This document provides an overview of anatomical terminology and concepts. It defines anatomical position as standing erect with palms and feet facing forward, which is the standard reference point for describing body positions, movements, and planes. It then describes the three major anatomical planes (sagittal, frontal, and transverse), which divide the body into sections, and defines directional terms like superior, inferior, anterior, and posterior. The document also reviews concepts related to vital signs like temperature, pulse, breathing patterns, and the cardiac cycle. Finally, it provides brief definitions of some key cellular structures and tissues.

1. REVIEWER: MODULE 1
ANATOMICAL POSITION
- STANDING ERECT, WITH PALMS AND FEET FACING FORWARD.
- IS THE STANDARD REFERENCE POINT IN WHICH ALL POSITIONS, MOVEMENTS, AND
PLANES ARE DESCRIBED.
ANATOMICAL PLANES
- FIXED LINES OF REFERENCE ALONG WHICH THE BODY IS OFTEN DIVIDED OR
SECTIONED TO FACILITATE VIEWING OF ITS STRUCTURES.
- ALLOW ONE TO OBTAIN A THREE DIMENSIONAL PERSPECTIVE BY STUDYING THE BODY
FROM DIFFERENT VIEWS
SAGITTAL PLANE
- THE PLANE DIVIDING THE BODY INTO RIGHT AND LEFT PORTIONS
MIDSAGITTAL OR MEDIAN
- ARE NAMES FOR THE PLANE DIVIDING THE BODY INTO EQUAL RIGHT AND LEFT
HALFVES
FRONTAL PLANE
- THE PLANE DIVIDING THE BODY INTO FRONT AND BACK PORTIONS. ALSO CALLED THE
CORONAL PLANE.
TRANSVERSE PLANE
- THE HORIZONTAL PLANE DIVIDING THE BODY INTO UPPER AND LOWER PORTIONS
SUPERIOR
- REFERS TO A STRUCTURE BEING CLOSER TO THE HEAD OR HIGHER THANANOTHER
STRUCTURE IN THE BODY.
INFERIOR
- REFERS TO THE STRUCTURE BEING CLOSER TO THE FEET OR LOWER THAN ANOTHER
STRUCTURE IN THE BODY.
ANTERIOR
- REFERS TO THE STRUCTURE BEING MORE IN THE FRONT THAN ANOTHER STRUCTURE
IN THE BODY.
POSTERIOR
- REFERS TO THE STRUCTURE BEING MORE IN BACK THAN ANOTHER STRUCTURE IN
THE BODY.
MEDIAL
- REFERS TO A STRUCTURE BEING CLOSER TO THE MIDLINE OR MEDIAN PLANE OF THE
BODY.
LATERAL
- REFERS TO A STRUCTURE BEING FARTHER AWAY FROM THE MIDLINE THAN ANOTHER
STRUCTURE OF THE BODY.
PYREXIA, HYPERTHEMIA, FEVER
- BODY TEMPERATURE ABOVE THE USUAL RANGE
FEBRILE - A CLIENT WHO HAS A FEVER

2. AFEBRILE
- A CLIENT WHO DOES NOT HAVE A FEVER
HYPOTHERMIA
- CORE BODY TEMPERATURE BELOW THE LOWER LIMIT OF NORMAL
PULSE
- IS A WAVE OF BLOOD CREATED BY CONTRACTION OF THE LEFT VENTRICLE OF THE
HEART.
- REPRESENTS THE AMOUNT OF BLOOD THAT ENTERS THE ARTERIES WITH EACH
VENTRICULAR CONTRACTION.
PERIPHERAL PULSE
- A PULSE LOCATED AWAY FROM THE HEART
APICAL PULSE
- IS THE CENTRAL PULSE THAT IS LOCATED AT THE APPEX OF THE HEART.
HYPERVENTILATION
- OVEREXPANSION OF THE LUNGS CHARACTERIZED BY RAPID AND DEEP BREATHS
HYPOVENTILATION
- UNDEREXPANSION OF THE LUNGS CHARACTERIZED BY SHALLOW RESPIRATIONS
ALTERATERED BREATHING PATTERNS
DYSPNEA
- DIFFICULT AND LABORED BREATHING DURING WHICH THE INDIVIDUAL HAS A
PERSISTENT, UNSATISFIED NEED FOR AIR AND FELL DISTRESSED
ORTHOPNEA
- ABILITY TO BREATH ONLY IN UPRIGHT SITTING OR STANDING POSITIONS.
STIDOR
- A SHRILL, HARSH SOUND HEARD DURING INSPIRATION WITH LARYNGEAL
OBSTRUCTION.
SYSTOLIC
- CONTRACTOR OF THE VENTRICLES
DIASTOLIC
- VENTRICLES AT REST
- LOWER PRESSURE PRESENT AT ALL TIMES.
MELANOCYTES – A CELL FORM THE 2ND MOST NUMEROUS CELL TYPE IN THE EPIDERMIS
PAPILLARY LAYER – SUPERFICIAL LAYER OF THE DERMIS THAT BORDERS ON THE EPIDERMIS
DERMIS – IT IS THE DEEP LAYER OF THE SKIN FOUND UNDER EPIDERMIS
KERATINOCYTES – 90% OF THE EPIDERMIS IS MADE OF CELL
RETICULAR LAYER- THICKER & TOUGHER PART OF THE DERMIS
EPITHELIAL – THESE ARE WIDE SPREAD TYPE OF TISSUE THROUGHOUT THE BODY

3. TISSUES – ANY OF THE DISTINCT TYPES OF MATERIAL OF WHICH ANIMAL, PLANTS ARE MADE
CONSISTING OF SPECIALIZED CELLS & THEIR PRODUCTS.
MICROTOBULES – THESE ARE TOBULAR POLYMERS OF TUBULIN THAT FORM PART OF THE
CYTOSKELETON THAT PROVIDES THE CYTOPLASM OF EUKARYOTIC CELLS & SOME BACTERIA
WITH STRUCTURE & SHAPE.
LYSOSOMES- AN ORGANELLE IN THE CYTOPLASM OF EUKARYOTIC CELLS CONTAINING
DEGRADATIVE ENZYMES ENCLOSED IN A MEMBRANE
CELL- FROM THE LATIN WORD CELLA
RIBOSOME- A COMPLEX MOLECULAR MACHINE FOUND WITHIN ALL LIVING CELLS THAT
SERVES AS THE SITE OF BIOLOGICAL PROTEIN SYNTHESIS.
CHROMATIN – A COMPLEX OF MACROMOLECULES FOUND IN CELLS CONSISTING OF DNA, RNA
, & PROTEIN.