The document summarizes several historical revolutions and philosophers that influenced political thought: the Magna Carta limited monarch power and established rule of law in England; the Glorious Revolution established Parliament's power over the monarchy; the English Bill of Rights and Enlightenment further advanced reason and limited absolute rule; Montesquieu proposed separation of powers; Locke and Rousseau developed ideas of natural rights and social contracts; and Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence emphasizing individual pursuit of happiness.

1. The Revolutions
Revolution:
When the people rise up
against something they
all agree is bad and they
change it.

2. Magna Carta
• The Magna was written in June, 1216, for
England.
• The Magna Carta limited the power of the
monarchies by making the Rule of Law
higher than the monarchies.
• The Magna Carta was a Rule of Law
because nobody was above it.

3. Glorious Revolution
• The Glorious
Revolutions took place
in England
• William The III took
over King James II
• The Magna Carta
changed the power of
kings forever.

4. The English Bill of
Rights
• The English Bill of Rights was written in
1689
• The English Bill ofRights limited the power
of the Monarch. It made it so that the
Parliament was more powerful than the
Monarch and somewhat created a Rule of
Law.

5. The Enlightenment
• The Enlightenment was a movement in
Europe that changed the way people
thought. It made people think more
reasonably made reasoning important.
• It took place in the 18th century, and was
important because it improved the way
social institutions and people thought by
using reason.

6. Charles-Louis
Montesquieu
• Charles - Louis
Montesquieu came
from France and
was probably best
known for being a
political guy that
came up with the
idea of separation
of powers.

7. John Locke
• John Locke was from
England, lived
1632-1704.
• Natural rights are rights
that we are born with,
naturally. This is stuff
that no one can take
away, like right to defend
ourselves/property, etc.

8. Jean-Jacques Rousseau
• Jean-Jacques Rousseau was
born in Switzerland, lived
1712-1778.
• Rousseau came up with the
social contract as a way to
work around the problems in
society, and helped inspire
political reforms.
• “Man is born free, and every
where he is in chains”

9. Thomas Jefferson
• Thomas Jefferson was from
Virginia, USA, and was most
famous for writing a
Declaration of
Independence.
• He changed “property” to
“pursuit of happiness”
because he was pressured
to and because slaves were
not necessarily allowed to
own property, but allowed
to pursue happiness.