Richard Kingston of the University of Manchester has 12 years of experience developing online public participation geographic information systems (PPGIS) to assist public participation in environmental decision making. While technology can complement traditional participation methods, low internet access and the digital divide remain barriers. Surveys show that those least likely to have internet access, such as lower socioeconomic groups and older individuals, are also those most likely to access local authority services. Only 60% of UK households have home internet access.