The document discusses the need for and development of dedicated freight corridors in India to handle the growing volume of freight. It notes that freight traffic has been growing at 15-18% annually, leading Indian Railways to plan a 10,000 km network of dedicated freight lines with 25-tonne capacity. The corridors will run parallel to major routes and segregate freight and passenger traffic, allowing heavier trains. High rise overhead electrification is also being implemented on sections to enable double-stack container transport. Challenges of maintaining the higher overhead equipment are also reviewed.
Er.Amit Chaurasiya studies at Azad Technical Campus Lucknow.All slide make very clear and easily understood suitable for Electrical Engineering students. I hope you will easily understand.
Railway Electrification -
Electricity is used to eliminate smoke and take advantage of the high efficiency of electric motors; however, the cost of railway electrification means that usually only heavily-used lines can be electrified.
the power for electric locomotives can come from clean and/or renewable sources, including geothermalpower, hydroelectric power, nuclear power, solar power and wind turbines.
Electric locomotives benefit from the high efficiency of electric motors, often above 90%. Additional efficiency can be gained from regenerative braking, which allows kinetic energy to be recovered during braking to put some power back on the line. Newer electric locomotives use AC motor-inverter drive systems that provide for regenerative braking.
Thank you.
Design of a generating substation with the description of designing a transformer. Here we show some basic components of a substation. and we also show the parameters and calculation to design a transformer of a specific ratings.
RDSO (Indian Railways) Industrial Training ReportNeha Arya
Introduction to RDSO
Supply System for Electric Locomotive
Power Supply for Electric Traction
Conductor & Tower Wagon
OHE Equipment
Pantograph
Conclusion
Reference
Complete details of EHV Transmission Line. Consolidated this presentation from those experts who had contributed separately on slider share and other web pages.Thanks for their valuable inputs.
Er.Amit Chaurasiya studies at Azad Technical Campus Lucknow.All slide make very clear and easily understood suitable for Electrical Engineering students. I hope you will easily understand.
Railway Electrification -
Electricity is used to eliminate smoke and take advantage of the high efficiency of electric motors; however, the cost of railway electrification means that usually only heavily-used lines can be electrified.
the power for electric locomotives can come from clean and/or renewable sources, including geothermalpower, hydroelectric power, nuclear power, solar power and wind turbines.
Electric locomotives benefit from the high efficiency of electric motors, often above 90%. Additional efficiency can be gained from regenerative braking, which allows kinetic energy to be recovered during braking to put some power back on the line. Newer electric locomotives use AC motor-inverter drive systems that provide for regenerative braking.
Thank you.
Design of a generating substation with the description of designing a transformer. Here we show some basic components of a substation. and we also show the parameters and calculation to design a transformer of a specific ratings.
RDSO (Indian Railways) Industrial Training ReportNeha Arya
Introduction to RDSO
Supply System for Electric Locomotive
Power Supply for Electric Traction
Conductor & Tower Wagon
OHE Equipment
Pantograph
Conclusion
Reference
Complete details of EHV Transmission Line. Consolidated this presentation from those experts who had contributed separately on slider share and other web pages.Thanks for their valuable inputs.
Alternative Approach to Permanent way Alignment DesignConstantin Ciobanu
The speaker presented a comparison between the Track
alignment design approach based on NR standards and the one based on the European Norms and the Technical Specifications for Interoperability (TSI), highlighting the main area where these approaches are different and touching the subject of the safety design factors embedded in the track alignment design
procedures.
The main topics:
Cant parameters definition, the origin of the 11.82 cant constant. ways of applying cant.
Track geometry recording. Quality Standard deviation. Inherent standard deviation. The advantage of using rolling SDs. Quality bands for low and high speed.
Cant over a reverse transition - the orphan rule of lifting the reversing point to improve the quality of riding.
Designing a sudden change in curvature. Virtual transition - TRK2049. The rules of the European Norm for track geometry EN 13803-1&2
The significance of transition shift.
A new technology in order to enhance travel experience and to reduce time, save money. By using this technology one can travel at much higher speed and can save time as well as money. This technology or idea is given by elon musk and is completely environment friendly
Tts Energy Company Presentation 3108 2011 Ver B Aug2011aarshipathan
TTS Energy AS , Norway is supplier of the High performance drilling equipment packages to the global oil & gas drilling contractors , Shipyards & owners etc
Pantograph I - Analysis on Pantographs & Traction ControlKelvin Lam
My 'info'-presentation on basics on electric traction systems for railways and electrical trains (rolling stock).
