python - A step towards Data Science
Free Complete Python - A step towards Data Science
 
PCI PIN Basics Webinar from the Controlcase Team
PCI PIN Basics Webinar from the Controlcase TeamPCI PIN Basics Webinar from the Controlcase Team
PCI PIN Basics Webinar from the Controlcase Team
 
Microsoft - Power Platform_G.Aspiotis.pdf
Microsoft - Power Platform_G.Aspiotis.pdfMicrosoft - Power Platform_G.Aspiotis.pdf
Microsoft - Power Platform_G.Aspiotis.pdf
 
RESUME BUILDER APPLICATION Project for students
RESUME BUILDER APPLICATION Project for studentsRESUME BUILDER APPLICATION Project for students
RESUME BUILDER APPLICATION Project for students
 
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...
 
みなさんこんにちはこれ何文字まで入るの?40文字以下不可とか本当に意味わからないけどこれ限界文字数書いてないからマジでやばい文字数いけるんじゃないの?えこ...
みなさんこんにちはこれ何文字まで入るの?40文字以下不可とか本当に意味わからないけどこれ限界文字数書いてないからマジでやばい文字数いけるんじゃないの?えこ...みなさんこんにちはこれ何文字まで入るの?40文字以下不可とか本当に意味わからないけどこれ限界文字数書いてないからマジでやばい文字数いけるんじゃないの?えこ...
みなさんこんにちはこれ何文字まで入るの?40文字以下不可とか本当に意味わからないけどこれ限界文字数書いてないからマジでやばい文字数いけるんじゃないの?えこ...
 
Artificial Intelligence for XMLDevelopment
Artificial Intelligence for XMLDevelopmentArtificial Intelligence for XMLDevelopment
Artificial Intelligence for XMLDevelopment
 
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA Connect
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectDevOps and Testing slides at DASA Connect
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA Connect
 
GraphSummit Singapore | Neo4j Product Vision & Roadmap - Q2 2024
GraphSummit Singapore | Neo4j Product Vision & Roadmap - Q2 2024GraphSummit Singapore | Neo4j Product Vision & Roadmap - Q2 2024
GraphSummit Singapore | Neo4j Product Vision & Roadmap - Q2 2024
 

Multilingual challenges for accessing digitized culture online - Riga Summit 15

  • 1. Multilingual challenges for accessing digitized culture online Antoine Isaac Multilingual Digital Single Market Riga Summit, 28 April 2015
  • 2. Europe’s platform to access cultural heritage 42M objects and counting
  • 3. Built on metadata from a broad network Museums National Aggregators Regional AggregatorsArchives Thematic projects Libraries Musées Lausannois Culture.fr The European Library APEX LinkedHeritage Europeana Fashion 2,300 museums, archives and libraries
  • 4. A platform for access and re-use
  • 5. Data from all over EU top 16 Items from 36 countries Metadata in 33 languages
  • 6. Data from all over EU
  • 7. (Re-)users from all over EU Portal in 31 languages Data access from anywhere
  • 8. Diversity of domains makes it hard  Data is heterogeneous  Makes it harder to train tools
  • 9. Diversity of applications makes it harder  Display  Search  Data services ….
  • 10. Some issues for applying language technology for online culture  Typical queries are very short  Identification of query language is not easy, even manually  Plenty of named entities (persons, places…) Studies by Humboldt University on Europeana and The European Library http://www.clef-initiative.eu/documents/71612/86374/CLEF2010wn-LogCLEF-StillerEt2010.pdf
  • 11. Progress and issues – data enrichment
  • 13. Problems of multilingual enrichment Poisonous India or the Importance of a Semantic and Multilingual Enrichment Strategy Marlies Olensky, Juliane Stiller, Evelyn Dröge, MTSR 2012 http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-642- 35233-1_25
  • 15. Problems need pooling resources  From cultural heritage sector  From language technology industry  EU level: Horizon2020 projects, DSIs • MT@EU  National level • Cooperation Tilde & Latvian Ministry of Culture
  • 16. Being open  Open source and open data, as much as possible!  Sharing the word about problems and solutions EuropeanaTech Insight first issue on multilingualism

Editor's Notes

  1. Les Miserables: Victor Hugo’s handwritten manuscripts: http://www.europeana.eu/portal/record/9200103/5372912AF66AB529E188218BC1F747E75EB1A18F.html BnF, public domain Matisse ‘53 in the form of a double helix’ http://www.europeana.eu/portal/record/9200104/F8D60AB9136C8A59B59DF1CFEC278A6CABA8B0C6.htmlThe Wellcome Library (CC-BY-NC-ND) ‘söprűtánc’ – Hungarian traditional dance http://www.europeana.eu/portal/record/08901/E1A7B01BE4AED87FD239672F4F3941F52262D6B2.html Hungarian Academy of Sciences Institute for Musicology, public domain ‘Neurologico reggae’ Music album http://www.europeana.eu/portal/record/08901/ADC241BCBF8470988DBA6EEAFCF13F14D88E5534.html DISMARC – EuropeanaConnect Paid Access ‘Castle of Kavala’ 3D exploration of a Greek castle http://www.europeana.eu/portal/record/2020703/05607B24D15BD516EE2B765F74CDA39C7427F7FB.html Cultural and Educational Technology Institute - Research Centre Athen CARARE CC-BY-NC-ND
  2. All partners send us descriptions of their assets, which we aggregate in a single service
  3. Users from everywhere Data from everywhere Tools from everywhere http://europeana.eu/portal/record/2022347/B7C7D15C23C28EFD3FA25147ED3A580757CFBB04.html http://europeana.eu/portal/record/9200103/ark__12148_btv1b6921004c.html
  4. Germany 15.44% France 10.97% Netherlands 9.67% Sweden 9.44% Spain 9.98% UK 6.98% Norway 6.60% Italy 5.4% Ireland 4.04% Poland 4.02% Europe 3.95% Finland 2.95% Austria 2.05% Belgium 1.61% Hungary 1.26%
  5. Users from everywhere Data from everywhere Tools from everywhere http://europeana.eu/portal/record/2022347/B7C7D15C23C28EFD3FA25147ED3A580757CFBB04.html http://europeana.eu/portal/record/9200103/ark__12148_btv1b6921004c.html
  6. Users from everywhere Data from everywhere Tools from everywhere http://europeana.eu/portal/record/2022347/B7C7D15C23C28EFD3FA25147ED3A580757CFBB04.html http://europeana.eu/portal/record/9200103/ark__12148_btv1b6921004c.html
  7. Tools, UCL Museums, CC-BY-NC-SA Paris, nouvelle machine à paver : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol], National Library of France, Public Domain St. Philip holding a book and St. James (the Less?) holding a book, National Library of the Netherlands, Public domain La paloma / O sole mio, Dalane Folkemuseum, CC0 http://europeana.eu/portal/record/2022347/B7C7D15C23C28EFD3FA25147ED3A580757CFBB04.html http://europeana.eu/portal/record/9200103/ark__12148_btv1b6921004c.html http://www.europeana.eu/portal/record/9200122/BibliographicResource_1000056116671.html http://www.europeana.eu/portal/record/2022608/DF_DF_13399.html
  8. http://www.clef-initiative.eu/documents/71612/86374/CLEF2010wn-LogCLEF-StillerEt2010.pdf
  9. Average less than 2 terms 39% of queries may belong to several languages 60% of queries are for persons and places