The presentation cover the following basic concepts:
- types of electrification systems.
- types of collection method
- traction control
Similar to Revised ppt High rise OHE (1).pptx (20)
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
The increased availability of biomedical data, particularly in the public domain, offers the opportunity to better understand human health and to develop effective therapeutics for a wide range of unmet medical needs. However, data scientists remain stymied by the fact that data remain hard to find and to productively reuse because data and their metadata i) are wholly inaccessible, ii) are in non-standard or incompatible representations, iii) do not conform to community standards, and iv) have unclear or highly restricted terms and conditions that preclude legitimate reuse. These limitations require a rethink on data can be made machine and AI-ready - the key motivation behind the FAIR Guiding Principles. Concurrently, while recent efforts have explored the use of deep learning to fuse disparate data into predictive models for a wide range of biomedical applications, these models often fail even when the correct answer is already known, and fail to explain individual predictions in terms that data scientists can appreciate. These limitations suggest that new methods to produce practical artificial intelligence are still needed.
In this talk, I will discuss our work in (1) building an integrative knowledge infrastructure to prepare FAIR and "AI-ready" data and services along with (2) neurosymbolic AI methods to improve the quality of predictions and to generate plausible explanations. Attention is given to standards, platforms, and methods to wrangle knowledge into simple, but effective semantic and latent representations, and to make these available into standards-compliant and discoverable interfaces that can be used in model building, validation, and explanation. Our work, and those of others in the field, creates a baseline for building trustworthy and easy to deploy AI models in biomedicine.
Bio
Dr. Michel Dumontier is the Distinguished Professor of Data Science at Maastricht University, founder and executive director of the Institute of Data Science, and co-founder of the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) data principles. His research explores socio-technological approaches for responsible discovery science, which includes collaborative multi-modal knowledge graphs, privacy-preserving distributed data mining, and AI methods for drug discovery and personalized medicine. His work is supported through the Dutch National Research Agenda, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Horizon Europe, the European Open Science Cloud, the US National Institutes of Health, and a Marie-Curie Innovative Training Network. He is the editor-in-chief for the journal Data Science and is internationally recognized for his contributions in bioinformatics, biomedical informatics, and semantic technologies including ontologies and linked data.
2. Need for Dedicated Freight Corridor
The increase in transport volume of domestic
freight shows a growth rate of 15 to 18% per annum.
As a part of this strategy, Indian Railways have
planned to build a 10,000 Kms. Network of
dedicated heavy - haul freight Corridor for 25
tonne axle load (or possibly more) movement
called Dedicated Freight Corridor (DFC).
All this has led to the concept of the Dedicated
Freight Corridors along the Eastern and Western
Routes.
3. Need for Dedicated Freight Corridor
The idea is to segregate Passenger and Freight
traffic, and thereby maximising the line capacities.
The new lines would allow movement of heavier
trains as compared to present freight trains.
The new lines would run parallel to the so-called
Golden Quadrilateral linking Kolkata, Delhi,
Mumbai and Chennai as well as other high-density
corridors. The first two lines will be designated as
the Eastern Corridor and Western corridor.
4. High Rise OHE
High rise OHE commissioned first time in IR in RE-
RGS-FL section of Jaipur Division (213 RKM/264 TKM)
5. Design of High Rise OHE
Development of high rise OHE have the following
salient challenges:
• Design of Foundation
• Design of Portals/Masts
• Design of ATD
• Ensuring adequate Stagger & Span for OHE
Ensuring proper gradient of transition phase OHE,
so that Pantograph may negotiate it smoothly in
both directions.
Modification of Tower wagon to make it suitable
for running on high rise OHE lines.
6. High Rise OHE
Movement of double stack container with maximum
height 6809 mm on electric traction
Single stack container Double stack container
7.100 m
7. Advantage of Double Stack
Container
The major advantages of Double Stack
Container operation are:
Increase in transport volume
Increased throughput
Reduction in unit cost.
8. Parameters High Rise OHE
Description Conventional
OHE
High Rise OHE
Height of contact
wire at support
5.80 m 7.57 m
Height of contact
wire at mid span
5.70
(Pre sag 100mm)
7.52 m
(Pre sag 50mm)
Height of catenary
wire
7.20 m 8.97 m
Maximum OHE
span
72.00 m 54.00 m
Maximum speed 160 kmph 140 kmph
9. Parameters High Rise OHE
Description Conventional OHE High Rise OHE
SS wire rope of ATD 08.00 m 10.00 m
Guy rod length 09.00 m 12.30 m
Length of OHE mast 9.50 m 11.40 m
Maximum stagger on
tangent track
200 mm +_ 150 mm
Maximum stagger on
curve
300 mm +_ 250 mm
10. Clearances under over line structure
(High rise OHE)
SN Type of over line structure Minimum
headroom
clearance
1 Light overhead structure, such as
FOB
8.43 m
2 Heavy overhead structure such as
ROB, Flyovers
8.05 m
3 Heavy overhead structure such as
ROB, Flyovers, if any turnout or
crossover is located underside or
nearby 40 m
8.43 m
11. Clearances under over line structure
(Under restriction)
For these minimum restricted heights, catenary wire shall be
terminated outside overhead structure.
SN Type of over line structure Minimum
restricted
heights
1 Light overhead structure, such as FOB 7.568 m
2 Heavy overhead structure such as ROB,
Flyovers
7.468 m
3 Heavy overhead structure such as ROB,
Flyovers, if any turnout or crossover is
located underside or nearby 40 m
7.568 m
12. Clearances for Power Line Track
Crossing
SN voltage Minimum clearance
from Rail level (New
crossing or planned for
alteration)
Minimum
clearance b/w
highest
conductor and
lowest
transmission
line crossing
conductor
For
conventional
OHE
For high
rise OHE
1 Above 11 upto 33 kV 14.66 m 16.66 m 2.44 m
2 Above 33 upto 66 kV 14.96 m 16.96 m 2.44 m
3 Above 66 upto 132 kV 15.56 m 17.56 m 3.05 m
4 Above 132 upto 220 kV 16.46 m 18.46 m 4.58 m
5 Above 220 upto 400 kV 18.26 m 20.26 m 5.49 m
6 Above 400 upto 500 kV 19.16 m 21.16 m 7.94 m
7 Above 500 upto 800 kV 21.86 m 23.86 m 7.94 m
13. Maintenance of High rise OHE
Schedules of maintenance are as under:-
Foot Patrolling
Trolley Inspection / Foot Plate
Current Collection Tests
Annual Maintenance & TOWER WAGON Checking
Periodical Overhauling (POH)
Live line checking / HOT Line Checking
Special Checks
14. Foot patrolling
Due to more height of
OHE visibility during
foot patrolling is
difficult
Constraints in Maintenance in High
Rise OHE
15. Tower Wagon Design
Due to almost 2mtr
higher height of OHE
during live line checking
visibility is not proper.
Pantograph needs
modification with high
reach OHE.
Deck needs modification
for working on high rise
OHE
Constraints in Maintenance in High
Rise OHE
16. As height of OHE is
7.57 m (Contact) and
8.97 m (Catenary),
working of staff at this
height is difficult.
Constraints in Maintenance in High
Rise OHE
17. Emergency Mast
Height of Emergency
mast in conventional OHE
is 8.90 m
(as per RDSO spec. ETI/C/0072)
For High rise OHE no
drawing of emergency
mast has been provided
by RDSO the matter was
discussed in 30th MSG
and matter is under
consideration of RDSO
Constraints in Maintenance in High
Rise OHE
18. Tools & Plants for High Rise
OHE
Discharge rod
Length of cable is 10.50
m + 2.50 mtr in compare
to conventional discharge
rod of length 7.50 m +
1.50 mtr cable
Folding fibre sticks
(1.66m each) for holding
cable – 04 nos.
Erection of discharge
rod demands extra
manpower.
19. Tools & plants for High Rise OHE
Discharge Rod
It needs to be bound at
bottom fitting instead of
number plate as in
conventional hence unsafe.
Due to too much length of
discharge rod while erecting
it in mid lines of yard it
enters in to another
elementary sections.
It is very difficult to handle
when lifting it for erection.
20. Tools & Plants for High Rise OHE
Extensible ladder
Length of extensible
straight ladder has been
proposed as 13.00 m
compared to conventional
ladder of 11.00 m
21. Tools & plants for High Rise
OHE
Extensible ladder
• More manpower needs to be
employed for working on it.
• It swings due to increased
length but no modification in
thickness.
22. Merging with Conventional OHE with
High Rise OHE
Height of Conventional Contact wire = 5.80 m
Height of High Rise Contact wire = 7.57 m
Difference between contact wire = 1.77m
Gradient @ 10 mm/m
